LQM Quranic Arabic Notes Level3 v10

‫الرِح ْيِم‬ ِ
‫ن‬ ‫م‬‫ح‬‫الر‬
َّ َ ْ َّ ِ
‫هللا‬ ‫بِ ْسِم‬
LQ Mississauga
Qur’anic Arabic Notes – Level 3 (v. 10)
Topics
1 Augmented Three Letter Verb – ‫مزيد‬ ‫الثّلاثي‬ 8 Conjugation of Heavy-duty Nun
Combining the Oath with the Condition -

2 Classification of Verbs 9 ِ َّ‫اِجتِ َما ُع الق ََس ِم َوالش‬
‫رط‬
3 Noun Declension and Non-Declension 10 Pronoun Summary
4 Manqus - ‫المنقوص‬ 11 Exception
5 Condition – ‫الشّ رط‬ 12 Diptote
6 ْ ‫ال ُم‬
Absolute Object – ‫ط َل ُق‬ ُ‫ال َم ْف ُعول‬
7 Oath – ‫َس ُم‬
َ ‫الق‬
Copyright Notice
This resource is provided for Personal Use Only by the courtesy of the Language of the Qur’an (LQ Mississauga), Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. Any
reproduction for commercial use of this document or the information contained herein, is prohibited. Any reproduction of this document or part thereof for
personal use must contain this copyright notice. For any questions, suggestions or to report any errors, contact info@lqmississauga.com.
2
Revision History
Date Ver Author Revision Comments

May. 29, 2014 1 Zahid Naeem Augmented three letter verb notes
Aug. 11, 2014 2 Zahid Naeem Added notes for Noun Declension and Non-Declensions
Sep. 20, 2014 3 Zahid Naeem Corrections and additions
Mar. 24, 2015 4 Zahid Naeem Added notes for ‫الشّ رط‬
May 19, 2015 5 Zahid Naeem Added notes for ‫ال َم ْف ُعو ُل ال ُم ْط َل ُق‬
Jun. 07, 2015 6 Zahid Naeem Added notes for ‫القسم‬
Jun. 14, 2015 7 Zahid Naeem Added notes for classification of verbs
Added notes for a) combining oath and condition b) pronouns c) exception
Dec. 28, 2015 8 Zahid Naeem
and d) diptote
Jun. 9, 2019 9 Zahid Naeem Changed the slides size to wide. Added notes for manqus
Dec. 3, 2019 10 Zahid Naeem Added cover page and updated copyright notice
Qur’anic Arabic Notes – Level 3 (v. 10) | info@lqmississauga.com | www.lqmississauga.com | © LQ Mississauga 3

Augmented vs. Un-augmented Three Letter Verb
Augmented Three Letter Verb Un-augmented Three Letter Verb

‫ال ِف ْع ُل الثُّ َلاثِ ُّي ا ْل َمزِي ُد‬ ‫ال ِف ْع ُل الثُّ َلاثِ ُّي ا ْل ُم َج َّر ُد‬
▪ A three letter verb, which is augmented by ▪ A three letter verb, which contains only the
adding one or more letters to the original original three letters without any additional
three letters, e.g. letter, e.g.
ََ ‫ ِِ ْن ََ َش‬،ََ ‫ َت َعا َو‬،‫ َت َق َّب َل‬، َ‫ اَ ْن َزل‬،َ‫ َسا َعد‬،‫َعلَّ َم‬ ‫ َن ِس َي‬،َ‫ َو َجد‬،‫ َس ِم َع‬، َ‫ قَال‬،‫س‬
َ ‫ َج َل‬،‫َك َت َب‬
▪ Also called Derived Three Letter Verbs
▪ These verbs are further classified into 12
forms, of which 9 are most common –
Form II to X (2 to 10). We will only study
these 9 forms.
▪ Please note that even though the number
of letters in each of these verbs is more
than three, they are still referred to as
“Augmented (or Derived) Three Letter
verb”

Form II – ‫َف َّع َل‬ ‫َباب‬
َ ‫َف َّع‬
Form II – ‫ل‬ ‫َباب‬ Augmented Letter
‫َف َّع َل‬ َ‫ل‬ ‫َف ْع َع‬ ‫َف َــُِـعـ َل‬

3 2 1
Original Letters
َ‫َنـ َّزل‬ He sent down, He brought down َ‫َنـ َزل‬ He came down
‫َد َّر َس‬ He taught ‫َد َر َس‬ He learnt
‫َقـتَّـ َل‬ He massacred ‫َقـ َتـ َل‬ He killed
‫َك َّس َر‬ He smashed ‫ك ََس َر‬ He broke
‫َس َّب َح‬ He praised/glorified ‫َس َب َح‬ He swam
‫ع‬ Represents the ‫كلمة‬ ‫( ع‬2nd radical) of the respective verb and NOT the alphabet ‫ع‬
Form III – ‫َفا َع َل‬ ‫َباب‬
َ ‫َفا َع‬
Form III – ‫ل‬ ‫َباب‬ Augmented Letter
‫َفـا َع َل‬ َ‫ل‬ ‫َف ا َع‬ ‫َف َــُِـعـ َل‬

3 2 1
Original Letters
‫َقـا َت َل‬ He fought ‫َقـ َت َل‬ He killed
‫َجـا َه َد‬ He endeavored, He strived ‫َج َه َد‬ He exerted himself
‫شَ ـا َه َد‬ He viewed, inspected, observed ‫شَ ِه َد‬ He witnessed
‫َخـا َط َب‬ He addressed someone directly ‫َخ َط َب‬ He delivered a public address
‫َنـا َدى‬ He called, He shouted ‫َندَا‬ He called
‫ا‬ Represents the alphabet )َ‫(ال‬ ‫ا‬

Form IV – ‫اَ ْف َع َل‬ ‫َباب‬
َ ‫اَ ْف َع‬
Form IV – ‫ل‬ ‫َباب‬ Augmented Letter
‫اَ ْف َع َل‬ َ‫ل‬ ‫َا ْف َع‬ ‫َف َــُِـعـ َل‬

3 2 1
Original Letters
َ‫اَ ْن َزل‬ He sent down, He brought down َ‫َنـ َزل‬ He came down
‫اَخْ َر َج‬ He brought someone/something out ‫َخ َر َج‬ He came out, He left
‫اَ ْص َل َح‬ He made someone/something good ‫َص َل َح‬ He was good
‫َا ْس َل َم‬ He embraced Islam ‫َس ِل َم‬ He was safe
‫اَ َرا َد‬ He wanted, He wished ‫َرا َد‬ He looked for,

He searched for
‫اَ َقا َم‬ He made someone/something standup ‫َقا َم‬ He stood up

Form V – ‫َت َف َّع َل‬ ‫َباب‬
َ ‫َت َف َّع‬
Form V – ‫ل‬ ‫َباب‬ Augmented Letters
‫َت َف َّع َل‬ َ‫ل‬ ‫َت َف ْع َع‬ ‫َف َــُِـعـ َل‬

3 2 1
Original Letters
‫َت َذ َّك َر‬ He remembered ‫َذ َك َر‬ He remembered
‫َت َولَّى‬ He turned back ‫َو َلى‬ He followed
‫َت َو َّك َل‬ He put his trust (especially with Allah) ‫َو َك َل‬ He entrusted
‫َتـ َبـ َّي َـن‬ It became clear َ‫َب َا‬ It became clear
‫َت َف ََّ َر‬ He meditated, reflected ‫َف ََ َر‬ He meditated, reflected
‫َت ََلَّ َم‬ He spoke ‫َك َل َم‬ He spoke

Form VI – ‫َتفَا َع َل‬ ‫َباب‬
َ ‫َت َفا َع‬
Form VI – ‫ل‬ ‫َباب‬ Augmented Letters
‫َت َفا َع َل‬ َ‫ل‬ ‫َت َف ا َع‬ ‫َف َــُِـعـ َل‬

3 2 1
Original Letters
َ‫َت َسا َءل‬ He asked (one another) َ‫َساَل‬ He asked
‫ض‬
َ ‫َتـ َمـا َر‬ He pretended to be sick ‫ض‬ َ ‫َم َر‬ He became sick
‫َت َضا َر َب‬ He quarreled, He brawled ‫َض َر َب‬ He hit
ََ ‫َتـ َعا َو‬ He helped (one another) َ‫َع َا‬ He was middle-aged
‫َتـ َنا َو َم‬ He pretended to sleep ‫َنا َم‬ He slept
‫َتـ َنـا َبـ َز‬ He gave someone a nickname to reproach ‫َنـ َبـ َز‬ He defamed

Form VII – ‫ِ ِ ْن َف َع َل‬ ‫َباب‬
َ ‫ِِ ْن َف َع‬
Form VII – ‫ل‬ ‫َباب‬ Augmented Letters
‫ِِ ْن َف َع َل‬ َ‫ل‬ ‫ِِ َْ َف َع‬ ‫َف َــُِـعـ َل‬

3 2 1
Original Letters
‫ِِ ْن َق َل َب‬ He/it was overturned ‫َق َل َب‬ He/it overturned
‫ِِ ْن َق َط َع‬ He/it was cut ‫َق َط َع‬ He cut
‫ِِ ْن ََ َس َر‬ It got broke ‫ك ََس َر‬ He broke
ََ ‫ِِ ْن ََ َش‬ It got revealed, It got disclosed ََ ‫ك ََش‬ He revealed, He disclosed
‫ِِ ْن َب َغى‬ It was fitting and proper ‫َب َغى‬ He desired
‫ِِ ْن َه َز َم‬ He was defeated ‫َه َز َم‬ He defeated

Form VIII – ‫ِ ِ ْف َت َع َل‬ ‫َباب‬
َ ‫ِِ ْف َت َع‬
Form VIII – ‫ل‬ ‫َباب‬ Augmented Letters
‫ِِ ْف َت َع َل‬ َ‫ل‬ ‫ِِ ْف َت َع‬ ‫َف َــُِـعـ َل‬

3 2 1
Original Letters
‫ِِ ْج َت َم َع‬ He came together ‫َج َم َع‬ He collected, gathered
َ‫ِِ ْش َت َرك‬ He entered into partnership َ‫شَ رِك‬ He shared
‫ِِ ْجـ َتـ َن َب‬ He turned aside, He avoided ‫َج َن َب‬ He turned aside, He avoided
‫ِِ ْنـ َتـ َهى‬ He terminated, He ceased ‫َن َهى‬ He prohibited
‫ِِ ْنـ َتـ َظ َر‬ He waited ‫َن َظ َر‬ He saw, looked
For phonetic reasons, the augmented alphabet ‫ ت‬is sometimes replaced with ‫ ط‬،‫ ض‬،‫ د‬depending upon the ‫ ف كلمة‬of the verb.
Similarly the ‫ ف كلمة‬itself may be changed in some cases. We will study this later, ‫اَ شاء اللّه‬
Form IX – ‫ِ ِ ْف َع َّل‬ ‫َباب‬
َّ ‫ِِ ْف َع‬
Form IX – ‫ل‬ ‫َباب‬ Augmented Letters
‫ِِ ْف َع َّل‬ َ‫ِِ ْف َع ْل ل‬ ‫َف َــُِـعـ َل‬

3 2 1
Original Letters
‫ِِ ْح َم َّر‬ He/it turned red
‫ِِ ْس َو َّد‬ He/it turned black
‫ض‬ َّ ‫ِِ ْب َيـ‬ He/it turned white
‫ِِ ْع َو َّج‬ He/it became crooked ‫َعو َِج‬ He/it was crooked
For some augmented verbs, the un-augmented verbs may not exist, as is the case above.

Form X – ‫ِ ِ ْس َتـ ْف َع َل‬ ‫َباب‬
َ ‫ِِ ْس َت ْف َع‬
Form X – ‫ل‬ ‫َباب‬ Augmented Letters
‫ِِ ْس َتـ ْف َع َل‬ َ‫ل‬ ‫ِِ ْس َت ْف َع‬ ‫َف َــُِـعـ َل‬

3 2 1
Original Letters
‫ِِ ْس َت ْغ َف َر‬ He sought forgiveness ‫َغ َف َر‬ He forgave
‫ِِ ْس َت َْ َب َر‬ He deemed to be great, He became proud ‫كَـ ُب َر‬ He became great
‫ِِ ْس َت َطا َع‬ He was able to ‫َطا َع‬ He was obedient
‫اب‬َ ‫ِِ ْس َت َج‬ He answered ‫اب‬َ ‫َج‬ He split
َ‫ِِ ْس َت ْه َزا‬ He mocked, He ridiculed ‫َهز َِئ‬ He mocked, He ridiculed
‫ِِ ْس َت ْع َج َل‬ He sought to hasten ‫َع ِج َل‬ He hastened

‫َف َّع َل – ‪More on Form II‬‬ ‫َباب‬ ‫لَ‬ ‫َف ْع َع‬
‫اِ ْس ُم‬ ‫اِ ْس ُم‬ ‫فِ ْع ُل‬ ‫ال ِف ْع ُل ال ِف ْع ُل‬

‫ال َم ْف ُع ِ‬ ‫الف ِ‬ ‫ال َم ْص َد ُر‬ ‫ال َم ِ‬
‫ول‬ ‫َاعلِ‬ ‫اضي ال ُم َضا ِر ُع الأَ ْم ِر‬
‫ُم َف َّعل‬ ‫ُمفَعل‬ ‫َت ْف ِعيل‬ ‫َفع ْل‬ ‫ُيفَع ُل‬ ‫َف َّع َل‬
‫ُم َد َّرس‬ ‫ُمدَرس‬ ‫َت ْدرِيس‬ ‫َدر ْس‬ ‫ُيدَر ُس‬ ‫َد َّر َس‬
‫ُم َن َّزل‬ ‫ُم َنزل‬ ‫َت ْنزِيل‬ ‫َنز ْل‬ ‫ُي َنزلُ‬ ‫َن َّزلَ‬
‫ُم َس َّبح‬ ‫ُم َسبح‬ ‫َت ْس ِبيح‬ ‫َسب ْح‬ ‫ُي َسب ُح‬ ‫َس َّب َح‬
‫ُم َقدَّر‬ ‫ُمقَدر‬ ‫َت ْق ِدير‬ ‫َقد ْر‬ ‫ُيقَد ُر‬ ‫َق َّد َر‬
‫ُم ََ َّسر‬ ‫ُم ََسر‬ ‫َت َْ ِسير‬ ‫كَس ْر‬ ‫ُي ََس ُر‬ ‫َك َّس َر‬
‫‪Form II is also referred to as‬‬ ‫‪َ pattern.‬م ْصدَر ‪َ , because some texts refer to the augmented verbs with their‬باب َت ْف ِعيل‬
‫‪Qur’anic Arabic Notes – Level 3 (v. 10) | info@lqmississauga.com | www.lqmississauga.com | © LQ Mississauga‬‬ ‫‪14‬‬
‫َفا َع َل – ‪More on Form III‬‬ ‫َباب‬ ‫لَ‬ ‫َف ا َع‬

‫ُمفَا َعل‬ ‫َف ِاع ْل فِ َعال‪ُ ،‬مفَا َع َلة ُمف ِ‬
‫َاعل‬ ‫ُيف ِ‬
‫َاع ُل‬ ‫َفا َع َل‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ُم َجا ِهد‬ ‫ِج َهاد‬ ‫َجا ِه ْد‬ ‫ُي َجا ِه ُد‬ ‫َجا َه َد‬
‫ُم َخ ِاطب ُم َخا َطب‬ ‫ِخ َطاب‬ ‫َخا َط َب ُي َخ ِاط ُب َخ ِاط ْب‬
‫ُم َشا َهد‬ ‫ُم َشا ِهد‬ ‫ُم َشا َهدَة‬ ‫شَ ا ِه ْد‬ ‫ُي َشا ِه ُد‬ ‫شَ ا َه َد‬
‫ُم َبا َرك‬ ‫ُم َبا ِرك‬ ‫ُم َبا َركَة‬ ‫َبار ِْك‬ ‫ُيـ َبا ِركُ‬ ‫َبا َركَ‬
‫ـ‬ ‫ُم َنافِق‬ ‫نِفَاق‬ ‫َنافِ ْق‬ ‫ُي َنافِ ُق‬ ‫َنا َف َق‬
‫‪Form III is also referred to as‬‬ ‫َباب ُمفَا َع َلة ‪َ or‬باب فِ َعال‬
‫اَ ْف َع َل – ‪More on Form IV‬‬ ‫َباب‬ ‫لَ‬ ‫َع‬ ‫اَ ْف‬

‫ُم ْف َعل‬ ‫ُم ْف ِعل‬ ‫ا ِ ْف َعال‬ ‫اَ ْف ِع ْل‬ ‫ُي ْف ِع ُل‬ ‫اَ ْف َع َل‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ُم ْس ِلم‬ ‫ا ِ ْس َلام‬ ‫اَ ْس ِل ْم‬ ‫ُي ْس ِل ُم‬ ‫اَ ْس َل َم‬
‫ُمخْ َرج‬ ‫ُمخْ رِج‬ ‫اِخْ َراج‬ ‫اَخْ ر ِْج‬ ‫ُيخْ ر ُِج‬ ‫اَخْ َر َج‬
‫ُم ْص َلح‬ ‫ُم ْص ِلح‬ ‫ا ِ ْص َلاح‬ ‫اَ ْص ِل ْح‬ ‫ُي ْص ِل ُح‬ ‫اَ ْص َل َح‬
‫ُم ْن َزل‬ ‫ُم ْنزِل‬ ‫ا ِ ْن َزال‬ ‫اَ ْنز ِْل‬ ‫ُي ْنزِلُ‬ ‫اَ ْن َزلَ‬
‫ُم ْر َسل‬ ‫ُم ْر ِسل‬ ‫ا ِ ْر َسال‬ ‫اَ ْر ِس ْل‬ ‫ُي ْر ِس ُل‬ ‫اَ ْر َس َل‬
‫‪Form IV is also referred to as‬‬ ‫‪َ .‬باب ا ِ ْف َعال‬
‫َت َف َّع َل – ‪More on Form V‬‬ ‫َباب‬ ‫لَ‬ ‫َت َف ْع َع‬

‫ُم َت َف َّعل‬ ‫ُم َت َفعل‬ ‫َت َف ُّعل‬ ‫َت َف َّع ْل‬ ‫َي َت َف َّع ُل‬ ‫َت َف َّع َل‬
‫ُم َت ََلَّم‬ ‫ُم َت ََلم‬ ‫َت ََلُّم‬ ‫َت ََلَّ ْم‬ ‫َي َت ََلَّ ُم‬ ‫َت ََلَّ َم‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ُم َت َفَر‬ ‫َت َف َُّر‬ ‫َت َف ََّ ْر‬ ‫َي َت َف ََّ ُر‬ ‫َت َف ََّ َر‬
‫ُم َت َو َّكل‬ ‫ُم َت َوكل‬ ‫َت َوكُّل‬ ‫َت َو َّك ْل‬ ‫َي َت َو َّك ُل‬ ‫َت َو َّك َل‬
‫ُم َت َعلَّم‬ ‫ُم َت َعلم‬ ‫َت َعلُّم‬ ‫َت َعلَّ ْم‬ ‫َي َت َعلَّ ُم‬ ‫َت َعلَّ َم‬
‫ُم َت َن َّزل‬ ‫ُم َت َنزل‬ ‫َت َن ُّزل‬ ‫َت َن َّز ْل‬ ‫َي َت َن َّزلُ‬ ‫َت َن َّزلَ‬
‫‪Form V is also referred to as‬‬ ‫‪َ .‬باب َت َف ُّعل‬
‫َت َفا َع َل – ‪More on Form VI‬‬ ‫َباب‬ ‫لَ‬ ‫َت َف ا َع‬

‫ُم َتفَا َعل‬ ‫ُم َت َف ِاعل‬ ‫َتفَا ُعل‬ ‫َتفَا َع ْل‬ ‫َي َت َفا َع ُل‬ ‫َت َفا َع َل‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ُم َت َسا ِءل‬ ‫َت َسا ُءل‬ ‫َت َسا َء ْل‬ ‫َي َت َسا َءلُ‬ ‫َت َسا َءلَ‬
‫ـ‬ ‫ُم َت َمارِض‬ ‫َتـ َمـا ُرض‬ ‫ض‬
‫ض َتـ َمـا َر ْ‬
‫ض َي َتـ َمـا َر ُ‬
‫َتـ َمـا َر َ‬
‫ُم َت َعا َوَ‬ ‫ُم َت َعاوَِ‬ ‫َت َعا ُوَ‬ ‫َت َعا َو َْ‬ ‫َي َت َعا َو َُ‬ ‫َتـ َعا َو ََ‬
‫ُم َت ََاثَر‬ ‫ُم َت ََاثِر‬ ‫َت ََاثُر‬ ‫َت ََا َث ْر‬ ‫َي َت ََا َث ُر‬ ‫َتـ ََا َث َر‬
‫ُم َت َعارِف ُم َت َعا َرف‬ ‫َت َعا ُرف‬ ‫َت َعا َر ْف‬ ‫َي َت َعا َر ُف‬ ‫َتـ َعا َر َف‬
‫‪Form VI is also referred to as‬‬ ‫‪َ .‬باب َتفَا ُعل‬
‫ِ ِ ْن َف َع َل – ‪More on Form VII‬‬ ‫َباب‬ ‫لَ‬ ‫َع‬ ‫ِِ َْ َف‬

‫ـ‬ ‫ُم ْن َف ِعل‬ ‫ِِ ْن ِف َعال‬ ‫َي ْن َف ِع ُل ِِ ْن َف ِع ْل‬ ‫ِِ ْن َف َع َل‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ُم ْن َق ِلب‬ ‫ِِ ْن ِق َلاب‬ ‫ِِ ْن َق ِل ْب‬ ‫َي ْن َق ِل ُب‬ ‫ِِ ْن َق َل َب‬
‫ـ‬ ‫ُم ْن ََ ِسر‬ ‫ِِن َِْ َسار‬ ‫ِِ ْن ََ ِس ْر‬ ‫َي ْن ََ ِس ُر‬ ‫ِِ ْن ََ َس َر‬
‫ـ‬ ‫ُم ْن ََ ِشَ‬ ‫ِِن َِْ َشاف‬ ‫ِِ ْن ََ َش ََ َي ْن ََ ِش َُ ِِ ْن ََ ِش َْ‬
‫ـ‬ ‫ُم ْن َص ِرف‬ ‫ِِن ِْص َراف‬ ‫ِِ ْن َص َر َف َي ْن َص ِر ُف ِِن َْصر ِْف‬
‫ـ‬ ‫ُم ْن َف ِرد‬ ‫ِِ ْن ِف َراد‬ ‫ِِ ْن َف ِر ْد‬ ‫َي ْن َف ِر ُد‬ ‫ِِ ْن َف َر َد‬
‫‪Form VII is also referred to as‬‬ ‫‪َ .‬باب ِِ ْن ِف َعال‬
‫ِ ِ ْف َت َع َل – ‪More on Form VIII‬‬ ‫َباب‬ ‫لَ‬ ‫ِِ ْف َت َع‬

‫ُم ْف َت َعل‬ ‫ُم ْف َت ِعل‬ ‫ِِ ْف ِت َعال‬ ‫َي ْف َت ِع ُل ِِ ْف َت ِع ْل‬ ‫ِِ ْف َت َع َل‬
‫‪-‬‬ ‫ُم ْج َت ِمع‬ ‫ِِ ْج ِت َماع‬ ‫ِِ ْج َت ِم ْع‬ ‫َي ْج َت ِم ُع‬ ‫ِِ ْج َت َم َع‬
‫ُمشْ َت َرك‬ ‫ُمشْ َترِك‬ ‫ِِ ْش ِت َراك‬ ‫ِِ ْش َتر ِْك‬ ‫َيشْ َترِكُ‬ ‫ِِ ْش َت َركَ‬
‫ُم ْج َتـ ِنب ُم ْج َتـ َنب‬ ‫ِِ ْج ِت َناب‬ ‫ِِ ْج َتـ َن َب َي ْج َتـ ِن ُب ِِ ْج َتـ ِن ْب‬
‫ـ‬ ‫ُمخْ َت ِلَ‬ ‫ِِخْ ِت َلاف‬ ‫ِِخْ َتـ َل ََ َيخْ َت ِل َُ ِِخْ َت ِل َْ‬
‫ُم ْح َت ِسب ُم ْح َت َسب‬ ‫ِِ ْح ِت َساب‬ ‫ِِ ْح َتـ َس َب َي ْح َت ِس ُب ِِ ْح َت ِس ْب‬
‫‪Form VIII is also referred to as‬‬ ‫‪َ .‬باب ِِ ْف ِت َعال‬
‫ِ ِ ْس َت ْف َع َل – ‪More on Form X‬‬ ‫َباب‬ ‫لَ‬ ‫َع‬ ‫ِِ ْس َت ْف‬
‫اِ ْس ُم‬ ‫اِ ْس ُم‬ ‫فِ ْع ُل‬ ‫ال ِف ْع ُل‬ ‫ال ِف ْع ُل‬
‫ول‬ ‫َاعلِ‬ ‫ال ُم َضا ِر ُع الأَ ْم ِر‬ ‫اضي‬
‫ُم ْس َت ْف ِعل ُم ْس َت ْف َعل‬ ‫ِِ ْس ِت ْف َعال‬ ‫َي ْس َت ْف ِع ُل ِِ ْس َت ْف ِع ْل‬ ‫ِِ ْس َت ْف َع َل‬
‫ُم ْس َت ْغ ِفر ُم ْس َت ْغفَر‬ ‫ِِ ْس ِت ْغ َفار‬ ‫ِِ ْس َت ْغ ِف ْر‬ ‫َي ْس َت ْغ ِف ُر‬ ‫ِِ ْس َت ْغ َف َر‬
‫ُم ْس َت َْ ِبر ُم ْس َت َْ َبر‬ ‫ِِ ْس ِت َْ َبار‬ ‫َي ْس َت َْ ِب ُر ِِ ْس َت َْ ِب ْر‬ ‫ِِ ْس َت َْ َب َر‬
‫ُم ْس َت ِعين ُم ْس َت َعاَ‬ ‫ِِ ْس ِت َعا َنة‬ ‫ين ِِ ْس َت ِع ْن‬
‫َي ْس َت ِع ُ‬ ‫ِِ ْس َت َع َاَ‬
‫ُم ْس َتخْ رِج ُم ْس َتخْ َرج‬ ‫ِِ ْس ِتخْ َراج‬ ‫ِِ ْس َتخْ َر َج َي ْس َتخْ ر ُِج ِِ ْس َتخْ ِر ْج‬
‫ُم ْس َت ْق ِبل ُم ْس َت ْق َبل‬ ‫ِِ ْس ِت ْق َبال‬ ‫َي ْس َت ْق ِب ُل ِِ ْس َت ْق ِب ْل‬ ‫ِِ ْس َت ْق َب َل‬
‫‪Form X is also referred to as‬‬ ‫‪َ .‬باب ِِ ْس ِت ْف َعال‬
‫‪Augmented Three Letter Verb Chart‬‬
‫اِ ْس ُم‬ ‫اِ ْس ُم‬ ‫ال َم ْص َد ُر‬ ‫ال ِف ْع ُل‬ ‫ال ِف ْع ُل‬ ‫ال ِف ْع ُل‬ ‫‪Form‬‬
‫ال َم ْف ُع ِ‬
‫ول‬ ‫الف ِ‬
‫َاعلِ‬ ‫الأَ ْم ِر‬ ‫ال ُم َضا ِر ُع‬ ‫اضي‬ ‫ال َم ِ‬
‫ُم َف َّعل‬ ‫ُمفَعل‬ ‫َت ْف ِعيل‬ ‫َفع ْل‬ ‫ُيفَع ُل‬ ‫َف َّع َل‬ ‫لَ‬ ‫َف ْع َع‬ ‫‪II‬‬
‫ُمفَا َعل‬ ‫َاعل‬ ‫فِ َعال‪ُ ،‬مفَا َع َلة ُمف ِ‬ ‫َف ِاع ْل‬ ‫َاع ُل‬‫ُيف ِ‬ ‫َفا َع َل‬ ‫لَ‬ ‫َف ا َع‬ ‫‪III‬‬
‫ُم ْف َعل‬ ‫ُم ْف ِعل‬ ‫ا ِ ْف َعال‬ ‫اَ ْف ِع ْل‬ ‫ُي ْف ِع ُل‬ ‫اَ ْف َع َل‬ ‫لَ‬ ‫َع‬ ‫اَ ْف‬ ‫‪IV‬‬
‫ُم َت َف َّعل‬ ‫ُم َت َفعل‬ ‫َت َف ُّعل‬ ‫َت َف َّع ْل‬ ‫َي َت َف َّع ُل‬ ‫َت َف َّع َل‬ ‫لَ‬ ‫َت َف ْع َع‬ ‫‪V‬‬
‫ُم َتفَا َعل‬ ‫ُم َت َف ِاعل‬ ‫َتفَا ُعل‬ ‫َتفَا َع ْل‬ ‫َي َت َفا َع ُل‬ ‫َت َفا َع َل‬ ‫لَ‬ ‫َت َف ا َع‬ ‫‪VI‬‬
‫ــ‬ ‫ُم ْن َف ِعل‬ ‫ِِ ْن ِف َعال‬ ‫ِِ ْن َف ِع ْل‬ ‫َي ْن َف ِع ُل‬ ‫ِِ ْن َف َع َل‬ ‫لَ‬ ‫َع‬ ‫ِِ َْ َف‬ ‫‪VII‬‬
‫ُم ْف َت َعل‬ ‫ُم ْف َت ِعل‬ ‫ِِ ْف ِت َعال‬ ‫ِِ ْف َت ِع ْل‬ ‫َي ْف َت ِع ُل‬ ‫ِِ ْف َت َع َل‬ ‫لَ‬ ‫ِِ ْف َت َع‬ ‫‪VIII‬‬
‫ــ‬ ‫ُم ْف َعل‬ ‫ِِ ْف ِع َلال‬ ‫ِِ ْف َع َّل‬ ‫َي ْف َع ُّل‬ ‫ِِ ْف َع َّل‬ ‫َع ْل لَ‬ ‫ِِ ْف‬ ‫‪IX‬‬
‫ُم ْس َت ْف َعل‬ ‫ِِ ْس ِت ْف َعال ُم ْس َت ْف ِعل‬ ‫ِِ ْس َت ْف ِع ْل‬ ‫َي ْس َت ْف ِع ُل‬ ‫ِِ ْس َت ْف َع َل‬ ‫لَ‬ ‫َع‬ ‫ِِ ْس َت ْف‬ ‫‪X‬‬
‫‪Classification of Verbs‬‬
‫َمزِيد ُر َب ِاعي‬ ‫ُم َج َّرد ُر َب ِاعي‬ ‫َمزِيد ثُ َلاثِي‬ ‫ُم َج َّرد ثُ َلاثِي‬
‫َتفَع َل َل‬ ‫فَع َل َل‬ ‫فَـ َّعـ َل َتـ َف َّع َل اِ ْفـ َتـ َع َل‬ ‫َف َع َل َيف ُع ُل َف ُع َل َيف ُع ُل‬
‫‪VIII‬‬ ‫‪V‬‬ ‫‪II‬‬
‫اِف َعن َل َل‬ ‫فَا َع َل َتـفَا َع َل اِ ْفـ َع َّل‬ ‫َف َع َل َيف ِع ُل َف ِع َل َيف َع ُل‬
‫‪IX‬‬ ‫‪VI‬‬ ‫‪III‬‬
‫اَ ْفـ َع َل اِنْـ َف َع َل اِ ْس َتـ ْف َع َل‬ ‫َف َع َل َيف َع ُل َف ِع َل َيف ِع ُل‬
‫اِف َع َل َّل‬
‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪VII‬‬ ‫‪IV‬‬
‫ُمع َتل‬ ‫َص ِحيح‬

‫َل ِفيَ َمف ُروق‬ ‫ُمع َت ُّل الفَا ِء ( ِم َثال)‬ ‫َمه ُمو ُز الفَا ِء‬ ‫َسالِم‬
‫َل ِفيَ َمق ُروَ‬ ‫ُمع َت ُّل ال َعينِ (اَج َوف)‬ ‫َمه ُمو ُز ال َعينِ‬ ‫ُم َضا َعَ‬
‫ُمع َت ُّل ال َّلا ِم ( َن ِاقص)‬ ‫َمه ُمو ُز ال َّلا ِم‬
‫‪An Intermediate Dictionary of Verb Conjugation - Numbering‬‬
‫َمزِيد ُر َب ِاعي‬ ‫‪٤‬‬ ‫‪ُ ۳‬م َج َّرد ُر َب ِاعي‬ ‫َمزِيد ثُ َلاثِي‬ ‫‪۲‬‬ ‫ُم َج َّرد ثُ َلاثِي‬ ‫‪۱‬‬
‫‪۱‬‬ ‫‪۱‬‬ ‫‪َ٤‬فعل يفعل فَـ َّعـ َل َتـ َف َّع َل اِ ْفـ َتـ َع َل‬ ‫‪۱‬‬
‫َتفَع َل َل‬ ‫فَع َل َل‬ ‫َُ َ ُُ‬ ‫َف َع َل َيف ُع ُل‬
‫‪VIII٦ V ۳ II ۰‬‬
‫‪۲‬‬ ‫‪َ٥‬ف ِعل يفعل فَا َع َل َتـفَا َع َل اِ ْفـ َع َّل‬ ‫‪۲‬‬
‫اِف َعن َل َل‬ ‫َ َ َ ُ‬ ‫َف َع َل َيف ِع ُل‬
‫‪IX ٧ VI ٤ III ۱‬‬
‫‪۳‬‬ ‫‪َ٦‬ف ِعل يف ِعل اَ ْفـ َع َل اِنْـ َف َع َل اِ ْس َتـ ْف َع َل‬ ‫‪۳‬‬
‫اِف َع َل َّل‬ ‫َ َ ُ‬ ‫َف َع َل َيف َع ُل‬
‫‪X ٨ VII ٥ IV ۲‬‬

‫‪ُ ٥‬مع َت ُّل الفَا ِء ( ِم َثال) ‪َ ٨‬ل ِفيَ َمف ُروق‬ ‫‪َ ۲‬مه ُمو ُز الفَا ِء‬ ‫َسالِم‬ ‫‪۰‬‬
‫‪ُ ٦‬مع َت ُّل ال َعينِ ( َاج َوف) ‪َ ٩‬ل ِفيَ َمق ُروَ‬ ‫‪َ ۳‬مه ُمو ُز ال َعينِ‬ ‫‪ُ ۱‬م َضا َعَ‬
‫‪ُ ٧‬مع َت ُّل ال َّلا ِم ( َن ِاقص)‬ ‫‪َ ٤‬مه ُمو ُز ال َّلا ِم‬
‫(كَـ َت َب) ‪Classification of Verbs – Example‬‬ ‫‪۱۱۰‬‬
‫‪VIII٦ V ۳ II ۰‬‬
‫‪IX ٧ VI ٤ III ۱‬‬
‫‪X ٨ VII ٥ IV ۲‬‬

‫( َو َج َد) ‪Classification of Verbs – Example‬‬ ‫‪۱۲٥‬‬
‫‪VIII٦ V ۳ II ۰‬‬
‫‪IX ٧ VI ٤ III ۱‬‬
‫‪X ٨ VII ٥ IV ۲‬‬

‫(قَالَ ) ‪Classification of Verbs – Example‬‬ ‫‪۱۱٦‬‬
‫‪VIII٦ V ۳ II ۰‬‬
‫‪IX ٧ VI ٤ III ۱‬‬
‫‪X ٨ VII ٥ IV ۲‬‬

‫( َق َّد َر) ‪Classification of Verbs – Example‬‬ ‫‪۲۰۰‬‬
‫‪VIII٦ V ۳ II ۰‬‬
‫‪IX ٧ VI ٤ III ۱‬‬
‫‪X ٨ VII ٥ IV ۲‬‬

Noun’s Declensions and Non-Declensions
A noun, when used in a sentence, must be in one of the three cases; ‫ َم ْرفُوع‬, ‫ َم ْن ُصوب‬or ‫ َم ْج ُرور‬. This is called Noun
Declension and it establishes the function of that noun in the sentence. The noun declension is usually
indicated by the noun ending. While most nouns decline, some do not. And the ones which decline, have
different signs of declension. Nouns are classified according to their declension or non-declension as follows:
There is no change in the endings

of these nouns to indicate their
Noun ‫اسم‬ There is a change in the endings of
these nouns to indicate their function
function. in the sentence.
Non-Declinable ‫َم ْبنِي‬ Declinable ‫ُم ْع َرب‬ Declinable nouns are

divided into three sub-
types depending upon
the type of their endings
Majority of Arabic nouns are
declinable with primary endings.
These endings are considered the
rule, while all others are exceptions
Primary Endings Secondary Endings Latent Endings
‫اب الأَ ْصلِ َّي ُة‬
ُ ‫ِالأ ْع َر‬ ‫اب ال َف ْر ِع َّي ُة‬
ُ ‫ِالأ ْع َر‬ ‫اب التَّ ْق ِدي ِريَّـ ُة‬
ُ ‫ِالأ ْع َر‬
• ‫الض َّم ُة‬
َّ for ‫َم ْرفُوع‬ These are declinable For some declinable
nouns, but they nouns, their endings
The nouns which are non-declinable or • ‫ ا ْل َف ْت َح ُة‬for ‫َم ْن ُصوب‬ decline with non- are hidden and are
declinable with secondary or latent endings primary endings. estimated according
are exceptions and are described in more • ‫ ا ْل ََ ْس َر ُة‬for ‫َم ْج ُرور‬ to their function.
detail in the subsequent pages.

Non-Declinable ‫َم ْب ِني‬
Noun ‫اسم‬
‫َم ْبنِي‬ Declinable ‫ُم ْع َرب‬

Non-Declinable
ِ ِ
،‫ مني‬،‫ ك َتابُ َها‬،‫ َن ْح ُن‬،‫ انْت‬،‫ُه َو‬ ِ َ
1 Pronouns ‫ َي ْذ‬،‫ َذ َه ْب ُت ْم‬،‫نَّ َك‬Secondary
ََ ‫َه ُبو‬Endings ِ‫ا‬
‫الض َمائِ ُر‬
Primary Endings Latent Endings
َّ
ُ ‫ِالأ ْع َر‬ ُ ِ
‫اب ال َف ْرع َّية‬
ُ ِ
‫الأ ْع َر‬The dual forms in‫يَّـة‬theseُ ِ
‫التَّ ْقدي ِر‬two
‫اب‬ ِ
ُ ‫ر‬cases
َ ‫الأ ْع‬
ِ
ِ،‫ َه ُؤ َلأء‬،‫ تِ ْل َك‬،‫ ذَال َك‬،‫ َه ِذ ِه‬،‫َه َذا‬
are not ‫ َم ْب ِني‬and are fully
2 Demonstrative Pronouns
‫اَ ْس َما ُء ِالأشَ ا َر ِة‬
‫اُول ِئ َك‬ declinable. E.g, َ‫ا‬ ِ ‫ َها َت‬،َ‫َه َذ ِا‬
3 Relative Pronouns
‫الأَ ْس َما ُء ال َم ْو ُصو َل ُة‬ ‫ الَّ ِذ َين‬،‫ الَّ ِتي‬،‫الَّ ِذي‬ َ‫ اللَّ َت ِا‬،َ‫ اللَّ َذ ِا‬are declinable.
4 Interrogative Nouns
‫اَ ْس َما ُء ِالأ ْستِ ْف َها ِم‬ ََ ‫ َك ْي‬،‫ َم َتى‬،‫ َما‬،‫ اَ ْي َن‬،‫َم ْن‬
5
ِ ‫ اَ ْم‬،‫ َح ْي ُث‬،ََ ‫ الأ‬،‫اِذَا‬
‫س‬
Some Adverbs
ِ ‫ض ال ُّظ ُر‬
‫وف‬ ُ ‫َب ْع‬ In the compound number twelve
‫)اِ ْثـ َنا َع َش َر‬, only the second part is
(
6 Verb-Nouns (Interjections)
‫اَ ْس َما ُء الأَف َع ِال‬ ‫ ا ِه‬،‫ اُف‬،‫ا ِم َين‬ ‫ َم ْب ِني‬, while the first part is ‫ُم ْع َرب‬
‫ الثَّالِ َث َع َش َر‬،‫ تِ ْس َع َة َع َش َر‬،‫اَ َح َد َع َش َر‬
(declinable); i.e.,
‫ اِ ْثـ َنا‬ ‫ُم ْع َرب‬
7 Compound Numbers
‫الأَ ْعدَا ُد ال ُم َر َّك َب ُة‬
‫ َع َش َر‬ ‫َم ْب ِني‬
‫ال َف ْر ِع َّي ُة ‪Secondary Endings -‬‬ ‫ِالأ ْع َر ُ‬
‫اب‬
‫‪Key:‬‬ ‫‪Noun‬‬ ‫اسم‬
‫‪Primary Ending‬‬
‫‪Secondary Ending‬‬
‫‪Non-Declinable‬‬ ‫َم ْبنِي‬ ‫‪Declinable‬‬ ‫ُم ْع َرب‬
‫‪Primary Endings‬‬ ‫‪Secondary Endings‬‬ ‫‪Latent Endings‬‬

‫َع َلا َم ُة ا ْل َجر‬ ‫َع َلا َم ُة النَّ ْص ِب‬ ‫ص َّرلِ َّْفي ُِةع‬ ‫ِالأ ْع َر َ ُع َ‬
‫ابلا َمال ُةأَ ْال‬ ‫اب ال َف ْر ِع َّي ُة‬
‫ِالأ ْع َر ُ‬ ‫اب التَّ ْق ِدي ِريَّ ُة‬
‫ِالأ ْع َر ُ‬
‫ا ْل ََ ْس َر ُة‬ ‫ا ْل ََ ْس َر ُة‬ ‫الض َّم ُة‬

‫َّ‬ ‫‪Sound Feminine Plural‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫َسلَّ ْم ُت َع َلى ال َّطالِ َب ِ‬
‫ات‬ ‫َراَ ْي ُت ال َّطالِ َبا ِت‬ ‫َجا َء ِت ال َّطالِ َب ُ‬
‫ات‬ ‫السالِ ِم‬
‫َج ْم ُع ا ْل ُم َؤن َِّث َّ‬
‫ا ْل َف ْت َح ُة‬ ‫ا ْل َف ْت َح ُة‬ ‫الض َّم ُة‬
‫َّ‬ ‫‪Diptote‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫َسلَّ ْم ُت َع َلى اِ ْب َرا ِهي َم‬ ‫َراَ ْي ُت اِ ْب َرا ِهي َم‬ ‫َجا َء اِ ْب َرا ِهي ُم‬ ‫ا ْل َم ْم ُنو ُع ِم َن َّ‬
‫الص ْر ِف‬
‫‪Only when they‬‬
‫ا ْل َيا ُء‬ ‫ا ْلأَلِ َُ‬ ‫ا ْل َوا ُو‬ ‫‪Five (Special) Nouns‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪are‬‬ ‫‪ُ to‬م َضاف‬
‫َسلَّ ْم ُت َع َلى اَبِـي َح ِامد‬ ‫َراَ ْي ُت اَ َبا َحا ِمد‬ ‫َجا َء اَ ُبو َح ِامد‬ ‫ا ْلأَ ْس َما ُء ا ْل َخ ْم َس ُة‬ ‫‪anything other‬‬
‫‪than‬‬ ‫َيا ُء ا ْل ُم َت ََل ِم‬
‫ا ْل َيا ُء‬ ‫ا ْل َيا ُء‬ ‫ا ْل َوا ُو‬ ‫‪Sound masculine Plural 4‬‬
‫َسلَّ ْم ُت َع َلى ا ْل ُمدَر ِسيـ َن‬ ‫َراَ ْي ُت ا ْل ُمدَر ِسيـ َن‬ ‫َجا َء ا ْل ُمدَر ُسو ََ‬ ‫السالِ ِم‬
‫َج ْم ُع ا ْل ُم َذ َّك ِر َّ‬
‫ا ْل َيا ُء‬ ‫ا ْل َيا ُء‬ ‫ا ْلأَلِ َُ‬ ‫‪Dual‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫َسلَّ ْم ُت َع َلى ا ْل َوالِ َد ْيـنِ‬ ‫َراَ ْي ُت ا ْل َوالِ َد ْيـنِ‬ ‫َجا َء ا ْل َوالِ َدا َِ‬ ‫ا ْل ُم َثـ َّنى‬
‫التَّ ْق ِدي ِريَّـ ُة ‪Latent Endings -‬‬ ‫ِالأ ْع َر ُ‬
‫اب‬
‫‪Key:‬‬ ‫‪Noun‬‬ ‫اسم‬
‫‪Primary Ending‬‬
‫‪Latent Ending‬‬
‫‪Non-Declinable‬‬ ‫َم ْبنِي‬ ‫‪Declinable‬‬ ‫ُم ْع َرب‬
‫ـُ‬
‫‪The latent (estimated) ending is‬‬
‫‪shown in the cloud label‬‬
‫‪Primary Endings‬‬ ‫‪Secondary Endings‬‬ ‫‪Latent Endings‬‬
‫َع َلا َم ُة ا ْل َجر‬ ‫اب الأَ ْصلِ َّي ُة َع َلا َم ُة النَّ ْص ِب‬ ‫اب ال َف ْر ِع َّي ُة َع َلا َم ُة ال َِّر‬
‫الأ ْف ْعِعَر ُ‬ ‫ِالأ ْع َر ُ‬ ‫اب التَّ ْق ِدي ِريَّـ ُة‬
‫ِالأ ْع َر ُ‬
‫ْ‬ ‫ْ‬ ‫ا ْل َف ْت َح ُة ا ْل ُم َق َّد َر ُة‬ ‫الض َّم ُة ا ْل ُم َق َّد َر ُة‬

‫ال ََ ْس َر ُة ال ُم َق َّد َر ُة ـُ‬ ‫َّ‬ ‫‪The Maqsûr‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫ـُ‬ ‫جاء ا ْل َفتى ُـ‬ ‫ا ْل َم ْق ُصو ُر‬
‫َسلَّ ْم ُت َع َلى ا ْل َف َتى‬ ‫َراَ ْي ُت ا ْل َف َتى‬ ‫َ َ َ‬
‫ـُ‬ ‫ا ْل ََ ْس َر ُة ا ْل ُم َق َّد َر ُة‬ ‫ا ْل َف ْت َح ُة‬ ‫الض َّم ُة ا ْل ُم َق َّد َر ُة‬‫َّ‬ ‫‪The Manqûs‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫َسلَّ ْم ُت َع َلى ا ْلق ِ‬
‫َاضي‬ ‫َاض َي‬ ‫َراَ ْي ُت ا ْلق ِ‬ ‫َاضي ـُ‬ ‫َجا َء ا ْلق ِ‬ ‫ا ْل َم ْنق ُ‬
‫ُوص‬
‫ا ْل ََ ْس َر ُة ا ْل ُم َق َّد َر ُة ـُ‬ ‫ْ َ ُ ْ َ َّ‬

‫الف ْت َحة ال ُمقد َر ُة ـُ‬
‫َّ ُ ْ َ َّ‬
‫الض َّمة ال ُمقد َر ُة ـُ‬
‫‪Mudâf of the Ist Person‬‬
‫‪Singular Pronoun‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫َسلَّ ْم ُت َع َلى اُ ْس َتـا ِذي‬ ‫َراَ ْي ُت اُ ْس َتـا ِذي‬ ‫َجا َء اُ ْس َتـا ِذي‬ ‫اف اِ َلى َيا ِء ال ُم َت ََل ِم‬
‫ا ْل ُم َض ُ‬
‫الأُنْـ َثى ‪: It is a noun ending in a long â, e.g.,‬ا ْلم ْقصورُ – ‪The Maqsûr‬‬ ‫الصفَا‪ ،‬ا ْل َف َتى‪ ،‬ا ْل ُم ْس َتشْ فَى‪،‬‬
‫ا ْل َع َصا‪َّ ،‬‬
‫‪: It is a noun ending in an original yâ and the letter before the yâ has a‬ا ْلم ْنقوصُ – ‪The Manqûs‬‬
‫ا ْل َوا ِدي ‪kasrah e.g.,‬‬ ‫َاضي‪ ،‬ا ْل ُم َح ِامي‪،‬‬
‫ا ْلق ِ‬
Summary - Noun Declensions and Non-Declensions
Noun ‫اسم‬
Non-Declinable ‫َم ْبنِي‬ Declinable ‫ُم ْع َرب‬
Pronouns
‫الض َمائِ ُر‬
Primary Endings Secondary Endings Latent Endings
َّ
ُ ‫ِالأ ْع َر‬ ‫اب ال َف ْر ِع َّي ُة‬
ُ ‫ِالأ ْع َر‬ ‫اب التَّ ْق ِدي ِريَّـ ُة‬
ُ ‫ِالأ ْع َر‬
Demonstrative Pronouns
‫اَ ْس َما ُء ِالأشَ ا َر ِة‬ Sound Feminine Plural The Maqsûr
Majority of Arabic nouns
Relative Pronouns belong to this category. ‫السالِ ِم‬
َّ ‫َج ْم ُع ا ْل ُم َؤن َِّث‬ ‫ا ْل َم ْق ُصو ُر‬
‫الأَ ْس َما ُء ال َم ْو ُصو َل ُة‬ Their endings are
considered primary (or Diptote The Manqûs
َّ ‫ا ْل َم ْم ُنو ُع ِم َن‬
‫الص ْر ِف‬ ُ ‫ا ْل َم ْنق‬
‫ُوص‬
Interrogative Nouns original) as they define
‫اَ ْس َما ُء ِالأ ْستِ ْف َها ِم‬ the basic rules of noun
declension. These Mudâf of the Ist Person
Some Adverbs Five (Special) Nouns
ِ ‫ض ال ُّظ ُر‬
‫وف‬ ُ ‫َب ْع‬
endings are:
‫ا ْلأَ ْس َما ُء ا ْل َخ ْم َس ُة‬
Singular Pronoun
‫اف اِ َلى َيا ِء ال ُم َت ََل ِم‬
ُ ‫ا ْل ُم َض‬
Verb-Nouns ‫الض َّم ُة‬
َّ for ‫َم ْرفُوع‬
‫اَ ْس َما ُء الأَف َع ِال‬ Sound masculine Plural
‫ ا ْل َف ْت َح ُة‬for ‫َم ْن ُصوب‬ ‫السالِ ِم‬
َّ ‫َج ْم ُع ا ْل ُم َذ َّك ِر‬
‫ ا ْل ََ ْس َر ُة‬for ‫َم ْج ُرور‬
Compound Numbers
‫الأَ ْعدَا ُد ال ُم َر َّك َب ُة‬ Dual
‫ا ْل ُم َثـ َّنى‬
ِ ‫اب ا ْل َم ْنقُو‬
Declension of the deficient - ‫ص‬ ُ ‫ا ِ ْع َر‬
The deficient – ُ‫ا ْلم ْنقوص‬: It is a noun ending in an original yâ and the letter before the yâ has a kasrah
The
judge
ِ ‫ا ْلق‬
‫َاضي‬
‫َع َلا َم ُة ا ْل َجر‬ ‫َع َلا َم ُة النَّ ْص ِب‬ ‫َع َلا َم ُة ال َّر ْف ِع‬
‫ا ْل ََ ْس َر ُة ا ْل ُم َق َّد َر ُة‬ ‫ا ْل َف ْت َح ُة‬ ‫الض َّم ُة ا ْل ُم َق َّد َر ُة‬
َّ Decorated
ُ‫ـ‬ ُ‫ـ‬ ‫ا ْلـ‬
ِ ‫َسلَّ ْم ُت َع َلى ا ْلق‬
‫َاضي‬ ِ ‫َراَ ْي ُت ا ْلق‬
‫َاض َي‬ ِ ‫َجا َء ا ْلق‬
‫َاضي‬ with
‫ا ْل ََ ْس َر ُة ا ْل ُم َق َّد َر ُة َع َلى ا ْل َيا ِء ا ْل َم ْح ُذو َف ِة‬ ‫ا ْل َف ْت َح ُة‬ ‫الض َّم ُة ا ْل ُم َق َّد َر ُة َع َلى ا ْل َيا ِء ا ْل َم ْح ُذو َف ِة‬
َّ
ُ‫سلَّمت َع َلى َقاض ي‬ ِ ‫َراَ ْي ُت َق‬ ُ‫جاء َقاض ي‬ ‫َت ْن ِوين‬
‫اض ًيا‬
With
ُ ْ َ َ َ
ُ‫ـ‬ ‫ا ْل ََ ْس َر ُة ا ْل ُم َق َّد َر ُة‬ ‫ا ْل َف ْت َح ُة‬ ُ‫الض َّم ُة ا ْل ُم َق َّد َر ُة ـ‬
َّ
ِ ‫َراَ ْي ُت َق‬ ِ ‫َجا َء َق‬ ‫ُم َضاف‬
ِ ‫َسلَّ ْم ُت َع َلى َق‬
‫اضي َم ََّ َة‬ ‫اض َي َم ََّ َة‬ ‫اضي َم ََّ َة‬
As
‫ا ْل َها ِدي‬ ‫ا ْل َم َعانِي‬ ‫ا ْل َوا ِدي‬ ِ ‫ا ْل َم‬

‫اضي‬ ‫الثَّانِي‬ ‫ا ْل ُم َح ِامي‬ More examples
The Guide The meaning The valley The past The second The lawyer of ‫منقوص‬
Key: Primary Ending Latent Ending ُ‫ـ‬ The latent (estimated) ending is shown in the cloud label
Qur’anic Arabic Notes – Level 3 (v. 10) | info@lqmississauga.com | www.lqmississauga.com | © LQ Mississauga

ِ ‫ا ْل َم ْنقُو‬
Nunnation of the Manqûs - ‫ص‬ ‫ين‬
ُ ‫َت ْن ِو‬
The ‫ َم ْنقُوص‬loses its terminal ya (‫)ي‬, when it has the ‫ َت ْنوِين‬and it is in ‫ َم ْرفُوع‬or ‫ج ُرور‬
ْ ‫ َم‬case, but not when it is in the
‫ َم ْن ُصوب‬case. This happens for ease of pronunciation.
ُ‫ي‬
‫َجا َء َقاض‬ ‫َقاض‬ ِ ‫َق‬
‫اضـ ْن‬ ِ ‫اضـ ُي ْـن َق‬
‫اضـ ُي ْـن‬ ِ ‫َق‬ ِ ‫َق‬
‫اضي‬ ‫َم ْرفُوع‬
‫ َع َلا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّمة ُم َق َّد َرة َع َلى‬،‫ف َِاعل َم ْرفُوع‬ The nun then is attached to the The ya is dropped in this case Writing the ‫ َت ْنوِين‬in the
‫ا ْل َيا ِء ا ْل َم ْح ُذو َف ِة‬ previous letter, which has a kasrah for ease of pronunciation
expanded form
ُ‫ي‬
‫َسلَّ ْم ُت َع َلى َقاض‬ ‫َقاض‬ ِ ‫َق‬
‫اضـ ْن‬ ِ ‫اضـيِ ْـن َق‬
‫اضـيِ ْـن‬ ِ ‫َق‬ ِ ‫َق‬
‫اضي‬ ‫َم ْج ُرور‬
‫ َع َلا َم ُة َجر ِه ك َْس َرة ُم َق َّد َرة‬،)‫َم ْج ُرور بِـ ( َع َلى‬
‫َع َلى ا ْل َيا ِء ا ْل َم ْح ُذو َف ِة‬
ِ ‫َراَ ْي ُت َق‬
‫اض ًيا‬ The terminal ya is not dropped
when the ‫ َم ْنقُوص‬is in ‫ َم ْن ُصوب‬case ِ ‫َم ْن ُصوب َق‬
‫اض ًيا‬
‫ َع َلا َم ُة َن ْصبِ ِه َف ْت َحة‬،‫َم ْف ُعول َب ِه َم ْن ُصوب‬
Please note that a noun ending with ‫ش َّد ُد‬

َ ‫ال ُم‬ ‫( ال َي ُاء‬i.e. a ya with a ‫ شَ دَّة‬on it, is not a manqûs, hence it does not lose its ya, e.g. ‫ُك ْر ِسي‬
Qur’anic Arabic Notes – Level 3 (v. 10) | info@lqmississauga.com | www.lqmississauga.com | © LQ Mississauga
ُ َّ‫الش‬
‫رط‬
And when they hear ill speech, they turn away from it.
(28:55)
﴾٥٥:‫﴿القصص‬ ...‫َو ا ِ َذا َس ِم ُعوا ِللَّ ْغ َو اَ ْع َر ُضوا َع ْن ُه‬
ِ َّ‫اب الش‬ ُ َّ‫الش‬ ِ َّ‫اَ َدا ُة الش‬
‫رط‬
‫رط‬ ُ ‫َج َو‬ ‫رط‬
Instrument of
the Condition
Answer to the ِ َّ‫اب الش‬
‫رط‬ ُ ‫َج َو‬
ِ َّ‫الش‬
▪ In this example ‫ ا ِذا‬is ‫رط‬ ‫اَ َدا ُة‬
ِ َّ‫ اَ َدا ُة الش‬signifies a ‫شَ رط‬
‫رط‬
‫اِ َذا َس ِم ُعوا ِللَّ ْغ َو اَ ْع َر ُضوا َع ْن ُه‬
Condition
▪
▪ In this example ‫ اَ ْع َر ُضوا َعن ُه‬is ‫اب‬
ُ ‫َج َو‬ (conditional clause), and there are
ِ َّ‫الش‬
‫رط‬ ِ َّ‫ات الش‬
many ‫رط‬ ُ ‫( اَ َد َو‬instruments of
ِ َّ‫اب الش‬
▪ ‫رط‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬can be a nominal or
ِ َّ‫فِع ُل الش‬
condition)
Verb of the ‫رط‬ ِ َّ‫الش‬
▪ Generally ‫رط‬ ‫ اَ َدا ُة‬belongs to one
verbal sentence.
ِ َّ‫ اَ َدا ُة الش‬is ‫جازِم‬, ‫فِعل‬
Condition
▪ If ‫رط‬ َ than ‫ُم َضارِع‬ of two categories:
ِ َّ‫الش‬
▪ In this example ‫ َس ِم ُعوا‬is ‫رط‬ ‫فِع ُل‬ o ‫جازِم‬
َ : Ones, which change the
will become ‫َمج ُزوم‬
ِ َّ‫ فِع ُل الش‬will always be ‫فِعل َماض‬
▪ ‫رط‬ ِ َّ‫الش‬
ُ َّ‫ الش‬and ‫رط‬
verb in ‫رط‬ ‫اب‬
ِ َّ‫الش‬
▪ ‫رط‬ ‫اب‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬is prefixed with a < ‫>فـ‬, ُ ‫ َج َو‬,
if it meets certain conditions. E.g., if
or ‫ضارِع‬ َ ‫فِعل ُم‬ to ‫َمج ُزوم‬
it is a nominal sentence or there is َ than ‫فِعل‬
ِ َّ‫ اَ َدا ُة الش‬is ‫جازِم‬,
▪ If ‫رط‬ o ‫جازِم‬
َ ‫ غَي ُر‬: Ones, which do not
‫ َطـ َلب‬in it. For a complete list, see ‫ ُم َضارِع‬will become ‫َمج ُزوم‬ change the verbs in ‫رط‬ ُ َّ‫ الش‬and
subsequent pages
ِ َّ‫اب الش‬ ِ َّ‫اب الش‬
‫رط‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬, to ‫ َمج ُزوم‬. ‫ا ِذا‬
▪ If ‫رط‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬is prefixed with a < ‫>فـ‬
‫ فِعل‬is not made ‫ َمج ُزوم‬,
belongs to this group
the ‫ضارِع‬
َ ‫ُم‬ )‫) اَ َمر (فِع ُل اَمر اَو َلأ ُم اَمر‬١ ِ َّ‫ اَ َدا ُة الش‬changes the meaning of
▪ ‫رط‬
ِ َّ‫ اَ َدا ُة الش‬is ‫َجازِم‬
even if the ‫رط‬ )‫) َن ِهى ( َلأ النَّا ِه َّي ُة‬٢ ِ َّ‫اب الش‬
ُ َّ‫ الش‬and ‫رط‬
‫رط‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬to future,
‫فهام‬ َ ِ‫) ا ِست‬٣ even if the verbs are ‫فِعل َماض‬
See subsequent pages for more details

ِ َّ‫ات الش‬
Instruments of Condition - ‫رط‬ ُ ‫اَ َد َو‬
ِ َّ‫الش‬
Two categories of ‫رط‬ ُ ‫اَ َد َو‬
‫ات‬
“When Our verses are
recited to him, he says,
۱
‫ا ِ َذا‬ ‫َغي ُر َجازِم‬
Neither of the two verbs
ُ َّ‫ فِع ُل الش‬or ‫رط‬
"Legends of the former
(‫رط‬ ُ ‫ ) َج َو‬is
peoples."” (68:15)
﴾١٥:‫﴿القلم‬ ‫اِذَا تُ ْت َلى َع َل ْي ِه ا َياتُ َنا قَالَ اَ َس ِاطي ُر ا ْلأَ َّو لِ َين‬ made ‫َمج ُزوم‬
If, When
۲ ُ ‫الشَّ ر‬
Both the verbs (‫ط‬ ‫فِع ُل‬
If you go,
‫اَِ َتذ َه ْب اَذ َه ْب‬ َِ‫ا‬ ‫َجازِم‬ ِ َّ‫الش‬
and ‫رط‬ ‫اب‬
ُ ‫ ) َج َو‬are made
I (will) go
If ‫ َمج ُزوم‬.
‫َمج ُزوم‬
‫َمن‬ ‫اَ ُّي‬
ِ‫( َتج ِز ُم فِع َلين‬It makes two
Whoever Whichever
verbs ‫) َمج ُزوم‬
Whatever you
‫َما َتش َر ْب اَش َر ْب‬ ‫َما‬ ‫اَي َن َما‬/‫اَ َين‬
drink, I (will) drink
Whatever Wherever
‫َمج ُزوم‬ ‫َم َتى‬ ‫َمه َما‬

Whenever Whatever

ِ َّ‫ات الش‬
Instruments of Condition - ‫رط‬ ُ ‫اَ َد َو‬
‫الج َّن ِة‬ ُ ‫اِذَا َج َاء َر َم َضا َُ فُ ِت َح ْت اَب َو‬

When Ramadan
comes, doors of the
َ ‫اب‬ ‫اِذَا‬ ‫َغي ُر َجازِم‬
Paradise are opened
“if you support Allah, He will

ِ‫َتج ِز ُم فِع َلين‬
support you and plant firmly
your feet” (47:7) ﴾٧:‫﴿محمد‬ ُ ‫نص ُروا اللَّـ َه َي‬
‫نص ْر ُك ْم َو ُي َثـب ْت اَ ْقدَا َم َُ ْم‬ ُ ‫اِ َْ َت‬
َِ‫ا‬ ‫َجازِم‬ Whenever you travel,
‫َف َم ْن َيع َم ْل ِمثقَالَ َذ َّرة َخي ًرا َي َر ُه‬

I (will) travel
“Whoever does an atom’s weight of
good, shall see it” (99:7)﴾٧:‫﴿الزلزلة‬
‫َمن‬ ‫َم َتى‬ ‫َم َتى تُ َسافِـ ْر اُسافِـ ْر‬
“And whatever good you do, Allah
‫َو َما َت ْف َعلُوا ِم ْن َخ ْير َي ْع َل ْم ُه اللَّـ ُه‬ ‫َما‬ ‫اَي َن َما‬/‫اَ َين‬ Wherever you stay, I
knows it” (2:197) ﴾١٩٧:‫﴿البقرة‬ (will) stay (there)
‫َا ُّي‬ ‫َمه َما‬
‫اَ َين َتس َُ ْن اَس َُ ْن‬
Whichever dictionary we find
in the bookshop, we will buy it
‫عجم َن ِج ْد ُه فِي ال َمَ َت َب ِة َنش َتـ ِر ِه‬
َ ‫اَ َّي ُم‬
Whatever you say,
we believe you
‫َمه َما َت ُق ْل نُ َصد ْق َك‬
‫َمج ُزوم‬

‫رط‬ ِ ‫ُد ُخولُ الفَا ِء َع َلى َج َو‬
‫رط‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬should be preceded with ‫فَـ‬, if it meets certain conditions.
For example, if ‫رط‬ ِ َّ‫اب الش‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬is a ‫ ُجم َلة اِس ِم َّية‬, it will be preceded with a ‫فَـ‬
‫رط‬ ُ ‫َج َو‬ ُ َّ‫الش‬
‫رط‬
‫َو اِ َذا َساَ َل َك ِع َبا ِدي َعني َفــ ِـاني َق ِريب‬

“And if My slave asks you
about Me, than surely I am
near (2:186)” ﴾١٨٦:‫﴿البقرة‬
ِ َّ‫الش‬
Also, if ‫رط‬ َ ‫ اِس ِت‬،‫ َن ِهي‬،‫)اَ َمر‬, it will be preceded with a ‫فَـ‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬contains a ‫فهام( َط َلب‬
‫اب‬
‫رط‬ ُ ‫َج َو‬ ُ َّ‫الش‬
‫رط‬
If I see Bilal, what should

I tell him
‫يت بِ َلا ًلأ َفــ َما َذا اَقُولُ َل ُه ؟‬
ُ َ‫اِ َذا َرا‬
ِ َّ‫الش‬
There are other conditions which require ‫رط‬ ‫اب‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬to be preceded
with ‫فَـ‬. These are described in subsequent pages.
‫رط‬ ِ َّ‫اب الش‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬should be preceded with ‫فَـ‬, if it (‫رط‬ ُ ‫ ) َج َو‬meets one of the following conditions:
“Whoever obeys Allah and His
messenger, has indeed achieved
a great success” (33:71) ﴾٧١:‫﴿الأحزاب‬ ‫َو َمن ُي ِط ْع اللَّ َه َو َر ُسو َل ُه فَـــقَد فَا َز َفو ًزا َع ِظي ًما‬
Whoever deceives us, is not
‫ُجم َلة اِس ِم َّية‬

one of us
‫َسـ‬ ‫َق ْد‬ ‫س ِم َّنا‬
If you travel, I will (also)
َ ‫َمن َغشَّ َنا فَـــ َلي‬

travel
‫اَِ تُ َسافِ ْر فَــ َسـاُ َسافِ ُر‬
‫وف‬ َ ‫َس‬ ‫َكاَنَّ َما‬ ‫فِعل َج ِامد‬ If you see Hamid, ask him
about the time of departure
Whatever the circumstances be, I do not
lie ‫َما النَّافِ َّي ُة‬ ‫َلن‬ ‫َط َلـ ِبـ َّيـة‬ ‫يت َحا ِم ًدا فَـــساَ ْلــ ُه‬
َ َ‫اِذَا َرا‬
‫وف فَــ َما اَك ِذ ُب‬
ُ ‫َمه َما َت َُن ال ُّظ ُر‬ ‫اَمر َن ِهي اِس ِتف َهام‬ ِ ‫َعن َم‬
َّ ‫وع ِد‬
‫السف ِر‬
Whoever puts on silk (dress) in this world, will not put it on in the If you find the patient sleeping, don’t wake him up
‫الح ِري َر فِي ال ُّدن َيا فَــ َل ْن َيل َب َس ُه فِي الأ ِخ َر ِة‬
َ ‫س‬ َ ‫َمن َل ِب‬ ‫يضا َنائِ ًما فَـــ َلا تُ ِوق ْظ ُه‬ َ ‫اِذَا َو َج‬
ً ‫دت َم ِر‬
Hereafter
‫ فِعل َج ِامد‬is a verb having only one form, e.g. ‫ َع َسى‬،‫يس‬

َ ‫ َل‬. These have no ‫ ُم َضارِع‬or ‫اَ َمر‬
ِ َّ‫الش‬
Once ‫رط‬ ‫اب‬ ِ َّ‫ اَ َدا ُة الش‬is ‫َجازِم‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬is preceded with ‫فَـ‬, its verb will not be ‫ َمج ُزوم‬even if ‫رط‬
‫َمرفُوع‬ ‫َمج ُزوم‬ ِ‫ َتجـ ِز ُم فِع َلين‬،‫ َجازِم‬،‫رط‬

ِ َّ‫اَ َدا ُة الش‬
If you travel, I will (also) travel ‫اَِ تُ َسافِ ْر فَــ َسـاُ َسافِ ُر‬
ِ َّ‫الش‬
In this case, the whole ‫رط‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬is said to be ‫فِي َم َحل َجزم‬
‫اب‬
If, in the above example, ‫سـ‬was not used in the ‫رط‬ ِ َّ‫اب الش‬ُ ‫ َج َو‬, it will cause ‫ فَـ‬to be dropped, which
will result in the verb in ِ َّ‫اب الش‬
‫رط‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬to be ‫ َمج ُزوم‬, as shown below:
‫َمج ُزوم َمج ُزوم‬ ِ‫ َتجـ ِز ُم فِع َلين‬،‫ َجازِم‬،‫رط‬
ِ َّ‫اَ َدا ُة الش‬
If you travel, I (will also) travel ‫اَِ تُ َسافِ ْر اُ َسافِ ْر‬

The Absolute Object – ‫ال َمف ُعولُ ال ُمط َل ُق‬
Bilal beat me
a beating ‫َض َر َب ِني بِ َلال َض ْر ًبا‬
‫ ال َمف ُعو ُل ال ُمط َل ُق‬is a ‫ َمصدَر‬of the verb occurring in the sentence used along with the
verb, for the sake of emphasis. It is always ‫نصوب‬ ُ ‫ َم‬.
Four Uses of ‫ال ُمط َل ُق‬ ُ‫ال َمف ُعول‬
‫لِ َب َي ِاَ ال َع َد ِد‬ ‫لِ َتاْ ِكي ِد ال َم ْع َنى‬
The book was printed And Allah spoke to Mûsâ
twice directly ﴾١٦٤:‫﴿النساء‬
ِ‫اب َطب َع َتين‬ ِ ‫طُ ِب َـع‬

ُ ‫الَ َت‬ ‫وسى َتَ ِلي ًما‬
َ ‫َو َكلَّ َم اللَّ ُه ُم‬
To specify the To emphasize the
number meaning
‫ال َمص َد ُر النَّائِ ُب‬ ‫لِ َب َي ِاَ النَّو ِع‬

I thank He died the death of
Here the ‫ َمصدَر‬is you martyrs
a substitute for ‫شُ َ ًرا‬ ‫َعن فِع ِل ِه‬ ‫وت الشُّ َهدَا ِء‬
َ ‫ات َم‬
َ ‫َم‬
the verb ‫اَش َُ ُر‬
,
To specify the type
of action
As a substitute for
which is omitted its verb
In this case, only the ‫ َمصدَر‬is used and the verb is omitted
Deputies of the Masdar – ‫اب َع ِن ال َمص َد ِر‬
َ ‫َما َن‬
The following words deputize for ‫ َمصدَر‬and are therefore ‫نصوب‬
ُ ‫ َم‬. These are grammatically
regarded as ‫ال ُمط َل ُق‬ ُ‫ال َمف ُعول‬.
۲ ‫ع َدده‬ ۱
ُُ َ Flog them eighty stripes
﴾٤:‫﴿النور‬
I know him fully well
‫عض َواَ ُّي ُم َضا َف ًة ا ِ َلى ال َمص َد ِر‬
ُ ‫ُك ُّل َو َب‬
‫فَاج ِلدُو ُهم ثَ َمانِ َين َجل َد ًة‬ ‫اَع ِرفُ ُه ُك َّل ال َمع ِر َف ِة‬ ‫ اَ ُّي‬،‫عض‬
ُ ‫ َب‬،‫ ُك ُّل‬with the ‫ َمصدَر‬as their
A number with the Words
‫ َمصدَر‬as its ‫َتميِيز‬
‫ُم َضاف ا ِ َلي ِه‬
٤ ‫ اِسم المص َد ِر‬Hewords
spoke to me harsh
‫ ِص َف ُت ُه‬۳
َ ُ ‫َكلَّ َم ِني َك َلا ًما شَ ِديدًا‬ This is for
I understood the
lesson very well
‫َّرس َفه ًما َجيدًا‬ ُ ‫َف ِه‬

َ ‫مت الد‬ ُ ‫َف ِه‬
َ ‫مت ال َّد‬
‫رس َجيدًا‬ An adjective of
Do you accord me this kind of the ‫ َمصدَر‬, which
٦ِ reception?
‫اَ َتس َتق ِبلُ ِني َه َذا ِالأس ِتق َبالَ ؟ اِس ُم ِالأشَ ا َرة‬
itself is omitted
ِ‫ َمصدَر ُي َل ِاقي ِه فِي ِالأش ِت َقاق‬٥

And you love wealth with an
abounding love ﴾٢٠:‫﴿الفجر‬
A demonstrative pronoun َ ‫َوتُ ِح ُّب‬

‫وَ ال َمالَ ُح ابا َج اما‬
with the ‫ َمصدَر‬as its ‫َبدَل‬ The cognate ‫َمصدَر‬
٨ ِ I worked hard in a way nobody else did

ِ َ ِ ِ ِ ٧
‫ُم َرادفُ ُه‬ ُ ‫َضمي ُر ُه ال َعائ ُد اليه اِج َت َه‬
I lived a happy life
ُ ‫ِع‬
‫شت َح َيا ًة َس ِعي َد ًة‬ ‫دت اِج ِت َها ًدا َلم َيج َت ِه ْد ُه َغيرِي‬
A synonym of A pronoun referring
the ‫َمصدَر‬ See subsequent pages for more on these topics to the ‫َمصدَر‬
ِ ‫َمصدَر ُي َلا ِقي ِه** فِي ِالأش ِتق‬
‫َاق‬
The Cognate* Masdar – ***
A cognate masdar is one which is not the masdar of the verb used in the sentence, but it is
related to the verb in its common root. The following two situations apply:
‫ال َمص َد ُر‬ ‫ال ِفع ُل‬ ۲ ‫ال َمص َد ُر‬ ‫ال ِفع ُل‬ ۱
‫ثُ َلاثِي َمزِيد فِي ِه‬ ‫ثُ َلاثِي َمزِيد فِي ِه‬ ‫ثُ َلاثِي ُم َج َّرد‬ ‫ثُ َلاثِي َمزِيد فِي ِه‬
From two different forms
And devote yourself to Him with And you love wealth with an
complete devotion abounding love ﴾٢٠:‫﴿الفجر‬
﴾٨:‫﴿المزمل‬ ‫َو َتـ َبـتَّـ ْل اِ َلي ِه َتـبـ ِتـيـ ًلا‬ َ ‫َوتُ ِح ُّب‬
‫وَ ال َمالَ ُح ابا َج اما‬
‫ َبـتَّـ َل ُيـ َبـتـ ُل‬Form II ‫ َتـ َبـ َّتـ َل َيـ َتـ َبـ َّتـ ُل‬Form V ‫)ثُ َلاثِي ُم َج َّرد( َح َّب َي ِح ُّب‬ ‫ اَ َح َّب ُي ِح ُّب‬Form IV
Masdar: ‫َتـ ْبـ ِتـ ْيـل‬ Masdar: ‫َتـ َبـ ُّتـل‬ Masdar: ‫حب‬ ُ Masdar: ‫اِح َباب‬
Root: ‫ب ت ل‬ Root: ‫ب ت ل‬ Root: ‫ح ب ب‬ Root: ‫ح ب ب‬
Common root Common root
* ***
cog-nate - \ˈkäg-ˌnāt\ : word related to another by common root ‫( لاقىُيلاقي‬Form III): To
**
ُ‫ اشتقاق‬: Derivation
meet
‫اِس ُم ال َمص َد ِر‬
It is a word that has the same meaning as the masdar but has fewer letters than the masdar. Every
verb has a masdar. But in the derived forms of verbs, i.e. ‫ َمزِيد فِي ِه‬, there could be ‫ اِس ُم ال َمص َد ِر‬along
with the regular masdar. Mostly Form II has ‫ال َمص َد ِر‬ ‫ اِس ُم‬on the pattern of ‫ َف َعال‬along with its
regular masdar on the pattern of ‫ َتـ ْفـ ِعـ ْيـل‬.
ِ‫اِس ُم ال َمص َدر‬ ‫ال َمص َد ُر‬ ‫ال ِفع ُل‬

‫َس َلام‬ ‫َت ْسلِ ْيم‬ ‫َسلَّ َم ُي َسل ُم‬
َ‫اَذَا‬ ‫َتاْ ِذين‬ َُ ‫اَ َّذ ََ ُيـ َؤذ‬
‫َو َداع‬ ‫َت ْو ِديع‬ ‫َو َّد َع ُي َود ُع‬
‫َع َلى َو ِزَ َفـ َعال‬ ‫َط َلاق‬ ‫َت ْطلِـ ْيق‬ ‫َطـلَّ َـق ُي َطـل ُـق‬
‫َك َلام‬ ‫َت َْلِيم‬ ‫كَـلَّ َم ُي ََـل ُم‬ Form II
‫َمـ َتـاع‬ ‫َت ْمـ ِتـي ْــع‬ ‫َمـ َّت َـع ُيـ َمـت ُـع‬
‫َص َلاة‬ ‫َت ْصلِ َية‬ ‫َصلَّى ُي َصلي‬
‫َع َلى َو ِزَ فُـ ْعـ َلـة‬ ‫قُـ ْبـ َلة‬ ‫َتـ ْقبِيـل‬ ‫قَـ َّبـ َل ُيـقَـب ُل‬
‫َع َلى َو ِزَ فُـ ُعول‬ ‫ُو ُضوء‬ ‫َتـ َو ُّضـؤ‬ ُ‫َت َو َّضاَ َيـ َتـ َو َّضا‬ Form V
Number of letters in each word: 4 5

The Oath – ‫الق ََس ُم‬
One of the important topics in Arabic is the Qasam ‫الق ََس ُم‬: taking an oath to emphasize a point, a matter,
or a statement, etc. It has its own rules.
The following are the instruments of Qasam used to commence an oath:
‫ِقسام‬
َ ‫ ا‬is not used frequently. ِ ‫ ُي‬/ ‫قس َم‬
‫ـقس ُم‬ َ َ‫ا‬
The word
Instead ‫ق ََسم‬, which is its ِ‫اس ُم ال َمص َدر‬, is
‫ِقسام‬
ِ ُ‫ ا‬۱
‫قس ُم بِـ‬ ‫َف َلا اُ ْق ِس ُم بِـ َرب ِ ْل َمشَ ـر ِِق َوِ ْل َمغَـر ِِب‬
used more often. َ ‫ ا‬:‫َمصدَر‬ ﴾٤٠:‫وَ ﴿المعارج‬ َ ‫اِنَّا َلقَـ ِد ُر‬
‫َو‬ ۲ ‫َوال َعص ِر اِ ََّ ِ ْل ِأ َنسـ َن َل ِفى ُخ ْسر‬
﴾٢ ‫ـ‬١:‫﴿العصر‬
These 3 particles are also used to commence an oath and
act as ‫جر‬
َ ‫وف‬
ُ ‫ ُح ُر‬, so the noun after them is ‫ َمج ُرور‬. They
deputize for the verb ِ ُ‫ا‬, which itself is not mentioned
‫قس ُم‬ ‫بِـ‬ ۳ َ ‫َوقَالُو۟ا بِــ ِع َّز ِة فِ ْر َع ْو ََ اِنَّا َل َن ْح ُن ِ ْلغَـلِ ُب‬
َ‫و‬
﴾٤٤:‫﴿الشعراء‬
This particle is only used with ‫ الله‬and ‫ب‬ ‫َتـ‬ ٤ ... ‫َو َتــٱللَّـ ِه َلأَ ِكي َد ََّ اَ ْص َنـ َم َُم‬
ّ ‫َر‬ ﴾٥٧:‫﴿الأنبياء‬
ِ ُ‫ ا‬is used to negate any idea, notion,

This ‫ َلأ‬is not related to the ‫ ق ََسم‬. ‫ َلأ‬is by itself. The ‫ َلأ‬before the ‫قس ُم‬
thought or opinion in the minds of the listener(s) being addressed. The person initiating an oath uses ‫َلأ‬
before the instrument of oath to spell out that the matter is not as you think, but rather it is what he will
state after taking the ‫ق ََسم‬. ( ‫ َلأ َوالل ِه‬/ ‫قس ُم بِالل ِه‬
ِ ُ‫) َلأ ا‬. In the Qur’an, ‫قس ُم بِـ‬
ِ ُ‫ َلأ ا‬has been used 8 times. Even in
everyday conversations, one may hear ‫َوالل ِه‬ ‫َلأ‬
‫اب الق ََس ِم‬
ُ ‫َج َو‬
The ‫َس ُم‬
َ ‫ الق‬requires ‫الق ََس ِم‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬, which may be ‫الجم َل ُة ِالأس ِم َّي ُة‬
‫اب‬ ُ or ‫الجم َل ُة ال ِفعلِ َّي ُة‬
ُ . ‫اب الق ََس ِم‬
ُ ‫ج َو‬,
َ as a rule, requires
emphasis. There are instruments of emphasis, which one must understand to fully appreciate the power &
force of ‫َس ِم‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬. We will study the instruments of emphasis on the next few pages, ‫اَ شاء اللّه‬
َ ‫اب الق‬
‫اب ال َق َس ِم‬
ُ ‫َج َو‬
‫الجم َل ُة ال ِفعلِ َّي ُة‬

ُ ‫الجم َل ُة ِالأس ِم َّي ُة‬
ُ
‫فِع ُل َها ُم َضارِع‬ ‫فِع ُل َها َماض‬ neg ‫ال َمن ِف ُّي‬ ‫ال ُمث َب ُت‬
ative positive
No Requires
‫ال َمن ِف ُّي‬ ‫ال َمن ِف ُّي‬

emphasis emphasis
neg ‫ال ُمث َب ُت‬ neg ‫ال ُمث َب ُت‬ required
ative positive ative positive
No Requires No Requires The sentence in ‫م‬
ِ ‫الق ََس‬ ‫اب‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬can be either
emphasis emphasis emphasis emphasis
required required 1. ‫( ال ُمث َب ُت‬positive) or
2. ‫( ال َمن ِف ُّي‬negative) . The negative sentence
has particles like ‫ َما‬،‫َلأ‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬when it is ‫ال ُجم َل ُة ِالأس ِم َّي ُة‬
Instruments of Emphasis in ‫اب الق ََسم‬
ُ ‫َج َو‬
When ‫َس ِم‬

َ ‫الق‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬is ‫الجم َل ُة ِالأس ِم َّي ُة ال ُمثـ َبـ َتـ ُة‬
‫اب‬ ُ , it is emphasized using one of the following ‫الجم َل ُة ِالأس ِم َّي ُة‬
ُ
‫الجم َل ُة ال ِفعلِي ُة‬
three instruments of emphasis
َّ ُ
Examples Instrument of Emphasis
ِ ‫َوا ْل َِ َت‬
‫ اِنَّــا َج َع ْل َنا ُه قُ ْرا ًنا َع َر بِ ايا لَّ َعلَّ َُ ْم‬. ِ‫اب ا ْل ُمبِين‬ ََّ ِ‫ ا‬١ ‫ال ُمث َب ُت‬
﴾٣ ‫ـ‬٢:‫وَ ﴿الزخرف‬ َ ُ‫َت ْع ِقل‬ It is used in the Qur’an but less frequently positive
... ‫ِلض َحى َوِلَّ ْيلِ اِذَا َس َجى‬ ُّ ‫َو‬ ‫ َلأ ُم ِالأبـتِدَا ِء‬٢
Requires
emphasis
﴾٤ ‫ـ‬١:‫اخ َر ُة َخ ْير لَّ َك ِم َن ِ ْلأُو َلى ﴿الضحى‬ ِ ‫َو َلــ ْل َـ‬ It is used in the Qur’an but less frequently
neg ‫ال َمن ِف ُّي‬
﴾٢ ‫ـ‬١:‫نسـ َن َل ِفى ُخ ْسر ﴿العصر‬ َ ‫َوال َعص ِر ا ِ ََّ ِ ْل ِأ‬ ‫ اِ ََّ َوال َّلا ُم ال ُم َزح َل َق ُة‬٣ ative
﴾٤ ‫ـ‬١:‫ ا ِ ََّ َس ْع َي َُ ْم َلشَ تَّى ﴿الليل‬... ‫َوِلَّ ْي ِل اِذَا َيغْشَ ى‬ They are used most frequently in the No
Qur’an for ‫َس ِم‬
َ ‫اب الق‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬. The combination of emphasis
َ ِ‫ ا ِ ََّ َوال َّلا ُم ال ُم َزح َل َق ُة يس َوِ ْل ُق ْر َء ِاَ ِ ْل َح َِي ِم اِنَّ َك َل ِم َن ِ ْل ُم ْر َسل‬brings greater and
﴾٣ ‫ـ‬١:‫ين ﴿يس‬ required
َ ‫َوقَالُو۟ا بِــ ِع َّز ِة فِ ْر َع ْو ََ اِنَّا َل َن ْح ُن ِ ْلغَـلِ ُب‬

﴾٤٤:‫وَ ﴿الشعراء‬ stronger emphasis than either 1 or 2,
above, used by itself

َ ‫الق‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬is a ‫ال ُجم َل ُة ِالأس ِم َّي ُة ال َمـنـ ِفـ َّيـ ُة‬,
‫اب‬ َ ‫َ َوِ ْل َق َل ِم َو َما َي ْس ُط ُر‬
َ‫و‬
no emphasis is required ﴾٢ ‫ـ‬١:‫نت بِنِ ْع َم ِة َرب َك بِ َم ْج ُنوَ ﴿القلم‬ َ َ‫َما ا‬
‫اب الق ََسم ‪Instruments of Emphasis in‬‬
‫ُ‬ ‫و‬
‫َ‬ ‫ج‬
‫َ‬ ‫‪when‬‬ ‫‪it‬‬ ‫‪is‬‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ة‬ ‫ي‬
‫َّ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ف‬ ‫ال ُجم َل ُة ال‬
‫َج َو ُ‬ ‫َس ِم ‪When‬‬
‫الق َ‬ ‫‪, it is emphasized‬ال ُجم َل ُة ال ِفعلِ َّي ُة فِعلُ َها َماض ُمثـ َبـت ‪َ is‬ج َو ُ‬
‫اب‬
‫َل َق ْد ‪using‬‬
‫الجم َل ُة ال ِفعلِ َّي ُة‬ ‫الجم َل ُة ِالأس ِم َّي ُة‬

‫‪Examples‬‬ ‫‪Instrument of‬‬
‫ُ‬ ‫‪ُ Emphasis‬‬
‫َوِلتينِ َوِل َّز ْي ُت ِوَ َوطُورِ ِسينِ َين ‪...‬‬ ‫َل َق ْد‬
‫نسـ َن فِى اَ ْح َسنِ َت ْقوِيم ﴿التين‪١:‬ـ ‪﴾٤‬‬
‫َل َق ْد َخ َل ْق َنا ِ ْل ِأ َ‬ ‫َلـ‪:‬ال َّلا ُم فِي َج َو ِ‬
‫اب الق ََس ِم‬
‫فِع ُل َها ُم َضارِع‬ ‫فِع ُل َها َماض‬ ‫رف َتحال ِق َمنيق ِف ُّي‪ neg‬ال ُمث َب ُت‬
‫قَد‪َ :‬ح ُ‬
‫‪positive‬‬ ‫‪ative‬‬
‫‪َ , it means‬ل َق ْد ‪Please remember when a sentence commences with‬‬
‫م ‪that it is‬‬
‫اب الق ََس ِ‬
‫‪ is latent‬الق ََس ُم ‪َ and‬ج َو ُ‬
‫‪Requires‬‬ ‫‪No‬‬
‫‪(present but invisible). Here‬‬
‫ال َمن ِف ُّي‬ ‫ال َمن ِف ُّي‬
‫‪emphasis‬‬ ‫‪emphasis‬‬
‫‪neg‬‬ ‫ال ُمث َب ُت‬ ‫‪neg‬‬ ‫ال ُمث َب ُت‬ ‫‪are some examples from the Qur’an:‬‬ ‫‪required‬‬
‫‪ative‬‬ ‫‪positive‬‬ ‫‪ative‬‬ ‫‪positive‬‬ ‫نسـ َن َو َن ْع َل ُم َما تُ َو ْسو ُِس بِ ِهۦ َن ْف ُس ُهۥ ۖ َو َن ْح ُن اَ ْق َر ُب ا ِ َل ْي ِه ِم ْن َح ْبلِ‬
‫َو َل َق ْد َخ َل ْق َنا ِ ْل ِأ َ‬
‫‪No‬‬ ‫‪Requires‬‬ ‫‪No‬‬ ‫‪Requires‬‬ ‫ِ ْل َورِي ِد ﴿ق‪﴾١٦:‬‬
‫‪emphasis‬‬
‫‪required‬‬
‫‪emphasis‬‬ ‫‪emphasis‬‬
‫‪required‬‬
‫‪emphasis‬‬
‫اخ َر‬‫َاَ َي ْر ُجو۟ا ِللَّـ َه َوِ ْل َي ْو َم ِ ْل َـ ِ‬
‫ول ِللَّـ ِه اُ ْس َوة َح َس َنة ل َمن ك َ‬ ‫َاَ َل َُ ْم فِى َر ُس ِ‬ ‫َل َق ْد ك َ‬
‫َو َذ َك َر ِللَّـ َه َكثِي ًرا ﴿الأحزاب‪﴾٢١:‬‬
‫ِلض َحى َوِلَّ ْيلِ اِذَا َس َجى‬
‫َو ُّ‬
‫‪َ as‬لقَد ‪In such cases, i.e. when qasam is latent, we will analyze‬‬
‫َما َو َّد َع َك َربُّ َك َو َما َق َلى ﴿الضحى‪١:‬ـ ‪﴾٣‬‬
‫َلـ‪َ :‬لأ ُم الق ََس ِم لِق ََسم ُم َقدَّر‬
‫َوِلنَّ ْج ِم اِذَا َه َوى َما َض َّل َص ِ‬
‫اح ُب َُ ْم َو َما َغ َوى ﴿النجم‪١:‬ـ ‪﴾٢‬‬
‫رف َتح ِقيق‬ ‫قَد‪َ :‬ح ُ‬
‫َس ِم ‪When‬‬
‫الق َ‬ ‫الجم َل ُة ال ِفعلِ َّي ُة فِعلُ َها َماض َمـنـ ِفـي ‪َ is‬ج َو ُ‬
‫اب‬ ‫‪ُ , no emphasis is required‬‬
Instruments of Emphasis in ‫اب الق ََسم‬
ُ ‫و‬
َ ‫ج‬
َ when it is ُ
‫ة‬ ‫ي‬
َّ ِ
‫ل‬ ‫ع‬ ِ
‫ف‬ ‫ال ُجم َل ُة ال‬
ُ ‫َج َو‬
َ ‫الق‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬is ‫ال ُجم َل ُة ال ِفعلِ َّي ُة فِعلُ َها ُم َضارِع ُمثـ َبـت‬, it is emphasized using one of
‫اب‬
‫الجم َل ُة ال ِفعلِ َّي ُة‬ ‫الجم َل ُة ِالأس ِم َّي ُة‬
the following instruments of emphasis
ُ ُ
Examples Instrument of Emphasis
... ‫َو َتــٱللَّـ ِه َلــاَ ِكي َد ََّ اَ ْص َنـ َم َُم‬ ََّ + ‫ فِعل ُم َضارِع‬+ ‫َلـ‬
﴾٥٧:‫﴿الأنبياء‬ ِ
‫فِع ُل َها ُم َضارِع‬ ‫فِع ُل َها َماض‬ ‫ت‬ُ ‫ب‬ ‫ث‬ ‫م‬ ‫ال‬ ‫ي‬ ‫ف‬ ‫ن‬ ‫م‬ ‫ال‬
The lâm is prefixed to a present tense verb and the nûn is
َ ُ
suffixed to it. These two instruments neg
ُّ َ are used
of emphasis
‫قَالَ َفبِ ِع َّز تِ َك َلــاُ ْغ ِو َيــ َّنــ ُه ْم اَ ْج َم ِع َين ا ِ َّلأ‬

together when: positive ative
1. The present tense verb denotes futurity and
‫ِع َبا َدكَ ِم ْن ُه ُم ِ ْل ُمخْ َل ِص َين‬ 2.The lâm is not separatedRequires from the verb No
neg ‫ال َمن ِف ُّي‬ ‫ال ُمث َب ُت‬ ‫ال ُمث َب ُت‬ neg ‫ال َمن ِف ُّي‬ ﴾٨٣ ‫ـ‬٨٢:‫﴿ص‬ ِ ‫( َلأ ُم َت َلقي الق ََس‬the lâmemphasis
This lâm is called ‫م‬
emphasis
of receiving the
required
ative positive positive ative qasam) and the nûn is called ‫كي ِد ال َث ِقي َل ُة‬ِ ‫نُو َُ التَّو‬
No Requires Requires
love you a ًNoَ ‫َلـاُ ِح ُّب َك‬
By Allah, I .‫كثِيرا‬ ‫) َوالل ِه‬١ ‫ فِعل ُم َضارِع‬+ ‫َلـ‬
emphasis
required
emphasis emphasis
lot
emphasis
required
Only the lâm (‫م‬
ِ ‫الق ََس‬ ‫) َلأ ُم َت َلقي‬, prefixed to a present tense
... ‫ِلض َحى َوِلَّ ْيلِ ا ِذَا َس َجى‬ ُّ ‫) َو‬٢
ۙ ‫َواَ ْق َس ُمو۟ا بِٱللَّـ ِه َج ْه َد اَ ْي َمـنِ ِه ْم‬
verb, is used for emphasis when:
َ ‫َو َل َس ْو َف ُي ْع ِط‬
1. Either the present tense verb does not denote futurity or
‫يك َربُّ َك َف َت ْر َضى‬
ُ ‫َلأ َي ْب َع ُث ِللَّـ ُه َمن َي ُم‬
2.The lâm is separated from the verb
﴾٣٨:‫وت ﴿النحل‬ ﴾٥ ‫ـ‬١:‫﴿الضحى‬ In both of these cases ‫ النُّو َُ الثَّ ِقي َل ُة‬is not used.

َ ‫الق‬ ُ ‫ َج َو‬is ‫الجم َل ُة‬
‫اب‬ ُ Please remember if the mode of expression, ََّ +‫ضارِع‬
َ ‫ُم‬ ‫فِعل‬+‫ َلـ‬e.g. ََّ َ‫ َلــاَ ْم َلا‬, appears alone
‫ال ِفعلِ َّي ُة فِعلُ َها ُم َضارِع َمـنـ ِفـي‬, no then for sure it is ‫م‬
ِ ‫الق ََس‬
‫اب‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬and the ‫ ق ََسم‬is latent (present but invisible).
emphasis is required Here is an example from the Qur’an: ﴾٨٥:‫ين ﴿ص‬ َ ‫نك َو ِم َّمن َتبِ َع َك ِم ْن ُه ْم اَ ْج َم ِع‬
َ ‫َلــاَ ْم َلاَ ََّ َج َه َّن َم ِم‬
‫‪Heavy Duty Nûn‬‬
‫اَ ْمر‬ ‫ُم َضارِع‬
‫ُه َو‬ ‫َي ْذ َه َب َّن‬ ‫َي ْذ َه ُب‬ ‫ُه َو‬

‫ُه َما‬ ‫َي ْذ َه َباَ‬ ‫َي ْذ َه َبا َِ‬ ‫ُه َما‬
‫ُه ْم‬ ‫َي ْذ َه ُب َّن‬ ‫َي ْذ َه ُب ْو ََ‬ ‫ُه ْم‬
‫ِه َي‬ ‫َت ْذ َه َب َّن‬ ‫َت ْذ َه ُب‬ ‫ِه َي‬
‫ُه َما‬ ‫َت ْذ َه َباَ‬ ‫َت ْذ َه َبا َِ‬ ‫ُه َما‬
‫ُه َّن‬ ‫َي ْذ َه ْب َناَ‬ ‫َي ْذ َه ْب َن‬ ‫ُه َّن‬
‫اَن َْت‬ ‫اِ ْذ َه َب َّن‬ ‫َت ْذ َه َب َّن‬ ‫َت ْذ َه ُب‬ ‫اَن َْت‬
‫اَ ْن ُت َما‬ ‫اِ ْذ َه َباَ‬ ‫َت ْذ َه َباَ‬ ‫َت ْذ َه َبا َِ‬ ‫اَ ْن ُت َما‬
‫اَ ْن ُت ْم‬ ‫اِ ْذ َه ُب َّن‬ ‫َت ْذ َه ُب َّن‬ ‫َت ْذ َه ُب ْو ََ‬ ‫اَ ْن ُت ْم‬
‫اَن ِْت‬ ‫اِ ْذ َه ِب َّن‬ ‫َت ْذ َه ِب َّن‬ ‫َت ْذ َه ِب ْي َن‬ ‫اَن ِْت‬
‫اَ ْن ُت َما‬ ‫اِ ْذ َه َباَ‬ ‫َت ْذ َه َباَ‬ ‫َت ْذ َه َبا َِ‬ ‫اَ ْن ُت َما‬
‫اَ ْن ُت َّن‬ ‫اِ ْذ َه ْب َناَ‬ ‫َت ْذ َه ْب َناَ‬ ‫َت ْذ َه ْب َن‬ ‫اَ ْن ُت َّن‬
‫اَ َنا‬ ‫اَ ْذ َه َب َّن‬ ‫اَ ْذ َه ُب‬ ‫اَ َنا‬
‫َن ْح ُن‬ ‫َن ْذ َه َب َّن‬ ‫َن ْذ َه ُب‬ ‫َن ْح ُن‬
ِ َّ‫اِج ِت َما ُع الق ََس ِم َوالش‬
‫رط‬
ِ َّ‫( اِجتِ َما ُع الق ََس ِم َوالش‬combining the qasam with the shart) is another important grammatical element of the qasam.
‫رط‬
‫الشَّ ر ُط‬ ‫دت اََ َتد ُر َس اللُّ َغ َة ال َع َر بِ َّي َة فَــ ِاني ُمس َت ِعد‬
َ ‫اَِ اَ َر‬
Now let us join the ‫ ق ََسم‬to this sentence by adding ‫َوالل ِه‬ َ ‫َوالل ِه اَِ اَ َر‬
‫دت اََ َتد ُر َس اللُّ َغ َة ال َع َر بِ َّي َة اِني ُمس َت ِعد‬
However, ‫ َوالل ِه‬is not commonly used. Instead ‫( َلـ‬the letter lâm) ‫دت اََ َتد ُر َس اللُّ َغ َة ال َع َر بِ َّي َة اِني ُمس َت ِعد‬
َ ‫َلـ ِئن اَ َر‬
is used and it denotes ‫ق ََسم‬. Together ‫ َلـ‬and َِْ ‫ ا‬are written as ‫َلـئِن‬
َ ‫لِلق‬
This lâm is called ‫َس ِم‬ ِ ‫ ال َّلا ُم ال ُم‬or ‫ ال َّلا ُم ال ُم َوطـ َئـ ُة لِلق ََس ِم‬- “The lâm that paves the way for the qasam”.
‫وطـ َئـ ُة‬
It is not qasam itself, but it is an indication of the qasam.
Verb Type/Form Meaning
ُ‫ال ِم َثال ال َواوِي َو ِط َـئ َي َطـا‬ To trample under the foot
‫ ُمـ َوطـئ‬:‫ اِس ُم ال َفا ِع ِل‬،‫ وطَّـاَ ُي َوط ُئ‬Form II To trample continuously (intensive action ‫ ;) ُم َبا َلغَة‬walking on ground so that a
walkable path is paved. The masdar ِ ‫ َت‬has come to mean “introduction”.
‫وطـ َئـة‬
‫ ُمـ ْو ِطـئ‬: ِ‫ اِس ُم الفَا ِعل‬،‫وط ُئ‬
ِ ُ‫اَو َطـاَ ي‬ Form IV Same meaning as in Form II
When the qasam is introduced to the shart sentence, the jawab should conform to the qasam and not to the
shart. Now the ‫اب الشَّ رط‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬will become ‫اب الق ََسم‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬. Hence the ‫ فَـ‬that was in the ‫اب الشَّ رط‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬will no longer be there
in the ‫َسم‬
َ ‫الق‬ ‫اب‬
ُ ‫ َج َو‬.
‫وطـ َئـ ُة لِلق ََس ِم ‪Examples of‬‬
‫ال ُقراَ ال ََرِيم ‪ in‬ال َّلا ُم ال ُم ِ‬
‫وطـ َئـ ُة لِلق ََس ِم‬
‫‪ - “The lâm that paves the way for the qasam”.‬ال َّلا ُم ال ُم ِ‬
‫لِلق َ‬
‫َس ِم ‪It is not qasam itself, but it is an indication of the qasam. So wherever‬‬ ‫‪َ , it means‬لـئِ ْن ‪ is used , as in‬ال َّلا ُم ال ُم ِ‬
‫وطـ َئـ ُة‬
‫‪there is an implicit qasam there.‬‬
‫َوالل ِه ‪If the statement is from anyone other than Allah, e.g. from the believers, the qasam can be estimated to be:‬‬
‫َو َج َلالِـي ‪If the statement is from Allah, the qasam can be estimated to be:‬‬ ‫قس ُم بِـ ِعـ َّز تِـي‬
‫اُ ِ‬
‫وطـ َئـ ُة لِلق ََس ِم‬

‫‪ is used more than 60 times in the Qur’an. Following are some examples of this lâm in the‬ال َّلا ُم ال ُم ِ‬
‫َسم ‪Qur’an, grouped by the type of‬‬ ‫اب الق َ‬
‫َج َو ُ‬
‫َسم ‪When‬‬
‫الق َ‬ ‫الجم َل ُة ِالأس ِم َّي ُة ال ُمثـ َبـ َتـ ُة ‪َ is‬ج َو ُ‬
‫اب‬ ‫ُ‬
‫َو َلـ ِئن ُّر ِج ْع ُت اِ َلى َربى اِ ََّ لِى ِعن َد ُه َل ْل ُح ْس َنى‬ ‫﴿الأعراف‪﴾٩٠:‬‬ ‫َلـ ِئنِ ِتَّ َب ْع ُت ْم شُ َع ْي ًبا اِنَّ َُ ْم اِ ًۭ ًذا لَّ َخـ ِس ُر َ‬
‫وَ‬
‫﴿فصلت‪﴾٥٠:‬‬
‫رف َج َواب تُ ِفي ُد التَّو ِكي َد‬
‫اذًا ‪َ :‬ح ُ‬
‫وط َئ ُة لِلق ََس ِم‬
‫َلـ ‪ :‬ال َّلا ُم ال ُم ِ‬
‫َو َلـ ِئن قُ ِت ْل ُت ْم فِى َس ِبي ِل ِللَّ ِه اَ ْو ُم ُّت ْم‬
‫اب ال َق َسم‬
‫َج َو ُ‬ ‫رف شَ رط َجازِم َتج ِز ُم فِع َلينِ‬
‫ا َِْ ‪َ :‬ح ُ‬
‫َل َم ْغ ِف َر ًۭة م َن ِللَّ ِه َو َر ْح َمة َخ ْي ًۭر م َّما َي ْج َم ُع َ‬
‫وَ‬
‫﴿العمراَ‪﴾١٥٧:‬‬ ‫﴿النحل‪﴾١٢٦:‬‬ ‫َو َلـ ِئن َص َب ْرتُ ْم َل ُه َو َخ ْير ل َّ‬
‫لصـ ِبر َِين‬
‫َو َلـ ِئ ْن اَ َذ ْق َنا ِ ْل ِأ َنسـ َن ِم َّنا َر ْح َم ًۭ ًة ثُ َّم َن َز ْع َنـ َها ِم ْن ُه‬ ‫قَالُو۟ا َلـ ِئ ْن اَ َك َل ُه ِلذ ْئ ُب َو َن ْح ُن ُع ْص َبة اِنَّا اِ ًۭ ًذا لَّ َخـ ِس ُر َ‬
‫وَ‬
‫ُور ﴿هود‪﴾٩:‬‬ ‫وس َكف ًۭ‬ ‫اِنَّ ُه َل َي ُـ ًۭ‬ ‫﴿يوسَ‪﴾١٤:‬‬
‫الق َ‬ ‫الجم َل ُة ِالأس ِم َّي ُة ال َمن ِف َّي ُة ‪َ is‬ج َو ُ‬
‫اب‬ ‫ُ‬ ‫َسم ‪When‬‬
‫الق َ‬ ‫الجم َل ُة ال ِفعلِ َّي ُة فِع ُل َها َماض َمن ِفي ‪َ is‬ج َو ُ‬
‫اب‬ ‫ُ‬
‫َو َلـ ِئنِ ِتَّ َب ْع َت اَ ْه َوا َء ُهم َب ْع َد َما َجا َءكَ ِم َن ِ ْل ِع ْل ِم‬ ‫﴿فاطر‪﴾٤١:‬‬ ‫َو َلـ ِئن َزا َل َتا اِ َْ اَ ْم َس ََ ُه َما ِم ْن اَ َحد م ۢن َب ْع ِد ِهۦ‬
‫ك ِم َن ِللَّـ ِه ِمن َو لِ ۢى َو َلأ َواق ﴿الرعد‪﴾٣٧:‬‬ ‫َما َل َ‬ ‫رف َنفْـي اَ ْو ا َِ النَّافِ َي ُة = َما النَّافِ َي ُة‬
‫ا َْ‪َ :‬ح ُ‬
‫َزالَ َي ُزو ُل‪:‬‬
‫َو َلـ ِئ ْن اَ َت ْي َت ِلَّ ِذ َين اُوتُو۟ا ِ ْل َِ َتـ َب بِ َُل َءا َية‬
‫‪to go off course, to deviate‬‬
‫‪Note that this verb is‬‬ ‫َاَ ‪ i.e. it is sister of‬نَا ِقص ‪َ is‬زالَ َي َزا ُل ‪, while‬تَا ّم‬ ‫ك َ‬
‫ْ‬
‫َّما َت ِب ُعو۟ا ِق ْب َل َت َ‬ ‫السمو ُت َوالأَ ُ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫يث‪ ،‬ا‪ :‬اَل َُ الأثـ َنينِ في َم َحل َرفع فَاعل ( َّ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫ْت‪ :‬تَا ُء التَّان ِ‬
‫الجم َل ُة ال ِفعلِ َّي ُة فِع ُل َها َماض َمن ِفي‬ ‫ك ۚ َج َواب‪ُ :‬‬
‫رض)‬
‫نت بِ َتابِع ِق ْب َل َت ُه ْم ۚ َج َواب‪ُ :‬‬

‫الجم َل ُة ِالأس ِم َّي ُة ال َمن ِف ََّي َت ُةـ ُة‬ ‫َو َما اَ َ‬ ‫َو َلـ ِئ ْن اَ َت ْي َت ِلَّ ِذ َين اُوتُو۟ا ِ ْل َِ َتـ َب بِ َُل َءا َية‬
‫َو َما َب ْع ُض ُهم بِ َتابِع ِق ْب َل َة َب ْعض ۚ‬ ‫ك ۚ ‪﴿ ...‬البقرة‪﴾١٤٥:‬‬ ‫َّما َت ِب ُعو۟ا ِق ْب َل َت َ‬
‫َو َلـ ِئنِ ِتَّ َب ْع َت اَ ْه َوا َء ُهم م ۢن َب ْع ِد َما َجا َءكَ ِم َن ِ ْل ِع ْل ِم ۙ‬
‫ين‬
‫َ‬ ‫م‬‫اِنَّـ َك اِذًا لَّـ ِم َن ِل َّظـ ِل ِ‬ ‫َسم ‪When‬‬
‫الق َ‬ ‫الجم َل ُة ال ِفعلِ َّي ُة فِع ُل َها ُم َضارِع َمن ِفي ‪َ is‬ج َو ُ‬
‫اب‬ ‫ُ‬
‫ِ‬ ‫ِ‬
‫الجم َل ُة الأسم َّي ُة ال ُمثـ َبـ َتـ ُة‬ ‫َج َواب‪ُ :‬‬
‫﴿البقرة‪﴾١٤٥:‬‬ ‫نس َوِ ْل ِج ُّن َع َلى اََ َياْتُو۟ا بِ ِم ْث ِل‬‫ِج َت َم َع ِت ِ ْل ِأ ُ‬
‫قُل لَّـ ِئنِ ْ‬
‫وَ بِ ِم ْث ِل ِه ﴿الأسراء‪﴾٨٨:‬‬‫َهـ َذا ِ ْل ُق ْر َء ِاَ َلأ َياْتُ َ‬
‫َلـ ِئ ْن اُخْ ِر ُجو۟ا َلأ َيخْ ُر ُج َ‬
‫وَ َم َع ُه ْم‬
‫نص ُرو َن ُه ْم ﴿الحشر‪﴾١٢:‬‬ ‫َو َلـ ِئن قُو تِلُو۟ا َلأ َي ُ‬
‫‪Note, if the sentence is negative, there is no need‬‬
‫اب الق ََسم ‪for emphasis in the‬‬
‫َج َو ُ‬
‫الق َ‬ ‫الجم َل ُة ال ِفعلِ َّي ُة فِع ُل َها ُم َضارِع ُمث َبت ‪َ is‬ج َو ُ‬
‫اب‬ ‫)‪ُ (Its use in the Qur’an is prolific‬‬
‫ِلصـ ِغر َِين‬
‫َو َلـ ِئن لَّ ْم َي ْف َع ْل َما َءا ُم ُر ُه َل ُي ْس َج َن َّن َو َل َي َُو ًنا م َن َّ‬ ‫﴿مريم‪﴾٤٦:‬‬ ‫َلـ ِئن لَّ ْم َتن َت ِه َلأَ ْر ُج َمنَّ َك‬
‫﴿يوسَ‪﴾٣٢:‬‬
‫‪This last nûn is‬‬ ‫النُّو َُ الخَ ِفي َف ُة‬
‫)لِ َي َُونًا = لِ َي ُ‬
‫َون َْن (‬
‫وط َل َت َُو َن َّن ِم َن ِ ْل ُمخْ َر ِجي َن‬
‫قَالُو۟ا َلـ ِئن لَّ ْم َتن َت ِه َيـلُ ُ‬
‫وط َئ ُة لِلق ََس ِم‬
‫َلـ ‪ :‬ال َّلا ُم ال ُم ِ‬
‫﴿الشعراء‪﴾١٦٧:‬‬
‫َم ْن ‪ :‬اِس ُم شَ رط َجازِم َتج ِز ُم فِع َلينِ‬
‫َلـ َمن َت ِب َع َك ِم ْن ُه ْم َلأَ ْم َلاَ ََّ َج َه َّن َم ِمن َُ ْم اَ ْج َم ِع َين‬ ‫َو اِ ْذ َتاَ َّذ ََ َربُّ َُ ْم َلـ ِئن شَ ََ ْرتُ ْم َلأَزِي َدنَّ َُ ْم ۖ‬
‫﴿الأعراف‪﴾١٨:‬‬ ‫َو َلـ ِئن َك َف ْرتُ ْم ا ِ ََّ َع َذابِى َل َش ِديد ﴿ابراهيم‪﴾٧:‬‬
‫وَ ِم ۢن َب ْع ِد ِ ْل َم ْو ِت‬
‫َو َلـ ِئن قُ ْل َت اِنَّ َُم َّم ْب ُعوثُ َ‬ ‫وح َى اِ َل ْي َك َو اِ َلى ِلَّ ِذي َن ِمن َق ْب ِل َك‬ ‫َو َل َق ْد اُ ِ‬
‫حر ُّم ِبين ﴿هود‪﴾٧:‬‬‫َل َي ُقو َل َّن ِلَّ ِذ َين َك َف ُرو ۟ا اِ َْ َهـ َذا اِ َّلأ ِس ْ‬ ‫َلـ ِئ ْن اَ ْش َرك َْت َل َي ْح َب َط َّن َع َملُ َك َو َل َت َُو َن َّن ِم َن ِ ْل َخـ ِسر َِين‬
‫﴿الزمر‪﴾٦٥:‬‬
‫‪Please ponder over the following examples. Identify the‬‬
‫َو َلـ ِئن َساَ ْل َت ُهم َّم ْن َخ َل َق ُه ْم َل َي ُقولُ َّن ِللَّـ ُه‬
‫‪qasam and the jawab-ul-qasam.‬‬
‫﴿الزخرف‪﴾٨٧:‬‬
‫قَا َلأ َربَّ َنا َظ َل ْم َنا اَنف َُس َنا َو اَِ لَّ ْم َت ْغ ِف ْر َل َنا َو َت ْر َح ْم َنا‬
‫ِين ﴿الأعراف‪﴾٢٣:‬‬ ‫َل َن َُو َن َّن ِم َن ِ ْل َخـ ِسر َ‬ ‫َو َلـ ِئن ُّم ُّت ْم اَ ْو قُ ِت ْل ُت ْم َل ِأ َلى ِللَّـ ِه تُ ْح َش ُر َ‬
‫وَ ﴿ال عمراَ‪﴾١٥٨:‬‬
‫َف َل ُن ِذيق ََّن ِلَّ ِذ َين َك َف ُرو۟ا َع َذا ًبا شَ ِديدًا َو َل َن ْج ِز َي َّن ُه ْم اَ ْس َواَ‬ ‫‪www.tanzil.net is an excellent search engine for the Qur’an,‬‬
‫وَ ﴿فصلت‪﴾٢٧:‬‬ ‫ِلَّ ِذى كَانُو۟ا َي ْع َملُ َ‬

‫‪where you can search using Arabic text. For example, if you were‬‬
‫‪َ you will find 61 places in the Qur’an where it is used.‬ل ِئن ‪to type‬‬
Pronouns Summary
‫َمج ُرور‬ ‫نصوب‬
ُ ‫َم‬ ‫َمرفُوع‬
▪ Only the letters highlighted ‫ُم َّت ِصل‬ ‫ُصل ُم َّت ِصل‬ ِ ‫ُمنف‬ ‫ُم َّت ِصل‬ ‫ُصل‬ ِ ‫ُمنف‬
in red represent the ‫ض ِمير‬
َ ‫ُه‬ ‫ُه‬ ‫اِيَّا ُه‬ ][ ][ ‫ُه َو‬
▪ Please note a further
breakdown is often done at ‫ُه َما‬ ‫ُه َما‬ ‫اِيَّا ُه َما‬ َِ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ُه َما‬
advanced levels, but is not
shown here for brevity. For ‫ُه ْم‬ ‫ُه ْم‬ ‫اِيَّا ُه ْم‬ ََ ‫ْو‬ ‫ْو‬ ‫ُه ْم‬
example, in ‫ تُ ْم‬only ‫ت‬
ُ is the ‫َها‬ ‫َها‬ ‫اِيَّا َها‬ ][ ][ ‫ِه َي‬
‫ َض ِمير‬, and ‫ م‬is the sign of ‫ُه َما‬ ‫ُه َما‬ ‫اِيَّا ُه َما‬ َِ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ُه َما‬
plural. For simplicity,
however, we will consider ‫تُ ْم‬ ‫ُه َّن‬ ‫ُه َّن‬ ‫اِيَّا ُه َّن‬ ََ َ ‫ُه َّن‬
as ‫ض ِمير‬
َ for now. َ‫ك‬ َ‫ك‬ َ‫اِيَّاك‬ ][ ‫َت‬ ‫اَن َْت‬
‫ُك َما‬ ‫ُك َما‬ ‫اِيَّا ُك َما‬ َِ ‫ا‬ ‫تُـ َما‬ ‫اَ ْن ُت َما‬
‫كُم‬ ‫اِيَّا ُكم كُم‬ ََ ‫ْو‬ ‫تُـ ْم‬ ‫اَ ْن ُت ْم‬
‫ِك‬ ‫ِك‬ ‫اِيَّ ِاك‬ ‫ـيـ َن‬ ‫ِت‬ ‫اَن ِْت‬
‫ُك َما‬ ‫ُك َما‬ ‫اِيَّا ُك َما‬ َِ ‫ا‬ ‫تُ َما‬ ‫اَ ْن ُت َما‬
‫ك َُّن‬ ‫اِيَّا ُك َّن ك َُّن‬ ََ ‫ــن‬
َّ ُ‫ت‬ ‫اَ ْن ُت َّن‬
‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ َ َّ‫اِي‬
‫اي‬ ][ ‫ُت‬ ‫اَ َنا‬
[ ] = ‫ُمس َتتِر‬ ‫َض ِمير‬ ‫َنا‬ ‫َنا‬ ‫اِيَّا َنا‬ ][ ‫َنا‬ ‫َن ْح ُن‬
ِ
The Exception – ‫الأس ِتث َنا ُء‬
The tool of The one from which the
The excepted exception exception is made
‫ال ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه اَ َدا ُة ِالأس ِتث َنا ِء ال ُمس َتث َنى‬
‫اب ُكلُّ ُهم اِ َّلأ َحا ِمدًا‬

ُ ‫َن َج َح ال ُّط َّل‬
All the students have
passed except Hamid
‫ اِ َّلأ‬is a particle used as an instrument of exception. There are

many other instruments of exception, including the following
important ones.
‫َغي ُر‬ َ‫اِس َم ِا‬
‫ِس َوى‬
‫َما َعدَا‬ َِ ‫فِع َلا‬
‫َما َخ َلا‬
ِ ‫اَن َوا ُع‬
Types of Exception – ‫الأس ِتث َنا ِء‬
‫َما َجا َء اِ َّلأ َح ِامد‬ ‫ُم َف َّرغ‬ ‫ ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬is ‫اب ُكلُّ ُهم اِ َّلأ َح ِامدًا‬ ‫َتام‬ ‫ ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬is
ُ ‫َجا َء ال ُّط َّل‬
not mentioned mentioned
No one came except Hamid All the students came except Hamid
‫وف اِ َّلأ اَمتِ َع َت ُهم‬

ُ ‫الض ُي‬
ُّ ‫َو َص َل‬ ‫ُمن َق ِطع‬ ‫ ُمس َتث َنى‬is of a
different kind
َ‫رت البِ َلا َد الأُو ُربـ َّي َة ُكلَّ َها اِ َّلأ ال ُيو َن َا‬
ُ ‫ُز‬ ‫ُمتَّ ِصل‬ ‫ ُمس َتث َنى‬is of the
same kind as
The guests have arrived than ‫ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬ I have visited all European countries, ‫ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬
except their luggage except Greece
َُ ‫َهل َي ُرس ُب اَ َحد اِ َّلأ ال ََس َلا‬ َ ‫َغي ُر ُم‬

‫وجب‬ ‫اِف َت ِح ال َّن َوافِ َذ اِ َّلأ الأَ ِخي َر َة‬ ‫وجب‬
َ ‫ُم‬
The sentence is a The sentence
negative, prohibitive is an
or interrogative affirmative
Does anyone fail except the sentence Open the windows except sentence
lazy? the last one

Declension of Exception with illa – ‫اب ال ُمس َتث َنى بِـ اِ َّلأ‬
ُ ‫اِع َر‬
When ‫ ا ِ َّلأ‬is used as the instrument of exception, the declension of ‫ ُمس َتث َنى‬depends on
the type of exception, as shown below
‫ُم َف َّرغ‬ ‫ ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬is ‫َتام‬ ‫ ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬is
‫ُمن َق ِطع‬ ‫ ُمس َتث َنى‬is of a

different kind
‫ُمتَّ ِصل‬ ‫ ُمس َتث َنى‬is of the
same kind as
than ‫ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬ ‫ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬
َ ‫َغي ُر ُم‬
‫وجب‬ ‫وجب‬
َ ‫ُم‬
sentence sentence
‫نصوب‬
ُ ‫َم‬
Declension
‫ُمس َتث َنى‬
As required by the
sentence, as if ‫اِ َّلأ‬ ‫نصوب‬
ُ ‫َم‬ OR ‫نصوب‬
ُ ‫َم‬ of
is not mentioned Same as ‫ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬ with ‫ا ِ َّلأ‬

Examples for illa – ‫اَم ِث َلة لِـ اِ َّلأ‬
Allah forgives all
sins except shirk َ ُ‫َيغ ِف ُر اللَّ ُه ال ُّذن‬
َ‫وب ُكلَّ َها ا ِ َّلأ الشرك‬
‫ ال ُّذنُوب‬, which is ‫ ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬, is mentioned
‫ ِشرك‬is a kind of ‫ذَنب‬
‫ُمن َق ِطع‬ ‫ ُمس َتث َنى‬is of a

different kind
same kind as
The sentence is an
affirmative sentence
َ ‫ُم‬
sentence sentence
‫نصوب‬
ُ ‫َم‬
Declension
As required by the
ُ ‫َم‬ of

‫ َح ِامد‬/ ‫اب ا ِ َّلأ َحا ِمدًا‬

ُ ‫َما َح َض َر ال ُّط َّل‬
No students were
present except
Hamid
‫َح ِامد‬ ‫ال ُّط َّلاب‬

ُ ‫ال ُّط َّل‬, which is ‫ ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬, is mentioned
‫اب‬
Declension of is the same as OR
‫ َح ِامد‬is a student
‫ُمنق َِطع‬ ‫ ُمس َتث َنى‬is of a

different kind
same kind as
The sentence is a negative sentence
َ ‫ُم‬
sentence sentence
‫نصوب‬
ُ ‫َم‬
Declension
As required by the
ُ ‫َم‬ of

Every sickness has a
medicine except death
َ ‫لِ َُل َداء َد َواء ا ِ َّلأ ال َم‬
‫وت‬
‫ َداء‬, which is ‫ ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬, is mentioned
‫ُمن َق ِطع‬ ‫ُمتَّ ِصل‬

Death is
not a ‫ ُمس َتث َنى‬is of a ‫ ُمس َتث َنى‬is of the
sickness different kind same kind as
َ ‫ُم‬
sentence sentence
‫نصوب‬
ُ ‫َم‬
Declension
As required by the
ُ ‫َم‬ of

‫َما َر َس َب ا ِ َّلأ بِ َلال‬

To get the correct declension for
No one failed except Bilal

‫ ُمس َتث َنى‬in the case of ‫ ُم َف َّرغ‬, remove ‫اِ َّلأ‬
from the sentence. )‫ب بِ َلال‬ َ ‫ ( َما َر َس‬In
‫ ُمس َتث َنى ِمن ُه‬is not mentioned ِ ‫ الف‬so it is ‫ َمرفُوع‬. Of
this case, ‫ بِ َلال‬is ‫َاعل‬
course, removing ‫ ا ِ َّلأ‬will make the

meaning opposite of what the original
not mentioned mentioned sentence means. This is done only to
establish the declension.
‫ُمنق َِطع‬ ‫ ُمس َتث َنى‬is of a

different kind
same kind as
َ ‫ُم‬
sentence sentence
‫نصوب‬
ُ ‫َم‬
Declension
As required by the
ُ ‫َم‬ of

َّ ‫ال َمم ُنو ُع ِم َن‬
ِ ‫الص‬
The Diptote – ‫رف‬
A ‫ ُمع َرب‬noun is one that declines, i.e. dhun, dhan, dhin. It is a noun
Diptote is a ‫ ُمع َرب‬noun, which: that changes the final vowel to indicate its function in the sentence.
1. Does not accept the tanwîn, and
2. Does not decline fully, i.e. it takes fathah instead of kasrah when it is majrûr
Reasons for a noun being diptote

For one reason
1. Nouns which end in ِ ِ‫اَلِ َُ ال َّتاْن‬:
‫يث ال َم ْق ُصو َر ُة‬
This alif is either written as a dot-less yâ (‫ )ى‬or a long alif (‫)ا‬. In both cases, the pronunciation is Aa. While ‫ ى‬is
used most often as in: ‫قُ ْر َبـى‬ ،‫ َم ْر َضى‬, if it is preceded by a proper yâ (‫ ي‬with two dots), then it changes to a long
alif ( ‫ )ا‬as in ‫َهدَا َيا‬ ،‫ُد ْن َيا‬
2. Nouns which end in ‫يث ال َم ْمدُو َد ُة‬ ِ ِ‫اَلِ َُ التَّاْن‬: Please note if the hamza is the third radical and is not extra,
Alif followed by hamza (‫)اء‬. ‫ح َرا ُء‬ ْ ‫ َص‬،‫َح ْم َرا ُء‬ then the word is not diptote. Refer to Book 3 Key, Lesson 34
for more details and examples.
ِ ِ ِ
‫ اَط َّب ُاء‬،‫ اَ ْق ِو َي ُاء‬،‫ اَ ْغن َي ُاء‬،‫اَ ْصدق َُاء‬
‫ ُع َل َما ُء‬،‫ ُز َم َلا ُء‬،‫ ُو َز َرا ُء‬،‫فُ َق َرا ُء‬
3. Nouns on the patterns of ‫ل‬ ُ ‫ َمفَا ِع‬and ‫ َمفَا ِعي ُل‬.
These are called ‫الج ْم ُع ال ُمـ َتـ َنا ِهـي‬ َ /‫الج ُمو ِع‬ ُ ‫( ُم ْن َت َهى‬The ultimate plural).
‫ َدقَائِ ُق‬، ُ‫ َف َنا ِدق‬،‫ اَ َسا ِو ُر‬،‫ َم ََاتِ ُب‬،‫ َمدَار ُِس‬،ُ‫اجد‬ ِ ‫َم َس‬
)‫ َك َر ِاس ُّي ( َك َر ِاس ْي ُي‬،‫ين‬ ُ ‫اج‬ ِ ‫ َف َن‬،‫ اَ َسابِي ُع‬،‫يح‬ ُ ِ‫ َمفَات‬،‫َم َنا ِدي ُل‬
For two reasons (see next page)

ِ ‫الص‬
Reasons for a noun being diptote
For one reason (see previous page)
For two reasons
Proper Nouns - ‫ال َع َل ُم‬ Adjectives - َ‫ص‬
ُ ‫ال َو‬
1. Feminine Proper Nouns - ‫ُم َؤنَّث‬ ‫ َع َلم‬: ُ ‫اَ ْف َع‬:
1. Adjectives on the patterns of ‫ل‬
‫ َخلِـي َف ُة‬،‫ َط ْل َح ُة‬،‫ اُ َسا َم ُة‬،ُ‫ َح ْم َزة‬،‫ َم ْر َي ُم‬،‫ َزي َن ُب‬،‫ ف َِاط َم ُة‬،‫يج ُة‬
َ ‫ َخ ِد‬،‫ا ِم َن ُة‬ ‫ اَ ْح َم ُر‬،‫ اَ ْص َغ ُر‬،‫ اَ ْج َم ُل‬،‫ اَ ْك َب ُر‬،‫اَ ْح َس ُن‬
2. Foreign Proper Nouns - ‫ج ِمي‬ َ ‫ َع َلم اَ ْع‬: 2. Adjectives on the patterns of َُ ‫ َف ْع َلا‬:
َُ ‫ َلـ ْن َد‬،‫ َب ْغدَا ُد‬،َُ ‫ َبا ِك ْس َتا‬،‫ ِو ْلـ َي ُم‬،‫وسى‬ َ ‫ ُم‬،‫ ا ِْس َم ِاعي ُل‬،‫ُوب‬
ُ ‫ َي ْعق‬،‫ا ِ ْبـ َرا ِهي ُم‬ َُ ‫ شَ ْب َعا‬،َُ ‫ ك َْس َلا‬،َُ ‫ َع ْطشَ ا‬،َُ ‫ غ َْض َبا‬،َُ ‫َج ْو َعا‬
3. Altered (modified) Proper Nouns - ‫ َع َلم َم ْعدُول‬: 3. Altered form of adjective - ‫صفَة َم ْع ُدو َلـة‬ ِ :
These are on the pattern of ‫ل‬ ُ ‫فُ َع‬. The verb َ‫ َعدَل‬means to do a) Numbers on the pattern of
justice, to put things in proper place, to change or alter. ‫ فُ َعا ُل‬or ‫ َم ْف َع ُل‬:
‫ َم ْعدُول‬means something which is changed or altered. The name ُ ‫ ثُ َل‬for ‫( ثَ َلاثَة ثَ َلاثَة‬three at a time)
‫اث‬
‫ ُع َم ُر‬is the altered form of ‫( َعا ِمر‬a triptote), which is the ‫اِس ُم الفَا ِعل‬ ‫ َم ْث َنى‬for َ‫( اِ ْث َن ِاَ اِ ْث َن ِا‬two at a time)
of ‫( َع َم َر‬to flourish/thrive/prosper, live long) b) The word ‫خ ُر‬ َ ُ‫( ا‬plural of ‫)اُخْ َرى‬
4. Proper nouns ending with extra َُ ‫ا‬:
َُ ‫ نُ ْع َما‬،َُ ‫ َعفَّا‬،َُ ‫ ُس ْف َيا‬،َُ ‫ َم ْر َوا‬،َُ ‫ُع ْث َما‬
5. Proper nouns resembling verbs:
ُ ِ‫َيـب‬
‫ اَ ْح َم ُد‬like ‫ اَذ َه ُب‬, ‫ َيـزِي ُد‬like ‫ـيع‬
ُّ ‫ال َم ْز ِج‬
6. Compound Proper Nouns – ‫ي‬ ‫ال ُم َرك َُّب‬:
ُ ‫ َح ْض َر َم‬،‫َم ْع ِدي ََر ُِب‬
‫وت‬
ِ ‫الص‬
In one of the following two conditions, a diptote will become a triptote, i.e. it will decline fully:
1 ﴾٤٠:‫﴿المعارج‬ َ ‫َف َلا اُ ْق ِس ُم بِـ َرب ِ ْل َمشَ ـر ِِق َوِ ْل َم َغـر ِِب اِنَّا َلقَـ ِد ُر‬
َ‫و‬
If it is decorated with the definite article ‫الـ‬ ‫َنـ َز ْل ُت فِي َه ِذ ِه ال َف َنا ِد ِق‬ I stayed in these hotels
َ ‫يَ لِل َو َل ِد‬

َ‫الج ْو َع ِا‬ َ ‫َسلَّ ْم ُت ال َّر ِغ‬ I gave the loaf to the hungry boy
2 ﴾٤:‫﴿التين‬ ‫َل َق ْد َخ َل ْق َنا ِ ْل ِأ َنسـ َن فِى اَ ْح َسنِ َت ْقوِيم‬
If it becomes ‫ضاف‬
َ ‫ُم‬ ِ ِ‫َد َّر ْس ُت فِي َمدَار‬
‫س ال َم ِدي َنـ ِة‬ I taught in the schools of Madinah
‫اِت ََّص ْل ُت بِاَ ْص ِدقَا ِء بِ َلال‬ I contacted Bilal’s friends
Diptote Triptote (declines fully)
Write with a red pen ‫اُك ُت ْب بِـ َق َلم اَ ْح َم َر‬ Write with the red pen ‫اُك ُت ْب بِـال َق َل ِم الأَ ْح َم ِر‬
ِ ‫ َمج ُرور َو َع َلا َم ُة َجر ِه َف ْت َحة لِأَنَّ ُه َم ْم ُنوع ِم َن ال َّص‬- “‫َن ْعت لِـ ” َق َلم‬
‫رف‬ ‫ َمج ُرور َو َع َلا َم ُة َجر ِه ك َْس َرة َظا ِه َرة‬- “‫َن ْعت لِـ ”ال َق َل ِم‬

‫ال َع َل ُم الأَ ْع َج ِم ُّي ‪Examples of Grammatical Analysis for‬‬
‫‪Please remember the proper noun‬‬ ‫وسى‬

‫‪ُ is a non-Arabic‬م َ‬ ‫َمرفُوع‬
‫‪name and therefore it is diptote.‬‬
‫وسى‬
‫َج َاء ُم َ‬
‫فِعل َماض َمبنِي َع َلى ال َف ْت ِح‬ ‫َجا َء‬
‫نصوب‬
‫َم ُ‬ ‫ف َِاعل َمرفُوع َو َع َلا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّمة ُم َق َّد َرة َع َلى ا ِخ ِر ِه‬ ‫وسى‬‫ُم َ‬
‫َراَ ْي ُت ُم َ‬
‫وسى‬
‫الس َُ ِوَ لِأت َصالِ ِه بِ َض ِمي ِر َر ْفع ُم َت َحرك‬
‫فِعل َماض َمبنِي َع َلى ُّ‬ ‫َراَ ْيـ‬
‫الضم فِي َم َحل َر ْفع ف َِاعل‬ ‫َض ِمير ُمتَّ ِصل َمبنِي َع َلى َّ‬ ‫ـت‬
‫ُ‬
‫َمج ُرور‬ ‫نصوب َو َع َلا َم ُة َن ْصبِ ِه َف ْت َحة ُم َق َّد َرة َع َلى ا ِخ ِر ِه‬
‫وسى َمف ُعول بِ ِه َم ُ‬
‫ُم َ‬
‫َسلَّ ْم ُت َع َلى ُم َ‬
‫وسى‬
‫فِعل َماض َمبنِي َع َلى ُّ‬ ‫َسلَّ ْمـ‬
‫الضم فِي َم َحل َر ْفع ف َِاعل‬ ‫َض ِمير ُم َّت ِصل َمب ِني َع َلى َّ‬ ‫ـت‬
‫ُ‬
‫اب‬‫الس َُ ِوَ‪َ .‬لأ َم َح َّل َل ُه ِم َن ِالأ ْع َر ِ‬ ‫رف َجر َمبنِي َع َلى ُّ‬ ‫َح ُ‬ ‫َع َلى‬
‫اِسم َمج ُرور (بِـ َع َلى) َو َع َلا َم ُة َجر ِه َف ْت َحة ُم َق َّد َرة َع َلى ا ِخ ِر ِه‬ ‫وسى‬
‫ُم َ‬
‫لِأَنَّ ُه َم ْم ُنوع ِم َن َّ‬
‫الص ْر ِف‬
‫ِالأس ُم ال َم ُ‬
‫قصو ُر ‪Examples of Grammatical Analysis for‬‬
‫َمج ُرور‬
‫َمرفُوع‬
‫َخ َر ْج ُت ِم َن ال ُم ْس َتشْ فَى ف َِاذَا َص ِدي ِقي َين َت ِظ ُر نِي بِ ُع ْل َبة ِم َن َ‬
‫الح ْل َوى‬
‫ال ُم ْس َتشْ فَى َك ِبـ ْيـر‬
‫فِعل َماض َمبنِي َع َلى ُّ‬ ‫َخ َر ْجـ‬
‫ال ُم ْس َتشْ َفى ُم ْب َتدَا َمرفُوع َو َع َلا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّمة ُم َق َّد َرة َع َلى ا ِخ ِر ِه‬
‫الضم فِي َم َحل َر ْفع فَا ِعل‬ ‫َض ِمير ُمتَّ ِصل َمبنِي َع َلى َّ‬ ‫ـت‬‫ُ‬
‫الس َُ ِوَ‪َ .‬لأ َم َح َّل َل ُه ِم َن ِالأ ْع َر ِ‬ ‫َخ َبر َمرفُوع َو َع َلا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّمة َظا ِه َرة‬ ‫َكبِـ ْيـر‬
‫اب‬ ‫رف َجر َمبنِي َع َلى ُّ‬ ‫َح ُ‬ ‫ِم ْن‬
‫ال ُم ْس َتشْ فَى اِسم َمج ُرور (بِ ِم ْن) َو َع َلا َم ُة َجر ِه ك َْس َرة ُم َق َّد َرة َع َلى ا ِخ ِر ِه‬ ‫نصوب‬
‫َم ُ‬
‫رف َع ْطَ َمب ِني َع َلى ال َف ْت ِح‪َ .‬لأ َم َح َّل َل ُه ِم َن ِالأ ْع َر ِ‬
‫اب‬ ‫َح ُ‬ ‫فَـ‬
‫َراَ ْي ُت ال ُم ْس َتشْ فَى ال ََ ِبـ ْيـ َر‬
‫اِذَا الف َُجائِـ َّيـ ُة‪َ ،‬حرف لِ ُم َج َّر ِد ال َّر ْب ِط‬ ‫اِذَا‬
‫الس َُ ِوَ لِأت َصالِ ِه بِ َض ِمي ِر َر ْفع‬ ‫فِعل َماض َمبنِي َع َلى ُّ‬ ‫َراَ ْيـ‬
‫ُم ْب َتدَا َمرفُوع َو َع َلا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّمة ُم َق َّد َرة َع َلى ا ِخ ِر ِه َو ُه َو ُم َضاف‬ ‫َص ِدي ِقـ‬ ‫ُم َت َحرك‬
‫وَ فِي َم َحل َجر ُم َضاف ا ِ َلي ِه‬ ‫الس َُ ِ‬ ‫َض ِمير ُم َّت ِصل َمب ِني َع َلى ُّ‬ ‫ْي‬ ‫الضم فِي َم َحل َر ْفع فَا ِعل‬ ‫َض ِمير ُمتَّ ِصل َمبنِي َع َلى َّ‬ ‫ـت‬ ‫ُ‬
‫الضم‪ .‬الفَا ِع ُل َض ِمير ُم ْس َتتِر َتق ِدي ُر ُه ُه َو‬ ‫فِعل ُم َضارِع َمرفُوع بِ َّ‬ ‫َي ْن َت ِظ ُر‬ ‫نصوب َو َع َلا َم ُة َن ْصبِ ِه َف ْت َحة ُم َق َّد َرة َع َلى‬ ‫ال ُم ْس َتشْ َفى َمف ُعول بِ ِه َم ُ‬
‫اب‬ ‫نُو َُ ال ِوقَا َي ِة َمبنِي َع َلى ال ََ ْس ِر‪َ .‬لأ َم َح َّل َل َها ِم َن ِالأ ْع َر ِ‬ ‫نِـ‬ ‫ا ِخ ِر ِه‬
‫وَ فِي َم َحل َن ْصب َم ْف ُعول بِ ِه‬ ‫الس َُ ِ‬‫َض ِمير ُم َّت ِصل َمب ِني َع َلى ُّ‬ ‫ْي‬ ‫نصوب َو َع َلا َم ُة َن ْصبِ ِه َف ْت َحة َظا ِه َرة‬ ‫َن ْعت َم ُ‬ ‫ال ََبِـ ْيـ َر‬
‫رف َجر َمبنِي َع َلى ال ََ ْس ِر‪َ .‬لأ َم َح َّل َل ُه ِم َن ِالأ ْع َر ِ‬
‫اب‬ ‫َح ُ‬ ‫بِـ‬
‫اِسم َمج ُرور َو َع َلا َم ُة َجر ِه ك َْس َرة َظا ِه َرة‬ ‫ُع ْل َبة‬
‫الح ْل َوى َجار َو َمج ُرور فِي َم َحل َجر َن ْعت لِل ُع ْل َب ِة‬
‫ِم َن َ‬
‫الج ْم ُع ال ُم َت َنا ِهي ‪َ of‬م ْنقُوص ‪Examples of Grammatical Analysis for‬‬
‫َ‬
‫‪َ , is on the‬م ْع ًنى ‪َ , which is the plural of‬م َعاَ ‪The word‬‬ ‫َمرفُوع‬
‫‪pattern of‬‬ ‫الج ْم ُع ال ُم َت َنا ِهي‪ُ /‬م ْن َت َهى ال ُج ُمو ِع( َمف ِ‬
‫َاع ُل‬ ‫‪َ – The‬‬ ‫َه ِذ ِه ال ََ ِل َم ُة َل َها َم َعاَ َك ِثي َرة‬
‫‪َ as‬م ْنقُوص ‪ultimate plural), and at the same time it is‬‬
‫َه ِذ ِه اِس ُم ا ِشَ ا َرة َمبنِي َع َلى ال ََ ْس ِر فِي َم َحل َر ْفع ُمب َتدَا‬
‫‪َ ). Other examples include:‬م َعانِ ُي( ‪its 3rd radical is yâ‬‬
‫‪َ of the‬م ْنقُوص ‪َ . These are called the‬ل َيال‪َ ،‬ن َواد‪َ ،‬ج َوار‬ ‫ال ََلِ َم ُة َبدَل َمرفُوع َو َع َلا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّمة َظا ِه َرة‬
‫الج ْم ُع ال ُم َت َنا ِهي‬
‫‪َ , and they are treated just as the‬‬ ‫َجار َو َمج ُرور ِش ْب ُه ُج ْم َلة فِي َم َحل َر ْفع َخ َبر لِـ ” َم َعاَ“‬ ‫َل َها‬
‫‪.‬اِ ْع َراب ‪َ in‬م ْنقُوص‬ ‫َم َعاَ ُمب َتدَا َم ْرفُوع َو َع َلا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّمة ُم َق َّد َرة َع َلى ال َيا ِء ال َم ْح ُذو َف ِة‬
‫َمج ُرور‬ ‫الج ْم َل ُة ِالأ ْس ِم َّي ُة ” َل َها َم َعاَ َكثِي َرة“ فِي‬
‫الضم‪َ .‬و ُ‬ ‫َكثِي َرة َن ْعت َم ْرفُوع بِ َّ‬
‫َم َحل َر ْفع َخ َبر لِـ ” َه ِذ ِه“‬
‫تُ ْس َت ْع َم ُل َه ِذ ِه ال ََ ِل َم ُة بِ َم َعاَ َك ِثي َرة‬
‫نصوب‬
‫َم ُ‬
‫ول َمرفُوع َو َع َلا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّمة َظا ِه َرة‬
‫جه ِ‬ ‫تُ ْس َت ْع َم ُل فِعل ُم َضارِع لِل َم ُ‬
‫َع َلى ا ِخ ِر ِه‬ ‫اَ ْعر ُِف َم َعانِ َي َك ِثي َر ًة لِ َه ِذ ِه ال ََ ِل َم ِة‬
‫َه ِذ ِه اِس ُم ا ِشَ ا َرة َمبنِي َع َلى ال ََ ْس ِر فِي َم َحل َر ْفع َنائِ ُب الفَا ِعلِ‬ ‫الضم‪ .‬الفَا ِع ُل َض ِمير ُم ْس َتتِر َتق ِدي ُر ُه اَ َنا‬ ‫اَ ْع ِر ُف فِعل ُم َضارِع َمرفُوع بِ َّ‬
‫ال ََلِ َم ُة َبدَل َمرفُوع َو َع َلا َم ُة َر ْف ِع ِه َض َّمة َظا ِه َرة‬ ‫َم َعانِ َي َم ْف ُعول بِ ِه َم ْن ُصوب َو َع َلا َم ُة َن ْصبِ ِه َف ْت َحة َظا ِه َرة َع َلى ا ِخ ِر ِه‬
‫اب‬‫رف َجر َمب ِني َع َلى ال ََ ْس ِر‪َ .‬لأ َم َح َّل َل ُه ِم َن ِالأ ْع َر ِ‬ ‫َح ُ‬ ‫بِـ‬ ‫َكثِي َر ًة َن ْعت َم ْن ُصوب َو َع َلا َم ُة َن ْصبِ ِه َف ْت َحة َظا ِه َرة‬
‫اِسم َمج ُرور َو َع َلا َم ُة َجر ِه َف ْت َحة ُم َق َّد َرة َع َلى ال َيا ِء ال َم ْح ُذو َف ِة‬ ‫َم َعاَ‬ ‫رف َجر َمبنِي َع َلى ال ََ ْس ِر‪َ .‬لأ َم َح َّل َل ُه ِم َن ِالأ ْع َر ِ‬
‫اب‬ ‫َح ُ‬ ‫لِـ‬
‫لِأَنَّ ُه َم ْم ُنوع ِم َن َّ‬
‫الص ْر ِف‬ ‫اِس ُم ا ِشَ ا َرة َمبنِي َع َلى ال ََ ْس ِر فِي َم َحل َجر اِ ْسم َم ْج ُرور‬ ‫َه ِذ ِه‬
‫َن ْعت َمج ُرور َو َع َلا َم ُة َجر ِه ك َْس َرة َظا ِه َرة‬ ‫َكثِي َرة‬ ‫ال ََلِ َم ِة َبدَل َمج ُرور َو َع َلا َم ُة َجر ِه ك َْس َرة َظا ِه َرة‬

LQM Quranic Arabic Notes Level3 v10

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LQM Quranic Arabic Notes Level3 v10

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‫الرِح ْيِم‬ ِ

Combining the Oath with the Condition -

4 Manqus - ‫المنقوص‬ 11 Exception

5 Condition – ‫الشّ رط‬ 12 Diptote

Date Ver Author Revision Comments

Jun. 07, 2015 6 Zahid Naeem Added notes for ‫القسم‬

Qur’anic Arabic Notes – Level 3 (v. 10) | info@lqmississauga.com | www.lqmississauga.com | © LQ Mississauga 3

Augmented Three Letter Verb Un-augmented Three Letter Verb

Qur’anic Arabic Notes – Level 3 (v. 10) | info@lqmississauga.com | www.lqmississauga.com | © LQ Mississauga 4

‫َف َّع َل‬ َ‫ل‬ ‫َف ْع َع‬ ‫َف َــُِـعـ َل‬

‫َد َّر َس‬ He taught ‫َد َر َس‬ He learnt

‫َقـتَّـ َل‬ He massacred ‫َقـ َتـ َل‬ He killed

‫َك َّس َر‬ He smashed ‫ك ََس َر‬ He broke

‫َس َّب َح‬ He praised/glorified ‫َس َب َح‬ He swam

‫َفـا َع َل‬ َ‫ل‬ ‫َف ا َع‬ ‫َف َــُِـعـ َل‬

‫َقـا َت َل‬ He fought ‫َقـ َت َل‬ He killed

‫َجـا َه َد‬ He endeavored, He strived ‫َج َه َد‬ He exerted himself

‫شَ ـا َه َد‬ He viewed, inspected, observed ‫شَ ِه َد‬ He witnessed

‫َنـا َدى‬ He called, He shouted ‫َندَا‬ He called

‫ا‬ Represents the alphabet )َ‫(ال‬ ‫ا‬

‫اَ ْف َع َل‬ َ‫ل‬ ‫َا ْف َع‬ ‫َف َــُِـعـ َل‬

‫اَ ْص َل َح‬ He made someone/something good ‫َص َل َح‬ He was good

‫َا ْس َل َم‬ He embraced Islam ‫َس ِل َم‬ He was safe

‫اَ َرا َد‬ He wanted, He wished ‫َرا َد‬ He looked for,

‫اَ َقا َم‬ He made someone/something standup ‫َقا َم‬ He stood up

Qur’anic Arabic Notes – Level 3 (v. 10) | info@lqmississauga.com | www.lqmississauga.com | © LQ Mississauga 7

‫َت َف َّع َل‬ َ‫ل‬ ‫َت َف ْع َع‬ ‫َف َــُِـعـ َل‬

‫َت َذ َّك َر‬ He remembered ‫َذ َك َر‬ He remembered

‫َت َولَّى‬ He turned back ‫َو َلى‬ He followed

‫َت َف ََّ َر‬ He meditated, reflected ‫َف ََ َر‬ He meditated, reflected

‫َت ََلَّ َم‬ He spoke ‫َك َل َم‬ He spoke

Qur’anic Arabic Notes – Level 3 (v. 10) | info@lqmississauga.com | www.lqmississauga.com | © LQ Mississauga 8

‫َت َفا َع َل‬ َ‫ل‬ ‫َت َف ا َع‬ ‫َف َــُِـعـ َل‬

َ‫َت َسا َءل‬ He asked (one another) َ‫َساَل‬ He asked

‫َت َضا َر َب‬ He quarreled, He brawled ‫َض َر َب‬ He hit

‫َتـ َنا َو َم‬ He pretended to sleep ‫َنا َم‬ He slept

Qur’anic Arabic Notes – Level 3 (v. 10) | info@lqmississauga.com | www.lqmississauga.com | © LQ Mississauga 9

‫ِِ ْن َف َع َل‬ َ‫ل‬ ‫ِِ َْ َف َع‬ ‫َف َــُِـعـ َل‬

‫ِِ ْن َق َل َب‬ He/it was overturned ‫َق َل َب‬ He/it overturned

‫ِِ ْن َق َط َع‬ He/it was cut ‫َق َط َع‬ He cut

‫ِِ ْن ََ َس َر‬ It got broke ‫ك ََس َر‬ He broke

ََ ‫ِِ ْن ََ َش‬ It got revealed, It got disclosed ََ ‫ك ََش‬ He revealed, He disclosed

‫ِِ ْن َب َغى‬ It was fitting and proper ‫َب َغى‬ He desired

‫ِِ ْن َه َز َم‬ He was defeated ‫َه َز َم‬ He defeated

Qur’anic Arabic Notes – Level 3 (v. 10) | info@lqmississauga.com | www.lqmississauga.com | © LQ Mississauga 10

‫ِِ ْف َت َع َل‬ َ‫ل‬ ‫ِِ ْف َت َع‬ ‫َف َــُِـعـ َل‬

‫ِِ ْج َت َم َع‬ He came together ‫َج َم َع‬ He collected, gathered

َ‫ِِ ْش َت َرك‬ He entered into partnership َ‫شَ رِك‬ He shared

‫ِِ ْنـ َتـ َهى‬ He terminated, He ceased ‫َن َهى‬ He prohibited

‫ِِ ْنـ َتـ َظ َر‬ He waited ‫َن َظ َر‬ He saw, looked

‫ِِ ْف َع َّل‬ َ‫ِِ ْف َع ْل ل‬ ‫َف َــُِـعـ َل‬

‫ِِ ْح َم َّر‬ He/it turned red

‫ِِ ْس َو َّد‬ He/it turned black

‫ض‬ َّ ‫ِِ ْب َيـ‬ He/it turned white

Qur’anic Arabic Notes – Level 3 (v. 10) | info@lqmississauga.com | www.lqmississauga.com | © LQ Mississauga 12

‫ِِ ْس َتـ ْف َع َل‬ َ‫ل‬ ‫ِِ ْس َت ْف َع‬ ‫َف َــُِـعـ َل‬

‫ِِ ْس َت ْغ َف َر‬ He sought forgiveness ‫َغ َف َر‬ He forgave

‫ِِ ْس َت َطا َع‬ He was able to ‫َطا َع‬ He was obedient

‫اب‬َ ‫ِِ ْس َت َج‬ He answered ‫اب‬َ ‫َج‬ He split

َ‫ِِ ْس َت ْه َزا‬ He mocked, He ridiculed ‫َهز َِئ‬ He mocked, He ridiculed

‫ِِ ْس َت ْع َج َل‬ He sought to hasten ‫َع ِج َل‬ He hastened

Qur’anic Arabic Notes – Level 3 (v. 10) | info@lqmississauga.com | www.lqmississauga.com | © LQ Mississauga 13

‫اِ ْس ُم‬ ‫اِ ْس ُم‬ ‫فِ ْع ُل‬ ‫ال ِف ْع ُل ال ِف ْع ُل‬

‫اِ ْس ُم‬ ‫اِ ْس ُم‬ ‫فِ ْع ُل‬ ‫ال ِف ْع ُل ال ِف ْع ُل‬