Fuente: Ziegler Gerhard.

Numerical Distance Protection.

SIEMENS. 4th edition. 2011

Alto Jahue Punta de Cortés

Modelado régimen permanente de máxima carga

154
ES ≔ ―― ⋅ 90% kV ⋅ e 1j ⋅ -30 ⋅ deg ER ≔ |ES| ⋅ e 1j ⋅ 1 ⋅ deg
‾‾
3

Z1S ≔ ((1.248 + 12.036i)) Ω Z1R ≔ ((4.040 + 21.349i)) Ω

Z1S = ((12.101 ∠ 84.08°)) Ω Z1R = ((21.728 ∠ 79.284°)) Ω

Z1L ≔ ((4.6429 + 23.4489i)) Ω

ZT ≔ Z1S + Z1L + Z1R |ZT| = 57.695 Ω arg ((ZT)) = 80.088 deg

ES - ER
ILoad ≔ ――― ||ILoad|| = 741.298 A arg ⎛⎝ILoad⎞⎠ = 175.412 deg
ZT

VRLoad ≔ ES - ILoad ⋅ Z1S ||VRLoad|| = 77.49 kV arg ⎛⎝VRLoad⎞⎠ = -23.735 deg

VRLoad
ZLoad ≔ ――― ||ZLoad|| = 104.533 Ω arg ⎛⎝ZLoad⎞⎠ = 160.853 deg
ILoad
 Fuente: Ziegler Gerhard.
Numerical Distance Protection.
SIEMENS. 4th edition. 2011

Alto Jahuel Punta de Cortés

Modelado régimen transitorio mínimo esperado

154
ES ≔ ―― ⋅ 100% kV ⋅ e 1j ⋅ -70 ⋅ deg ER ≔ |ES| ⋅ e 1j ⋅ 1 ⋅ deg
‾‾
3

ES - ER
ILoad ≔ ――― ||ILoad|| = 1789.805 A arg ⎛⎝ILoad⎞⎠ = 155.412 deg
ZT

VRLoad ≔ ES - ILoad ⋅ Z1S ||VRLoad|| = 76.975 kV arg ⎛⎝VRLoad⎞⎠ = -57.46 deg

VRLoad
ZLoad ≔ ――― ||ZLoad|| = 43.007 Ω arg ⎛⎝ZLoad⎞⎠ = 147.129 deg
ILoad
Modelado SIEMENS

Fuente: Ziegler Gerhard.

Numerical Distance Protection.
SIEMENS. 4th edition. 2011

600 154000 RTP

|ZT| = 57.695 Ω RTC ≔ ―― RTP ≔ ――― RZ ≔ ――= 11.667
5 110 RTC

υ ≔ arg ((ES)) = -70 deg slip ≔ 2 ⋅ Hz

Modo Intra planta (1.5 a 3 Hz): este modo se presenta cuando

máquinas de una misma planta oscilan entre ellas. Este po de
||ZT|| oscilación se amor gua rápidamente y no causa ningún problema.
RPPOL ≔ ――――= 41.199 Ω
| ⎛ υ ⎞|
|2 ⋅ tan ⎜― ⎟|
| ⎝ 2 ⎠|

∆Zsec ≔ 1 Ω Fixed Relay 5A ∆Zpri ≔ ∆Zsec ⋅ RZ = 11.667 Ω

||∆Zpri||
――― = 20% ∆tsetting ≔ 25 ms Si el empo medido está por encima del ajuste de empo, entonces se
||ZT|| ha detectado una situación de oscilación de potencia

v' ≔ ⎛⎝∆tsetting ⋅ slip ⋅ 360 ⋅ deg⎞⎠ + |υ| = 88 deg

∆Zpri 1 ||ZT||
dRRelaydtPPOL ≔ ――― = 466.667 Ω ⋅ ― RSPOL ≔ ――――= 29.872 Ω |R
∆tsetting s | ⎛ v' ⎞| | PPOL - RSPOL||
| 2 ⋅ tan ⎜―⎟| ――――― = 20%
dRRelaydtPPOL 1 | ⎝ 2 ⎠| ||ZT||
dRRelaydtPPOL_sec ≔ ――――― = 40 Ω ⋅ ―
RZ s
Simulación del ajuste (Fuente: ECE526: Protection of Power Systems II. University of Idaho. Moscow)

ss ≔ 2.5 Hz f ≔ 50 Hz ω≔2⋅π⋅f ω = 314.159 Hz sample ≔ 200 Nss ≔ 3

Nss Nss
fsample ≔ f ⋅ sample = 10000 Hz tend ≔ ―― = 1.2 s N ≔ fsample ⋅ ――= 30000
ss 1 ⋅ Hz

⎛ Nss ⎞
∆δ ≔ ⎜―― ⋅ 360 ⋅ deg⎟ = 0.0006 k≔0‥N-1 n≔1‥N-1 δ1 ≔ υ = -70 deg
⎝ N ⎠
δ ≔ δ1 δ ≔ δ + n ⋅ ∆δ
0 n 0

∆δ ⋅ f ∆t
∆t ≔ ―――― s = 0.002 s ∆T ≔ ―― = 0.002
ss ⋅ 360 ⋅ deg 1⋅s

n ⋅ ∆T
t ≔0 s t ≔ ――― t = 1.2 s
0 n f N-1

1j ⋅ δ
ES ≔ ES ⋅ e k
ER = ((88.898 + 1.552i)) kV
k

ES - ER
k
I ≔ ―――― βa ≔ arg ⎛I ⎞ IM ≔ |I |
k ZT k ⎝ k⎠ k | k|

VR ≔ ES - I ⋅ Z1S ϕa ≔ arg ⎛VR ⎞ VM ≔ |VR |

k k k k ⎝ k⎠ k | k|

VR
k
Zλ ≔ ―― is ≔ ‾‾
2 ⋅ |I | ⋅ sin ⎛ω ⋅ t ⎞ vs ≔ ‾‾
2 ⋅ |VR | ⋅ sin ⎛ω ⋅ t ⎞
k I k | k| ⎝ k⎠ k | k| ⎝ k⎠
k

150000

125000
100000
75000

50000

25000
0
0 0.12 0.24 0.36 0.48 0.6 0.72 0.84 0.96 1.08 1.2
-25000 vs ((V))
k
-50000

-75000
-100000
-125000

-150000

t ((s))
k
 5100
4250
3400

2550

1700
850

0
0 0.12 0.24 0.36 0.48 0.6 0.72 0.84 0.96 1.08 1.2
-850 is ((A))
k
-1700
-2550

-3400
-4250
-5100

t ((s))
k

61

56.5

52

47.5

43
|Zλ | ((Ω))
38.5 | k|
34

29.5 RPPOL ((Ω))

25

20.5 RSPOL (Ω)

16

11.5

0 0.12 0.24 0.36 0.48 0.6 0.72 0.84 0.96 1.08 1.2
t ( s)
k

tend
kt0 ≔ ―― = 120 ms
10
kt0 ⋅ f
kt1 ≔ for k ∊ ――‥ N - 1 = 6029
∆T
‖ if ||Zλ | - R |
‖ | | k| PPOL < 0.1 Ω
|
‖ ‖
‖ ‖k
‖ ‖ break
‖ else
‖
‖ ‖‖ k
‖
t = 241.16 ms
kt1
 kt2 ≔ for k ∊ kt1 + 1 ‥ N - 1 = 6709
‖ if ||Zλ | - R |
‖ | | k| SPOL < 0.1 Ω
|
‖ ‖
‖ ‖k
‖ ‖ break
‖ else
‖
‖ ‖‖ k
‖
t = 268.36 ms
kt2

∆tmedido ≔ t - t = 27 ms
kt2 kt1
Si el empo medido está por encima del ajuste de
empo, entonces se ha detectado una situación de
∆tsetting = 25 ms oscilación de potencia

k2 ≔ 0 ‥ N - 2

|Zλ | - |Zλ |
| k2 + 1| | k2|
dZλdt ≔ ――――――
k2 t -t
k2 + 1 k2

475

380

285

190

95

0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 ⎛ 1⎞
-95 dZλdt ⎜Ω ⋅ ―⎟
-190
k2
⎝ s⎠
-285

-380

-475

t ((s))
k2
 ||Z1L||
m ≔ 0 , 1 ‥ ―― ZR ≔ 80% Z1 ≔ ZR ⋅ Z1L = ((19.123 ∠ 78.8°)) Ω
ohm

( )
Zline ≔ e 1j ⋅ arg (Z1L) ⋅ m
m

l ≔ 0 , 1 ‥ 360 ε ≔ l ⋅ deg
l

Z1 Z1 1j ⋅ εl
Z1 ≔ ―― + ――⋅e R1 ≔ Re ((Z1L))
l 2 2
X1 ≔ Im ((Z1L)) Xmax ≔ max ((Im ((Z1)))) = 18.941 Ω
y ≔ -75 , -74 ‥ 75

Vectors for Right side blinders:

||RSPOL|| ||RPPOL||
――― ―――
R1 ohm R1 ohm
R5 ≔ ―― ⋅ y + ――――― R6 ≔ ―― ⋅ y + ―――――
y + 75 X1 sin ((arg ((Z1L)))) y + 75 X1 sin ((arg ((Z1L))))

Rmax ≔ max ((R6)) = 56.848

 60

50

40

30

20

10

0
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

-10 Im ⎛Z1 ⎞ ((Ω))

⎝ l⎠
-20

-30 y
-40
y
-50
Im ⎛Zline ⎞
-60 ⎝ m⎠

Im ⎛Zλ ⎞ ((Ω))
⎝ k⎠
Re ⎛Z1 ⎞ ((Ω)
⎝ l⎠ Im ⎛⎝ZLoad⎞⎠ ((Ω))
R5
y + 75

R6
y + 75

Re ⎛Zline ⎞
⎝ m⎠

Re ⎛Zλ ⎞ ((Ω)
⎝ k⎠

Re ⎛⎝ZLoad⎞⎠ ((Ω))
Modelado propuesto GE (Two Step). Alto Jahuel

|ZT|
――= 4.945 Ω
RZ

Fwd_Reachpri
Fwd_Reachpri ≔ ||Z1L + Z1R|| = 45.63 Ω Fwd_Reachsec ≔ ――――― = 3.91 Ω
RZ

Quad_Fwd_Outpri
Quad_Fwd_Outpri ≔ ||ZT|| = 57.7 Ω Quad_Fwd_Outsec ≔ ――――――= 4.95 Ω
RZ

Fwd_Rca ≔ arg ((Z1L)) = 79 deg

Rev_Reachpri
Rev_Reachpri ≔ ||Z1S|| = 12.1 Ω Rev_Reachsec ≔ ――――― = 1.04 Ω
RZ

Quad_Rev_Outpri
Quad_Rev_Outpri ≔ ||Z1S + Z1L|| = 35.97 Ω Quad_Rev_Outsec ≔ ――――――= 3.08 Ω
RZ

Outer_Rgt_Bldpri
Outer_Rgt_Bldpri ≔ RPPOL = 41.2 Ω Outer_Rgt_Bldsec ≔ ――――――= 3.53 Ω
RZ

Outer_Rgt_Bldpri
Outer_Lft_Bldpri ≔ RPPOL = 41.2 Ω Outer_Lft_Bldsec ≔ ――――――= 3.53 Ω
RZ

Inner_Rgt_Bldpri
Inner_Rgt_Bldpri ≔ RSPOL = 29.87 Ω Inner_Rgt_Bldsec ≔ ――――――= 2.56 Ω
RZ

Inner_Rgt_Bldpri
Inner_Lft_Bldpri ≔ RSPOL = 29.87 Ω Inner_Lft_Bldsec ≔ ――――――= 2.56 Ω
RZ

Delay_1_Pickup ≔ ∆tsetting = 25 ms
||ZT||
――= 4.945 Ω
RZ