Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ALAKJA
A Past Perfect Simple segédigéje: HAD (minden számban és személyben)
Ezt használjuk kijelentő, állító mondatokban és kérdezéskor, valamint tagadáskor is!
Ehhez kapcsolódik az adott ige (főige) 3. alakja. Tehát:
HASZNÁLATA
● A Past Perfect Simple igeidőt csak akkor használjuk, ha kifejezetten hangsúlyozni akarjuk
azt a múltbeli eseményt, amely egy másik múltbeli eseménynél/időpontnál már HAMARABB
ELKEZDŐDÖTT, ÉS MÁR BEFEJEZŐDÖTT, MIRE A MÁSIK MEGTÖRTÉNT
pl. Little Red Riding Hood met (1) the wolf in the forest. She started (2) to talk to him and
forgot (3) what her mother had warned (-1) her about.
(Piroska találkozott a farkassal az erdőben. Elkezdett beszélgetni vele, és elfelejtette, hogy
mire figyelmeztette (előtte) az anyukája.
↓
Az (1)., (2). és (3). események időrendben egymásután következtek.
A (-1). esemény még ezek előtt, hamarabb történt! → visszaugrottunk egy korábbi múltba
Megjegyzés:
A magyarban ezt a jelentést úgy tudjuk visszaadni, hogy egyéb szavakkal kiegészítjük a mondatot, pl.: mielőtt,
azelőtt, előtte stb.
… (időhossz) + before (azelőtt… idővel/ … tal azelőtt – egy adott múltbeli időponthoz viszonyítva)
pl. I met a friend last week whom I had seen two months before.
(A múlt héten találkoztam egy barátommal, akit azelőtt két hónappal láttam.)
↓
Tehát a barátomat a múlt héthez képest
két héttel azelőtt láttam.
Megjegyzés: Az ”ago” névutó itt nem használható, mert a jelentése: … -tal ezelőtt. Ez a
jelenhez viszonyít, és mellette Past Simple áll!
pl. I met a friend last week whom I saw two months ago.
(A múlt héten találkoztam egy barátommal, akit két hónappal ezelőtt láttam.)
↓
Tehát a barátomat a jelenhez képest
két héttel ezelőtt láttam.
Ahogy a Present Perfect-nél is már említettük, a statikus igék NEM VEHETNEK FEL
FOLYAMATOS ALAKOT.
Amikor az adott érzés, állapot, vélemény, érzékelés stb. még nem fejeződött be, folyamatosan
tartott egy ideje, amikor egy másik bekövetkezett, folyamatos alakot kellene használnunk. Ám
a statikus igét nem használhatjuk folyamatos alakban, helyette az egyszerű alak szerepel. Azaz:
annak kifejezése, hogy egy múltbeli állapot, érzés, vélemény, akarat stb. (statikus igék), egy
másik múltbeli esemény előtt kezdődött, és még tartott, amikor az bekövetkezett, PAST
PERFECT SIMPLE formában lehetséges.
pl. I had been there for two hours by the time my friend arrived.
(Két órája ott voltam, mire a barátom megérkezett.)
since… (valamilyen időpont óta) – utána azt az időpontot adjuk meg, amióta tartott az
esemény, amikor a másik bekövetkezett
pl. I had been there since 2 o’clock when my friend arrived.
(Két óra óta voltam ott, amikor a barátom megérkezett.)
for… (valamennyi ideje, valamilyen időhossz óta) – utána azt az időhosszt adjuk meg,
amely az előidejű esemény kezdetetől eltelt, mire a másik bekövetkezett.
pl. I had been there for 2 hours when my friend arrived.
(Két órája /óra hosszája voltam ott, amikor a barátom megérkezett.)
A/ because
e.g. He ate too much chocolate. He was sick.
→ He was sick because he had eaten too much chocolate.
B/ before
e.g. They had left. I didn't explain it properly.
→ They had left before I explained it properly.
2) Past Simple or Past Perfect Simple? Complete the gaps in these sentences with the best
form of the verb in brackets.
e.g. When the film ....... started....... (start) Beth realised she ......had seen...... (see) it before.
3) Complete the sentences using a suitable verb from the list in the Past Perfect. (The past
simple is also possible in some sentences)
BRUSH NOT CLIMB FEED SCORE
HIDE DO BECOME LEAVE
TELL SEE WIN HAVE
RIDE PUT NOT FINISH WRITE
1. By the time the bell rang, Mark ___________ his lunch at the canteen.
2. Bob’s cat ________________ a tree before the day it saw the neighbour’s new
bulldog.
3. Jim’s mother __________ just _________ him a beautiful tale when somebody
rang the door bell.
4. Peter and his dog ________________ under the table by the time Peter’s father
started looking for them.
5. Dave _________ already ____________ his teeth before his mother told him to
go to bed.
6. They ___________ never __________ a ride in a gondola until they went to
Venice last year.
7. By the time the match finished, the boys _____________ three goals.
8. They _________ already ________ best friends before they started going to
primary school.
9. Bob couldn’t lift the bag as he __________ a lot of books in it.
10. Ted started to run after he _______________ the dangerous dog.
11. The bus ______ already ______ by the time he arrived at the bus stop.
12. Henry _______ just ________ the dog when he heard a strange noise upstairs.
13. Lara ___________ the ironing by the time her husband returned home.
14. Tina _____________ her new bike only twice before someone stole it.
15. They went on a trip round the world as they ______________ a lot of money
one year before.
16. He _______ just _______ his girlfriend a letter when she phoned him to tell him
she was in town.
1. By the time we ____, everyone had left. 4. I ____ of it until you mentioned it.
arrived didn't hear
had arrived hadn't heard
2. They _____ a long time ago. 5. I ____ enough time to finish the exam.
finished didn't have
had finshed hadn't had
3. By that time, everybody ____ exhausted. 6. I _____ it until last month,.
was didn't try
had been hadn't tried
2)
1. The rain had stopped by the time we got to the beach.
2. Melissa was angry because her brother had eaten all the chocolates.
3. The jazz singer sang an old blues song that I had never heard before.
4. When I had written the letter I posted it straightaway.
3)
1. By the time the bell rang, Mark hadn’t finished his lunch at the canteen.
2. Bob’s cat hadn’t climbed a tree before the day it saw the neighbour’s new bulldog.
3. Jim’s mother had just told him a beautiful tale when somebody rang the door bell.
4. Peter and his dog had hidden under the table by the time Peter’s father started looking for them.
5. Dave had already brushed his teeth before his mother told him to go to bed.
6. They had never had a ride in a gondola until they went to Venice last year.
7. By the time the match finished, the boys had scored three goals.
8. They had already become best friends before they started going to primary school.
9. Bob couldn’t lift the bag as he had put a lot of books in it.
10. Ted started to run after he had seen the dangerous dog.
11. The bus had already left by the time he arrived at the bus stop.
12. Henryhad just fed the dog when he heard a strange noise upstairs.
13. Lara had done the ironing by the time her husband returned home.
14. Tina had ridden her new bike only twice before someone stole it.
15. They went on a trip round the world as they had won a lot of money one year before.
16. He had just written his girlfriend a letter when she phoned him to tell him she was in town.
4)
1. arrived 3. had been 5. didn't have
2. finished 4. hadn't heard
6. hadn't tried
5)
1. My friend gave me back the book that I had lent him two weeks before.
2. By the time Ann finished washing up everybody had gone to bed.
3. The room was very cold because the windows had been forgotten open.
4. Before Tome entered the room, he had knocked (/ knocked) three times.
5. Peter was ill because he had eaten thirty pancakes.