Bab 09 - k2 - Struktur Dan Esei

Bab 09 - Keseimbangan Redoks ChemQuest2021
PulauPinang2020-set2– Soalan 02]
Diagram 2.1 / Rajah 2.1

Based on Diagram 2.1
Berdasarkan Rajah 2.1
(i) Suggest a name for halogen X

Cadangkan satu nama bagi halogen X.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(ii) Write a half equation for the oxidation process that has occurred.
Tulis persamaan setengah pengoksidaan bagi proses yang berlaku.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(iii) Explain your answer in 2(a)(ii)

Terangkan jawapan anda di 2(a)(ii)
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(iv) Write ionic equation for the above reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan ion untuk tindak balas di atas.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(v) Describe other chemical test to verify the halogen formed in this reaction.
Huraikan ujian kimia lain untuk mengesahkan halogen yang terbentuk dalam
tindak balas ini.
.....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [2M]
1 oleh Adura Azlin bin Ishak – Julai2021

(b) Diagram 2.2 shows the changes involving iron, iron(II) ion and iron(III) ion.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan perubahan yang melibatkan ferum, ion ferum(III) dan
ion ferum (III).
Diagram 2.2/ Rajah 2.2
By referring to Diagram 2.2,

Dengan merujuk kepada Rajah 9.2
(i) Suggest a suitable chemical substance to carry out the changes in

Cadangkan satu bahan kimia yang sesuai untuk melaksanakan penukaran
dalam
Step I : ........................................................................................................
Langkah 1:
Step II : ........................................................................................................
Langkah 2:
[2M]
(ii) State the observation for each of the steps involved:

Nyatakan pemerhatian bagi setiap langkah yang terlibat:
Step I : ........................................................................................................
Langkah 1:
Step II : ........................................................................................................
Langkah 2:
2M]
[PerakTengah2020– Soalan 04]

(a) Diagram 4.1 shows a redox reaction between bromine water and
iron(II)sulphate solution.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan satu tindak balas redoks antara air bromin dan larutan
ferum(II)sulfat.
Bromine water
Air bromin
Iron(II)sulphate solution
Larutan ferum(II)sulfat

(i) State observation for the reaction.
Nyatakan pemerhatian bagi tindak balas tersebut.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(ii) What is the change in the oxidation number of bromine?

Apakah perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi bromin?
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(iii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi tindak balas tersebut.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(iv) Describe a test to confirm the cation produced.

Huraikan satu ujian untuk mengenal kation yang terhasil.
.........................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [2M]
(b) Diagram 4.2 shows an experiment of displacement of halogen from it's halide
solution.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan suatu eksperimen penyesaran halogen daripada larutan
halidanya.
(i) State an observation for the reaction in the test tube before tribromoethane is
added.
Nyatakan satu pemerhatian bagi tindak balas di dalam tabung uji sebelum
tribromoetana ditambahkan.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(ii) State the name of the substance that is oxidised.

Nyatakan nama bahan yang dioksidakan.
............................................................................................................. [1M]

(iii) Write the oxidation reaction equation for this reaction.
Tuliskan persamaan tindak balas pengoksidaan bagi tindak balas ini.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(iv) After tribromoethane is added into the test tube, state the colour of X layer.
Selepas tribromoetana ditambahkan ke dalam tabung uji, nyatakan warna lapisan
X.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(v) State another reagent that can replace bromine water.

Nyatakan satu reagen lain yang boleh menggantikan air bromin.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
[Pahang-PPD-Bentong2020 – Soalan 06]

The information below shows a list of apparatus and chemical substances that
can be used to carry out an experiment to investigate electron transfer at a
distance in redox reaction.
Maklumat di bawah menunjukkan senarai dan bahan kimia yang boleh
digunakan untuk menjalankan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji pemindahan
elektron pada suatu jarak dalam tindak balas redoks.
Material: Potassium bromide solution, Bromine water, sulphuric acid, two C electrodes
Bahan: Larutan kalium bromida, Air bromin, asid sulfurik, dua elektrod C
Apparatus: Voltmeter, connecting wires, U-tube, dropper

Radas: Voltmeter, wayar penyambung, tiub -U, penitis
(a) By using the information given, draw the set-up apparatus for the experiment.
Dengan menggunakan maklumat yang diberikan, lukiskan susunan radas bagi
eksperimen itu.
[2M]

(b)Describe briefly the steps taken to carry out the experiment by using the
apparatus and materials listed.
Huraikan secara ringkas langkah yang diambil untuk menjalankan eksperimen
dengan menggunakan radas dan bahan yang disenaraikan.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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(c) Table 6 shows the observation for the two substances.

Jadual 6 menunjukkan pemerhatian untuk kedua-dua bahan.
Substance Observation
Bahan Pemerhatian
Potassium bromide Colourless solution turns brown
Kalium bromida Larutan tidak berwarna menjadi perang
Bromine water Brown solution turns colourless
Air bromin Larutan perang menjadi tidak berwarna
Table / Jadual 6
(i) Explain the observation in potassium bromide solution in terms of electron

transfer.
Terangkan pemerhatian di larutan kalium bromida dari segi pemindahan elektron.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………..
............................................................................................................. [2M]
(ii) Write the half equation for the reaction that occur in potassium bromide
solution.
Tuliskan persamaan separa bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di dalam larutan
kalium bromida.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(d) Between the two solutions, which one is an oxidizing agent?

Antara dua larutan itu, yang manakah satu agen pengoksidaan?
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(e) State the change in oxidation number for bromine water.

Nyatakan perubahan dalam nombor pengoksidaan bagi air bromin.
............................................................................................................. [1M]

[Selangor2020–Set2- Soalan 05]
Diagram 5 shows the apparatus set-up of an experiment to investigate the
transfer of electrons at a distance.
Rajah 5 menunjukkan susunan radas eksperimen untuk menyiasat pemindahan
elektron pada suatu jarak.
Diagram 5/ Rajah 5
(a) State the function of dilute sulphuric acid.

Nyatakan fungsi asid sulfurik cair.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(b) Referring to the reaction that takes place at carbon electrode X:

Merujuk pada tindak balas yang berlaku di elektrod karbon X:
(i) Write the half equation for the reaction.

Tulis persamaan setengah untuk tindak balas itu.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(ii) State the colour change of iron(II) sulphate solution after 30 minutes.
Nyatakan perubahan warna larutan ferum(II) sulfat selepas 30 minit.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(iii) Describe briefly a chemical test to identify the cation formed at electrode X.
Huraikan secara ringkas ujian kimia untuk mengenal pasti kation yang
terbentuk di elektrod X.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [1M]

(c) Referring to the reaction that takes place at carbon electrode Y:
Merujuk pada tindak balas yang berlaku di elektrod karbon Y:
(i) Write the half equation for the reaction.

Tubs persamaan setengah untuk tindak balas itu.
............................................................................................................. [2M]
(ii) State one observation that takes place at carbon electrode Y:

Nyatakan satu pemerhatian yang berlaku di elektrod karbon Y:
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(iii) Calculate the oxidation number of chromium, Cr in dichromate ion, Cr 2O72-.

Hitung nombor pengoksidaan kromium, Cr dalam ion dikromat Cr 2O72-.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(iv) Suggest one substance to replace acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution.

Cadangkan satu bahan untuk menggantikan larutan kalium dikromat(VI)
berasid.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(d) Show the direction of the electron flow in Diagram 5.

Tunjukkan arah pengaliran elektron dalam Rajah 5.

Diagram 5 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate redox reaction. Rajah 5
menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji tindak balas redoks.
Diagram 5/ Rajah 5
(a) Show the direction of the electron flow in Diagram 5.

Tunjukkan arah pengaliran elektron dalam Rajah 5.

(b) What is the function of dilute sulphuric acid?
Apakah fungsi asid sulfurik cair?
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(c) Referring to the reaction that takes place at electrode P:

Merujuk kepada tindak balas yang berlaku di elektrod P:
(i) Write half equation for the reaction.

Tulis persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas itu.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(ii) Describe a chemical test to determine the product formed.

Huraikan ujian kimia untuk menentukan hasil yang terbentuk.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [2M]
(iii) What is the change in oxidation number of iodine in this reaction?

Apakah perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi iodin dalam tindak balas?
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(d) Referring to the reaction that takes place at electrode Q:

Merujuk kepada tindak balas yang berlaku di elektrod Q:
(i) What is the colour change of acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution?

Apakah perubahan warna bagi larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid?
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(ii) What is the function of acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution in the

reaction?
Apakah fungsi larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid dalam tindak balas ini?
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(iii) Write half equation for the reaction.

Tulis persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas ini.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(iv) What is the change in oxidation number of manganese in the reaction?

Apakah perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi mangan dalam tindak balas ini?
............................................................................................................. [1M]

(e) Suggest one substance that can replace acidified potassium manganate(VII)
solution in order to get the same product at P electrode.
Cadangkan satu bahan yang boleh menggantikan larutan kalium manganat(VII)
berasid untuk mendapatkan hasil yang sama di elektrod P.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
[NegeriSembilan2020 – Soalan 06]

Diagram 6 shows the apparatus set-up used in an experiment to study the
transfer of electron at a distance.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan alat radas yang digunakan dalam satu
eksperimen untuk mengkaji pemindahan elektron pada satu jarak.
Diagram 6 / Rajah 6
(a) What substance can be used to replace bromine water?

Apakah bahan yang boleh digunakan untuk menggantikan air hromin?
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(b) State the observation if tetrachloromethane is used to replace sulphuric acid.

Explain your answer.
Nyatakan pemerhatian jika tetraklorometana digunakan bagi menggantikan asid
sulfurik. Terangkan jawapan anda.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [2M]
(c) Write the half equation for the reaction occur at electrode X.
Tulis persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di elektrod X.
............................................................................................................. [1M]

(d) At electrode Y, the solution changes from green to brown.
Pada elektrod Y, larutan berubah dari hijau kepada perang.
(i) Explain the process occur at electrode Y in term of transfer of electron.

Terangkan proses yang berlaku di elektrod Y dari segi pemindahan elektron.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [3M]
(ii) Describe briefly how to identify the presence of ion produced in the reaction.
Huraikan dengan ringkas bagaimana untuk mengenal pasti kehadiran ion yang
terhasil dalam tindak balas itu.
.....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [2M]
(e) By using suitable apparatus, bromine water and iron(II) sulphate solution,
draw a different apparatus set-up to show the transfer of electron at a distance.
Dengan menggunakan alat radas yang sesuai, air bromin dan larutan ferum(III)
sulfat, lukiskan susunan radas yang berbeza untuk menunjukkan pemindahan
elektron pada satu jarak.
[2M]
[PulauPinang2020-set1– Soalan 05] 1.1

Ali conducts an experiment to investigate the transfer of electrons at a distance in
a redox reaction between iron(II) sulphate and acidified potassium manganate(VII)
solution. The ionic equation below represents the reaction occurs.
Ali telah menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji pemindahan elektron pada
satu jarak dalam tindak balas redoks antara larutan ferum(II) sulfat dengan
larutan kalium manganat(VII) berasid. Persamaan ion di bawah mewakili tindak
balas yang berlaku.
5Fe2+ + MnO4- + 8H+  5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O

(a) Based on the ionic equation
Berdasarkan persamaan ion:
(i) State the colour change of iron(II) sulphate solution

Nyatakan perubahan warna bagi larutan ferum(II) sulfat.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(ii) State the process occurs in (a)(i)

Nyatakan proses yang berlaku di (a)(i).
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(b) Calculate the oxidation number of manganese in manganate(VII) ion.

Hitungkan nombor pengoksidaan mangan dalam ion manganat (VII)
[2M]
(c)(i) State the oxidising agent in the reaction.

Nyatakan agen pengoksidaan dalam tindak balas ini.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(ii) Explain your answer based on transferring of electrons.

Terangkan jawapan anda dengan merujuk kepada pemindahan elektron.
.....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [2M]
(d) Table 5 shows a list of apparatus and materials.

Jadual 5 menunjukkan senarai radas dan bahan.
Apparatus and materials

Radas dan bahan
*U-tube *iron (II) sulphate solution
Tiub U Larutan ferum (II) sulfat
*Galvanometer *Acidified potassium manganate(VII)

Galvanometer solution
larutan kalium manganat(VII)
*connecting wire berasid
Wayar penyambung
* dilute sulphuric acid
*carbon electrodes Asid sulfurik cair
Elektrod karbon
Table 5/ Jadual 5

(i) Draw a labelled diagram to show the apparatus set-up to investigate the
transfer of electrons at a distance. The diagram must include the apparatus and
materials given in Table 1.
Lukis satu rajah berlabel untuk menunjukkan susunan radas bagi mengkaji
pemindahan elektron pada satu jarak. Rajah itu hendaklah menggunakan radas
dan bahan yang diberi dalam Jadual 1
[2M]
(ii) The students replace dilute sulpuric acid with sodium carbonate solution.
Galvanometer needle does not show deflection? Explain why?
Pelajar tersebut mengantikan asid sulfurik cair dengan larutan natrium
karbonat.
Jarum galvanometer tidak menunjukkan pesongan? Terangkan mengapa.
.....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [2M]
[PulauPinang2020-set2– Soalan 06]

Diagram 6 shows the apparatus set-up of a voltaic cell X.
Rajah 6 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi suatu sel voltan X.
Diagram 6/ Rajah 6

(a) Based on Diagram 6
Berdasarkan Rajah 6
(i) What is the function of porous pot?

Apakah fungsi pasu berliang?
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(ii) State the negative terminal of the voltaic cell.

Nyatakan terminal negatif bagi sel voltan.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(iii) Explain your answer in 6(a)(ii)

Terangkan jawapan anda di 6(a)(ii)
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(iv) Name the type of reaction that occurred at copper electrode.

Namakan jenis tindak balas yang berlaku di elektrod kuprum.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(v) Write the half equation for the formation of brown solid.
Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi pembentukan pepejal kelabu.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(b) Diagram 2.1 shows an incomplete cell Q to electroplate an iron key with silver.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan sel Q yang tidak lengkap untuk menyadurkan kunci
besi dengan argentum.
(i) Complete the diagram of cell Q in the space provided.

Lengkapkan rajah bagi sel Q dalam ruang yang disediakan.
............................................................................................................. [1M]

(ii) State one observation in cell Q after 30 minutes.
Nyatakan satu pemerhatian dalam sel Q selepas 30 minit.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(iii) Write the half equation for the reaction occurred at the iron key.
Tulis persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas yang berlaku pada kunci besi.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(iv) What happens to the concentration of silver ions in cell Q.

Apakah yang berlaku kepada kepekatan ion argentum dalam sel Q. Terangkan
jawapan anda.
.....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [2M]
[MRSM2020 – Soalan 02]

Diagram 2 shows the apparatus setup for a chemical cell
Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi suatu sel kimia
Diagram 2/ Rajah 2
State the ions present in copper(II) sulphate solution.

Nyatakan ion-ion yang hadir dalam larutan kuprum(II) sulfat.
Cation : ………………………………………………………………………..
Kation
Anion : ………………………………………………………………………..
Anion
[2M]
(b) State the negative terminal.

Nyatakan terminal negatif.
............................................................................................................. [1M]

(c) After 20 minutes,
Selepas 20 minit,
(i) state the observation at zinc.

nyatakan pemerhatian pada zink
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(ii) write the half equation for the reaction occurred at zinc and copper electrodes.
tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di elektrod zink dan
elektrod kuprum.
Zinc electrode : ………………………………………………………………………..

Elektrod zink
Copper electrode : ………………………………………………………………………..

Elektrod kuprum
[2M]
(iii) state the observation of the copper(II) sulphate solution. Explain your answer.
nyatakan pemerhatian bagi larutan kuprum(II) sulfat. Terangkan jawapan anda.
.....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [2M]
(d) A student wants to increase the voltage of the cell. Suggest a suitable metal to
replace zinc.
Seorang pelajar ingin meningkatkan voltan sel tersebut. Cadangkan satu logam
yang sesuai bagi menggantikan zink.
............................................................................................................. [1M]

[PulauPinang2020-Set3- – Soalan 03]
(a) Diagram 3.1 shows a chemical cell
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan sebuah sel kimia
Two different metal electrodes are immersed into an electrolyte. Table 3 shows the
potential difference and the negative terminal when different pairs of metal are
used in a simple voltaic cell to construct electrochemical series.
Dua jenis elektrod logam berbeza direndam ke dalam elektrolit. Jadual 3
menunjukkan beza keupayaan dan terminal negatif apabila pasangan logam
yang berlainan digunakan dalam sel voltan ringkas untuk membina siri
elektrokimia.
Pair of metal Potential difference/V Negative terminal
Pasangan logam Beza keupayaan/V Terminal negatif
P-Q 0.70 Q
P-R 1.10 R
S-Q 1.65 S
T-S 0.55 T
Table 3/ Jadual 3
(i) Suggest a suitable electrolyte for the above experiment. .

Cadangkan elektrolit yang sesuai untuk eksperimen di atas.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(ii) Arrange metals P, Q, R, S and T in descending order in the electrochemical

series.
Susunkan logam P, Q, R, S dan T mengikut susunan tertib menurun dalam siri
elektrokimia.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(iii) Based on your answer in 3(a)(ii), state the pair of electrode that will give the
highest voltage reading. Predict the potential difference of this cell.
Berdasarkan jawapan anda dalam 3(a)(ii), nyatakan pasangan elektrod yang
memberikan bacaan voltan paling tinggi. Ramalkan beza keupayaan sel ini.
Pair of metal : ………………………………………………………………..

Pasangan logam :
Potential difference : ………………………………………………………………..

Beza keupayaan : [2M]
(iv) If metal Q is copper, suggest metal P. Give a reason.
Jika logam Q adalah kuprum, cadangkan logam P. Berikan satu sebab.
.....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [2M]
(b) Diagram 3.2 shows the set-up of apparatus used by a student to coat an iron
spoon with a layer of copper.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan oleh pelajar untuk
menyadur sudu besi dengan lapisan kuprum
(i) State the name of the process carried out by the student.
Nyatakan nama proses yang dijalankan oleh pelajar tersebut.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(ii) State the energy changes for the cell in Diagram 3.2.
Nyatakan perubahan tenaga untuk sel dalam Rajah 3.2.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(iii) Write the half-equations for the reactions that take place at the
Tuliskan persamaan setengah untuk tindak balas yang berlaku di
Anode : ...............................................................................................
anod:
cathode : ...............................................................................................
katod:
[2M]

Table 1 shows the apparatus set-up, description and observation for experiment I
and II.
Jadual 3 menunjukkan susunan radas, huraian dan pemerhatian bagi
eksperimen I dan II.
Experiment I II
Eksperimen
Apparatus
setup
Susunan
radas
Description Electrolysis of molten lead(II) Electrolysis of

Huraian bromide using carbon 1 mol dm-3 sodium sulphate
electrodes solution using carbon
Elektrolisis leburan electrodes.
plumbum(II) bromida Elektrolisis
menggunakan elektrod 1.0 mol dm-3 larutan
karbon natrium sulfat
menggunakan elektrod
karbon.
Observation Grey solid is formed at the Gas bubbles are released at

Pemerhatia cathode the anode and cathode
n Pepejal kelabu terenap di Gelembung-gelembung gas
katod dibebaskan di anod dan
katod
Table 1/ Jadual 1
(a) State all the ions present in:

Nyatakan semua ion yang hadir dalam:
(i) molten lead(II) bromide

Leburan plumbum(II) bromida
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(ii) sodium sulphate solution
Larutan natrium sulfat
............................................................................................................. [1M]

Based on experiment I
Berdasarkan eksperimen I
(i) Name the grey solid produced

Namakan pepejal kelabu yang terhasil
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(ii) Write the half equation for the formation of grey solid.
Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi pembentukan pepejal kelabu.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(iii) State the observation at anode.

Nyatakan pemerhatian di anod
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(c) Based on experiment II

Berdasarkan eksperimen II
(i) Name the ion that is discharged at anode.

Namakan ion yang dinyahcas di anod.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(ii) Explain your answer in (c)(i) based on the factors that influence the selective
discharged of ion.
Terangkan jawapan anda di (c)(i) berdasarkan faktor yang mempengaruhi
pemilihan ion untuk dinyahcas.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(iii) State the product of electrolysis at

Nyatakan hasil tindak balas yang terbentuk di
Cathode: ............................................................................................ [1M]

Katod:
(iv) Name another solution that will give the same products of electrolysis as in
experiment II.
Namakan satu larutan lain yang akan memberikan hasil elektrolisis yang sama
seperti dalam eksperimen II.
............................................................................................................. [1M]

[Terengganu2020–Soalan 04]
Diagram 4 shows the apparatus set up for the electrolysis of sodium nitrate
solution using carbon electrodes.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk elektrolisis larutan natrium nitrat
menggunakan elektrod karbon.
Diagram 4/ Rajah 4
(a) Write the formulae of all the ions present in sodium nitrate solution, Tulis
formula bagi semua ion yang hadir dalam larutan natrium nitrat.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(b) Electrode Q acts as a cathode.

Elektrod Q bertindak sebagai katod
(i) What is meant by cathode?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan katod?
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(ii) What is gas Y?

Apakah gas Y ?
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(iii) Explain your answer in 4(b)(ii) in terms of selective discharge of ions.

Terangkan jawapan anda di 4(b)(ii) berdasarkan pemilihan discas ion.
.....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [2M]
(c) Gas X is collected at the anode. Gas X can rekindle a glowing wooden splinter.
Write the half equation for the reaction at the anode.
Gas X dikumpulkan di anod. Gas X boleh menyalakan kayu uji berbara.
Tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas di anod.
............................................................................................................. [2M]
(d) Rosli discovers his key which is made up of iron has rusted. By using the
knowledge on electrolysis, describe briefly how he solves the problem.
Rosli mendapati anak kuncinya diperbuat daripada besi telah berkarat Dengan
menggunakan pengetahuan tentang elektrolisis, huraikan secara ringkas
bagaimana dia menyelesaikan masalah itu.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [3M]
[Terengganu2020–Soalan 06]
Table 6 shows the information for four sets of experiment to construct the
reactivity series of metals
Jadual 6 menunjukkan maklumat bagi empat set eksperimen untuk membina
siri kereaktifan logam.
Set Reactants Observation

Bahan tindak balas Pemerhatian
I Carbon + lron(III) oxide Grey solid is formed
Karbon + Ferum(III) oksida Pepejal kelabu terhasil
II Carbon + oxide of X Brown solid is formed
Karbon + oksida X Pepejal perang terhasil
III Carbon + Magnesium oxide No change
Karbon + Magnesium oksida Tiada perubahan
IV X + Iron(III) oxide No change
X + Ferum(III) oksida Tiada perubahan
Table 6/ Jadual 6
(a) Set I is a redox reaction

Set I adalah tindak balas redoks.
(i) What is the meaning of redox reaction?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan tindak balas redoks?
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu.
............................................................................................................. [2M]

(iii) State the change in the oxidation number of iron.
Nyatakan perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi besi.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(iv) Which substance undergoes reduction?

Bahan manakah mengalami penurunan?
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(b) Based on Set II and Set III, explain the difference in the observations.
Berdasarkan Set II dan Set III, terangkan perbezaan dalam pemerhatian itu.
.....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [2M]
(c) (i) Arrange X, carbon, magnesium and iron in descending order of

reactivity.
Susun X , karbon, magnesium dan ferum mengikut tertib menurun kereaktifan.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(ii) Suggest X.
Cadangkan X
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(d) Draw a labelled diagram for the apparatus set-up used in Set U,
Lukis gambar rajah berlabel bagi susunan radas yang digunakan dalam Set II.
[2M]

[PulauPinang2020-Set3- – Soalan 06]
Diagram 6.1 shows the apparatus set-up of an experiment to determine the
reactivity series of metals towards oxygen.
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu eksperimen untuk
menentukan siri kereaktifan logam terhadap oksigen.
Table 6.1 shows the observation when different metals react with oxygen.
P, Q and R represent three unknown metals.
Jadual 6.1 menunjukkan pemerhatian bagi logam berbeza yang bertindak balas
dengan gas oksigen. P, Q dan R mewakili tiga logam yang tidak diketahui.
Experiment Metal powder Observation

Eksperimen Serbuk logam Pemerhatian
I P Burn brightly
Menyala terang
II Q Glow faintly
Membara malap
III R Glow brightly
Membara terang
IV Zinc Burn slowly
Zink Menyala perlahan
Table 6.1/ Rajah 6.1
Based on the experiment,
Berdasarkan eksperimen,
(a) State the function of potassium manganate(VII)

Nyatakan fungsi kalium manganat(VII)
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(b) Based on Experiment IV,/ Berdasarkan Eksperimen IV,
(i) Write a balanced chemical equation of the reaction

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu
............................................................................................................. [2M]
(ii) State the change in oxidation number of zinc

Nyatakan perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi zink
............................................................................................................. [1M]

(c) Based on the observations in Table 6.1, arrange P, Q, R and zinc in ascending
order of the reactivity towards oxygen.
Berdasarkan kepada pemerhatian di Jadual 6.1, susunkan P, Q, R dan zink
mengikut tertib menaik dalam kereaktifan terhadap oksigen.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(d) Metal Q turns black after the reaction Name metal Q.

Logam Q menjadi hitam selepas tindak balas.
Namakan logam Q
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(e) Carbon is placed between metal P and zinc in the reactivity series of metals.
Which metal can be extracted from their oxides by using carbon when heated
together?
Karbon berada di antara logam P dan zink dalam siri kereaktifan logam.
Logam manakah dapat diekstrakkan daripada oksida logamnya dengan
menggunakan karbon apabila dipanaskan bersama?
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(f)Diagram 6.2 shows the apparatus set-up to investigate the displacement of

halogen from its halide solution. Chlorine water was added to a test tube
containing a solution Y and organic solvent, 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji penyesaran halogen
daripada larutan halidanya. Air klorin ditambah ke dalam tabung uji yang
mengandungi larutan Y dan pelarut organik 1,1,1-trikloroetana.
Based on Diagram 6.2

Berdasarkan Rajah 6.2
(i) Name the solution Y.

Namakan larutan Y.
............................................................................................................. [1M]

(ii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction.
Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi tindak balas itu.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(iii) State the name of another solution that can replace chlorine water. Nyatakan
nama satu larutan lain yang boleh menggantikan air klorin.
............................................................................................................. [1M]

Diagram 4.1 shows the formation of rust on the surface of iron gate, Diagram 4.1
menunjukkan pembentukan karat di atas permukaan pagar besi.
(a) State the condition for the rusting of iron.

Nyatakan keadaan yang diperlukan untuk pengaratan besi.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(b) The rusting of iron is a redox reaction.

Pengaratan besi merupakan tindak balas redoks.
(i) Name the substance that is oxidised.

Namakan bahan yang mengalami pengoksidaan.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(ii) Write the half equation for b(i).

Tuliskan persamaan setengah untuk b(i).
............................................................................................................. [1M]

(c) Iron gate rust faster in coastal areas.
Pagar besi di kawasan pantai lebih cepat berkarat.
(i) Explain this phenomenon.

Terangkan fenomena ini.
.....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [2M]
(ii) Suggest one way to prevent the rusting of the iron gate.
Cadangkan satu kaedah imtuk menghalcmg pengaratan pagar best itu.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(d) Diagram 4.2 shows the apparatus set up to construct reactivity series of
metals.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk membina siri kereaktifan logam.
Table 2 shows the information for two sets of the experiment.

Jadual 2 menunjukkan maklumat bagi dua set eksperimen tersebut.
Se Reactants Observation
t Bahan tindak balas Pemerhatian
I Carbon + Aluminium oxide No changes
Karbon + Aluminium oksida Tiada perubahan
II Carbon + Oxide of X Brown solid formed
Karbon + Oksida X Pepejal perang terbentuk
Table 2/ Jadual 2
(i) Suggest metal X.
Cadangkan logam X.
............................................................................................................. [1M]
(ii) Based on Set I and Set II, explain the differences in the observations.
Berdasarkan Set I dan Set II, terangkan perbezaan dalam pemerhatian itu.
.....................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................. [2M]

(iii) Arrange X, carbon and aluminium in ascending order based on the reactivity
towards oxygen.
Susun X, karbon dan aluminium dalam tertib menaik berdasarkan kereaktifan
terhadap oksigen.
............................................................................................................. [1M]

Esei
[Johor2020-Set 2 – Soalan 10]

(a) Diagram 10.1 shows the changes involving iron(II) ion and iron(III) ions.
Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan perubahan yang melibatkan ion ferum(II) dan ion
ferum(III).
By referring to Diagram 10.1, suggest a suitable chemical substance to carry out

the changes in Steps I and II. Your answers should include the observation for
each of the step involved.
Dengan merujuk pada Rajah 10.1, cadangkan bahan kimia yang sesuai untuk
melakukan perubahan pada Langkah I dan II. Jawapan anda haruslah
merangkumi pemerhatian untuk setiap langkah yang terlibat.
[4M]
(b) Diagram 10.2 shows an apparatus set-up to investigate the effect of two
different metals, X and Y on the rusting of iron, Fe.
Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji kesan dua logam
berlainan, X dan Y terhadap pengaratan besi, Fe.
The result of this experiment after three days is shown in Table 10. Keputusan
eksperimen selepas tiga hari ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 10.
Pair of metals Observation

Pasangan logam Pemerhatian
Fe, X Dark blue colour
Warna biru tua
Fe, Y No change
Tiada perubahan
Table 10/ Jadual 10

Based on Table 10, suggest the identity of metals, X and Y.
Give two reasons for each of your choices.
Berdasarkan Jadual 10, cadangkan identiti logam X dan Y.
Berikan dua sebab bagi setiap pilihan anda.
[6M]
(c) By using a suitable halogen and a halide solution, describe an experiment to

verify the above statement. In your answer include:
• Procedure
• Observation
• Chemical equation
• Chemical test to verify the product formed
Dengan menggunakan satu halogen dan satu larutan halida yang sesuai,
huraikan satu eksperimen untuk mengesahkan pernyataan di atas. Dalam
penerangan anda, hendaklah disertakan:
• Prosedur
• Pemerhatian
• Persamaan kimia
• Ujian kimia untuk menentusahkan hasil tindak balas yang terbentuk
[10M]
[SBP 2020 – Bab 12]

(a) The following chemical equation shows the displacement of halogen.
Persamaan kimia berikut menunjukkan tindak baias penyesaran halogen.
Br2 + 2KI  2KBr + I2

Based on the chemical equation:
Berdasarkan persamaan kimia itu:
(i) State the oxidation number for iodine in potassium iodide and its role in the
reaction.
Nyatakan nombor pengoksidaan bagi iodin dalam kalium iodida dan peranannya
dalam tindak balas ini.
(ii) Write the half equation for reduction reaction.

Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas penurunan
[3M]
(b) Diagram 8.1 shows photosynthesis process
Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan proses fotosintesis

The photosynthesis process is a redox reaction which is represented by the
chemical equation below.
Proses fotosintesis adalah satu tindak balas redoks yang diwakili oleh persamaan
kimia di bawah.
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Based on the chemical equation:

Berdasarkan persamaan kimia itu:
(i) State the substances that undergo oxidation and reduction in the reaction.
Explain your answer in terms of gain or loss of hydrogen.
Nyatakan bahan yang mengalami pengoksidaan dan penurunan dalam tindak
balas itu.
Terangkan jawapan anda dari segi penerimaan dan kehilangan hidrogen.
[4M]
(ii) If a tree absorbs 270 dm3 of carbon dioxide gas per day, calculate the volume
of oxygen gas released.
Jika sebatang pokok menyerap 270 dm3 gas karbon dioksida sehari, hitung isi
padu gas oksigen yang terbebas.
[Molar volume of gas at room conditions: 24 dm3 mol-1 ]
[Isi padu molar gas pada keadaan bilik: 24 dm 3 mol-1]
[3M]
(c) Table 8.2 shows the information for two set of experiments. Set I and Set II.
Jadual 82 menunjukkan maklumat bagi dua set eksperimen, Set I dan Set II.
Set I II
Apparatus
set-up
Susunan
radas
Observation The mixture bums brightly. The mixture glows dimly.

Pemerhatia Brown solid is formed. Grey solid is formed.
n Campuran terbakar terang. Campuran berbara malap.
Pepejal perang terbentuk. Pepejal kelabu terbentuk.
Table 8.2/ Jadual 8.2
Based on the Table 8.2:
Berdasarkan Jadual 8.2:
(i) Suggest metal P and metal Q.

Cadangkan logam P dan logam Q.
(ii) Explain the observation for Set I and Set II. Your explanation should include:

Terangkan pemerhatian bagi Set I dan Set 13. Penerangan anda perlulah
termasuk:
• The substance that is oxidised

Bahan yang dioksidakan
• Change in the oxidation number of copper.

Perubahan nombor pengoksidaan kuprum.
[10M]

(b) Diagram 8.2 shows a chemical cell.
Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan suatu sel kimia.
(i) State the positive terminal and the negative terminal of the cell.
Write the half equation at both terminals.
Nyatakan terminal positif dan terminal negatif bagi sel tersebut.
Tulis persamaan setengah pada kedua-dua terminal.
[5M]
(ii) The experiment is repeated by using different pair of metals.
Table 8 shows the results of the experiment.
Eksperimen tersebut diulangi dengan menggunakan pasangan logam yang lain.
Jadual 8 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen tersebut.
Pair of metals Positive terminal Potential difference (V)

Pasangan logam Terminal positif Beza keupayaan (V)
Mg, Cu 3.1
X, Y Y 0.3
Mg, X X 1.8
X, Cu
Table 8/ Jadual 8

• Based on the values of potential differences, arrange the metals in descending
order in the electrochemical series.
Berdasarkan nilai beza keupayaan, susun logam-logam tersebut dalam tertib
menurun dalam siri elektrokimia.
• Predict the value of potential difference and the positive terminal for the pair of
metals X and copper.
Ramalkan nilai beza keupayaan dan terminal positif bagi pasangan logam X dan
kuprum. Terangkan jawapan anda.
[5M]

(d) Diagram 8.3 shows the apparatus set-up for a simple chemical cell. Rajah 8.3
menunjukkan susunan radas untuk satu sel kimia ringkas.
(i) State the positive terminal and negative terminal of this cell.
Nyatakan terminal positif dan terminal negatif bagi sel ini.
(ii) Write a half equations at positive terminal and negative terminal of this cell.
Tulis persamaan setengah pada terminal positif dan terminal negatif bagi sel ini.
[6M]
(e) Table 8 shows the voltage of chemical cells using different pairs of metal. The
negative terminal and the value of voltage for the pair of metals Q and R are not
given. R Q and R are not the actual symbols of the metals.
Jadual 8 menunjukkan voltan bagi sel-sel kimia yang menggunakan pasangan
logam yang berlainan. Terminal negatif dan nilai voltan bagi pasangan logam Q
dan R tidak diberi. P, Q dan R bukan merupakan simbol sebenar logam-logam
itu.
Electrode pairs Voltage value/ V Negative terminal
Pasangan elektrod Nilai voltan/ V Terminal negatif
P/Cu 1.90 P
P/Q 0.60 P
Q/R 0.70 Q
R/Cu
Table 8/ Jadual 8

(i) Based on the voltage values, arrange the metals in descending order in
electrochemical series.
Berdasarkan nilai voltan, susunkan logam dalam urutan menurun dalam siri
elektrokimia.
[1M]
(ii) Predict the negative terminal and the voltage value for the pair of metals R and
copper. Explain your answer.
Ramalkan terminal negatif dan nilai voltan bagi pasangan logam R dan kuprum.
Terangkan jawapan anda.
[3M]
[Melaka2020 – Soalan 09]

(a) Electrochemical Series can be constructed by using the potential difference
obtained when two different metals are used as electrodes as shown in Diagram
9.1.
Siri Elektrokimia boleh dibina dengan menggunakan beza keupayaan yang
diperoleh apabila dua logam berbeza digunakan sebagai elektrod seperti yang
ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 9.1.
Table 9 shows the result of an experiment conducted by a group of students

using the apparatus setup in Diagram 9.
Jadual 9 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen yang dijalankan oleh sekumpulan
pelajar menggunakan susunan radas dalam Rajah 9.1.
Pair of metal Potential difference Positive terminal

Pasangan logam Beza keupayaan Terminal positive
Set I Mg - Y 1.9 V Y
Set II Cu - Y 1.1 V Cu
Set III Pb - Y 0.7 V Pb
Table 9/ Jadual 9
Using the result in the table 9, arrange the metals based on ascending order of
electropositivity. Explain your answer.
Dengan menggunakan keputusan dalam Jadual 9, susun logam-logam itu
berdasarkan tertib menaik keelektropositifannya. Terangkan jawapan anda.
[4M]

(b) Diagram 9.2 shows the observations of another experiment conducted by the
same group of students to identify the position of metals, R and S in the
Electrochemical Series.
Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan pemerhatian bagi eksperimen lain yang dijalankan oleh
sekumpulan pelajar yang sama untuk mengenal pasti kedudukan logam, R dan S
dalam Siri Elektrokimia.
Set Observation
Pemerhatian
A
Based on the observation, predict the position of metal R and S in

Electrochemical Series. Compare and explain the difference in observations
obtained in Sets A and B
Berdasarkan pemerhatian itu, ramalkan kedudukan logam R dan S dalam Siri
Elektrokimia. Banding dan terangkan perbezaan pemerhatian yang diperolehi
dalam Set A dan Set B.
[6M]

(c) Puan Rohani bought a dozen iron spoon from a supermarket. She found that
some of the spoon has rusted. Based on your knowledge of electroplating,
describe an experiment for that you can carry out in the laboratory to electroplate
the iron spoon. Your description must include:
• Name of the electroplating metal
• Material and apparatus
• Procedure
• Observation at anode and cathode
• Half equation at anode and cathode
Puan Rohani telah membeli sedozen sudu besi daripada sebuah pasaraya. Dia
mendapati beberapa sudu besi itu telah berkarat. Berdasarkan pengetahuan
anda tentang penyaduran logam, huraikan satu eksperimen yang boleh
dijalankan dalam makmal untuk menyadurkan sudu besi itu. Huraian anda
mesti mengandungi:
• Satu logam penyadur yang dinamakan
• Bahan dan radas
• Prosedur
• Pemerhatian di anod dan katod
• Setengah persamaan di anod dan katod.
[10M]

(a) Table 8 shows a series of experiment carried out to construct the
electrochemical series. The positive terminal and the value for potential difference
for the pair of metals X and copper, Cu are not given. W, X and Y are not actual
symbols of the metals.
Jadual 8 menunjukkan keputusan satu siri eksperimen yang dijalankan untuk
membina siri elektrokimia. Terminal positif dan nilai beza keupayaan untuk
pasangan logam X dan kuprum tidak diberikan. W, X dan Y bukan simbol
sebenar logam-logam itu.

Pasangan logam Terminal positif Beza keupayaan(V)
W, X X 1.6
X, Y Y 0.4
W, Cu Cu 2.9
X, Cu
Table 8/ Jadual 8
(i) Based on the values of the potential differences, arrange the metals in
ascending order in the electrochemical series.
menaik dalam siri elektrokimia.
[1M]
(ii) (i) Predict the positive terminal and the value of potential difference for the pair
of metals X and Cu. Explain your answer.
Ramalkan terminal positif dan nilai beza keupayaan untuk pasangan logam X
dan Cu. Terangkan jawapan anda.
[3M]
(b) Diagram 7.2 shows the apparatus set-up used in two experiments to
electrolyse molten lead(II) chloride and 0.0001 mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
respectively.
Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan dalam dua eksperimen
untuk menjalankan elektrolisis masing-masing ke atas leburan plumbum(II)
klorida dan asid hidroklorik 0.0001 mol dm-3.
experiment apparatus set-up

eksperime susunan radas
n
I
II
(i) Write the formulae of all ions present in both electrolysis in Experiment I and
Experiment II.
Tulis semua formula ion yang hadir pada kedua-dua elektrolit dalam Eksperimen
I dan II.
[2M]
(ii) Different products are formed at electrodes in both experiments.
State the products formed at the anode of Experiment I and Experiment II.
Explain how the products are formed and state the reason.
Write the half equations at both electrodes.
Hasil tindak balas yang berbeza terbentuk pada elektrod dalam kedua-dua
eksperimen.
Nyatakan hasil yang terbentuk di anod dalam Eksperimen I dan Eksperimen II.
Terangkan bagaimana hasil ini terbentuk dan berikan sebab.
Tulis setengah persamaan di kedua-dua elektrod..
[10M]

(c) Diagram 8.2 shows a voltaic cell. Metal R is situated below copper in the
electrochemical series.
Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan satu sel voltan. Logam R terletak di bawah kuprum
dalam siri elektrokimia.
State the positive terminal and the negative terminal of this cell.
Suggest a metal that is suitable as metal R and a solution that is suitable as
solution R.
Cadangkan logam yang sesuai bagi logam R dan larutan yang sesuai untuk
larutan R.
[4M]

(a) Diagram 10.1 shows the apparatus set-up of a voltaic cell using solution T and
solution V. The observation is recorded in Table 10.
Rajah 10.1 menunjukkan susunan radas sel voltan menggunakan larutan T dan
larutan V. Pemerhatian direkodkan dalam Jadual 10.
Solution Deflection of voltmeter’s needle

Larutan Pesongan jarum voltmeter
T Yes/ Ya
V No/ Tidak
Table 10/ Jadual 10

(i) Suggest a suitable solution for T and V.
Explain the differences in observation for solution T and V.
Cadangkan larutan yang sesuai bagi T dan V.
Terangkan perbezaan dalam pemerhatian bagi larutan T dan V.
[4M]
(ii) (i) Explain the process that occurs in the voltaic cell in Diagram 10.1 when
solution T is used.
Your explanation should include the half equation involved.
Terangkan tindak balas yang berlaku di dalam sel voltan dalam Rajah 10.1
apabila larutan T digunakan.
Penerangan anda perlu mengandungi setengah persamaan yang terlibat.
[6M]
(b)
Diagram 10.2 shows the iron ring rust when exposed with air and water. A
student intends to electroplate the iron ring with copper to prevent from rusting.
Plan one laboratory experiment to electroplate the iron ring.
Your answer should include the following:
• A list of material and apparatus
• Procedure of the experiment
• A labelled diagram showing the apparatus set-up
• The half equations for the reactions at the anode and the cathode
Rajah 10.2 menunjukkan cincin besi yang berkarat kerana terdedah dengan air
dan udara. Seorang pelajar ingin menyadur cincin besi dengan kuprum untuk
mengelakkan pengaratan.
Rancang satu eksperimen makmal untuk menyadur cincin besi itu.
Jawapan anda perlu mengandungi perkara berikut:
• senarai bahan dan radas
• prosedur eksperimen
• gambarajah berlabel yang menunjukkan susunan radas
• setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas di anod dan katod
[10M]

[SBP2020– Soalan 07]
(a) Why solid magnesium chloride does not conduct electricity but molten
magnesium chloride conducts electricity?
Mengapakah pepejal magnesium klorida tidak boleh mengalirkan elektrik tetapi
leburan magnesium klorida mengalirkan elektrik?
[4M]
(b) You are provided with molten aluminium chloride and concentrated
aluminium chloride solution. Electrolysis process are conducted by using carbon
electrodes to obtain aluminium metal and chlorine gas ai each electrode.
Anda dibekalkan dengan leburan aluminium klorida dan larutan aluminium
klorida pekat. Proses elektrolisis dijalankan dengan menggunakan elektrod
karbon bagi mendapatkan logam aluminium dan gas klorin di elektrod masing-
masing.
(i) Choose a suitable electrolyte to obtain the products.

Pilih elektrolit yang sesuai untuk mendapatkan hasil-hasil itu.
(ii) Explain how the aluminium and chlorine are formed at each electrode.
Terangkan bagaimana aluminium dan klorin itu terbentuk di setiap elektrod.
(iii) Write the half equations for the reactions occur at each electrode.
Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak bales yang berlaku di setiap elektrod
[6M]
(c) Table 7 shows list of materials, apparatus and instruction to conduct an

experiment to compare two type of cells.
Jadual 7 menunjukkan senarai bahan, radas dan arahan untuk menjalankan
satu eksperimen untuk membandingkan dua jenis sel.
Cell A Cell B
Sel A Sel B
Material • 0.5 mol dm sodium
-3
• 0.5 mol dm sodium
-3
Bahan sulphate, Na2SO4 solution. sulphate, Na2SO4 solution.

0.5 mol dm-3 larutan natrium 0.5 mol dm-3 larutan natrium
sulfat, Na2SO4 sulfat, Na2SO4
• Zinc electrode • Magnesium electrode

Elektrod zink Elektrod magnesium
• Carbon electrode • Copper electrode

Elektrod karbon Elektrod kuprum
Apparatus • 250 ml beaker • 250 ml beaker
Radas Bikar 250 ml Bikar 250 ml
• Connecting wire with • Connecting wire with

crocodile clip crocodile clip
Wayar penyambung dengan Wayar penyambung dengan
klip buaya klip buaya
• Battery • Voltmeter
Bateri Voltmeter

Instruction Connect zinc electrode to Connect copper electrode to
Arahan positive terminal of battery and positive terminal of voltmeter
carbon electrode to negative and magnesium electrode to
terminal of battery. negative terminal of voltmeter.
Sambungkan elektrod zink Sambungkan elektrod kuprum
kepada terminal positif bateri kepada terminal positif
dan elektrod karbon kepada voltmeter dan elektrod
terminal negatif bateri. magnesium kepada terminal
negatif voltmeter.
Table 7/ Jadual 7
Based on the information in Table 7, compare the cells in terms of:

Berdasarkan kepada maklumat dalam Jadual 7, bandingkan sel-sel itu dari segi:
(i) Type of cell

Jenis sel
(ii) Energy change

Perubahan tenaga
(iii) Half equation at anode and cathode

Setengah persamaan di anod dan katod
(iv) Observations at anode

Pemerhatian di anod
[10M]

(a) Diagram 8.1 shows the apparatus set-up to conduct electrolysis of
concentrated potassium iodide solution using carbon electrodes.
Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menjalankan elektrolisis larutan
kalium iodida pekat menggunakan elektrod karbon.

Based on Diagram 8.1, explain the reaction that occurs at anode and cathode.
Your explanation must include the following aspects:
Berdasarkan Rajah 8.1. terangkan tindak balas yang berlaku pada anod dan
katod.
Penerangan anda perlu merangkumi aspek-aspek berikut:
• Ion that is selectively discharged

Ion yang dipilih untuk dinyahcas
• Reason why the ion is selectively discharged

Sebab ion ini dipilih untuk dinyahcas
• Half equation for the reaction that occurred

Persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas yang berlaku
• Observation
Pemerhatian
• Product
Hasil
[10M]

Diagram 8.1 shows the set-up of apparatus for electrolysis of 0.1 mol dm -3 nitric
acid. Diagram 8.2 shows nitric acid is replaced by 0.1 mol dm -3 solution Z. the
products formed at cathode and anode are the same.
Rajah 8.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi elektrolisis asid nitrik 0.1 mol dm -3.
Rajah 8.2 menunjukkan asid nitrik digantikan dengan larutan Z 0.1 mol dm -3,
hasil yang terbentuk di katod dan di anod adalah sama.
Diagram 8.1 Diagram 8.2

Rajah 8.1 Rajah 8.2
(a) State the name of gas X and gas Y.

Nyatakan nama gas X dan gas Y.
[2M]

(b) Explain the reaction at cathode and anode for Diagram 8.1.
In your explanation, include the following:
• List of ions attracted to each electrodes.
• State the ions selectively discharged at each electrode.
• The reason why the ion are selectively discharged.
Terangkan tindak balas di katod dan di anod untuk Rajah 8.1.

Dalam penerangan anda, sertakan perkara-perkara berikut:
• Senaraikan ion tertarik ke setiap elektrod.
• Nyatakan ion yang dipilih untuk dinyahcas pada setiap elektrod.
• Sebab mengapa ion dipilih untuk dinyahcas.
[5M]
(c) (i) Suggest the solution Z.

Cadangkan larutan Z.
(ii) Write the half equation for the reaction at cathode.

Tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas di katod.
[3M]
[Kelantan 2020 – Soalan 09]

Diagram 9 shows two type of cell, P and Q
Rajah 9 menunjukkan dua jenis sel, P dan Q
Diagram 9/ Rajah 9
(a) Differentiate the type of cell in terms of

• Type of cell
• Energy changes
Bezakan kedua-dua jenis sel di atas dari segi
• Jenis sel
• Perubahan tenaga
[4M]

(b) An experiment was carried out as in the diagram of Cell Q using different
metal pairs, the following result was obtained.
Satu eksperimen sebagaimana gambar rajah dalam sel Q dengan menggunakan
pasangan logam yang berlainan dijalankan, keputusan berikut diperolehi.
Pairs of metals Potential difference / V Negative terminal

Pasangan logam Perbezaan voltan / V Terminal negatif
L and G 0.7 G
L dan G
G and E 1.9 G
G dan E
Z and E 0.3 Z
Z dan E
Arrange E, G, L and Z in descending of electrochemical series. Explain how you

build the arrangement.
Susunkan E, G, L dan Z mengikut siri elektrokimia secara menurun. Huraikan
cara bagaimana anda membina susunan tersebut.
[6M]
(c) Based on cell P, describe an experiment to investigate how the concentration

of electrolyte influences the products formed in the electrolysis. Your experiment
description must contain the following:
• Procedure
• Result
• Half equation at anode
Berdasarkan sel P, huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menyiasat bagaimana faktor

kepekatan elektrolit mempengaruhi hasil yang terbentuk di dalam elektrolisis.
Huraian eksperimen anda mestilah mengandungi perkara berikut:
• Kaedah
• Keputusan
• Persamaan setengah di anod
[10M]

[NegeriSembilan2020 – Soalan 07]
7. (a) Diagram 7.1 shows the apparatus set-up for the electrolysis of
1.0 mol dm-3 copper(II) chloride solution using carbon electrodes.
Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menjalankan elektrolisis larutan
kuprum(II) klorida 1.0 mol dm-3 menggunakan elektrod karbon.
Based on Diagram 7.1, state the factors that determine formation of the products
at electrodes P and Q.
Berdasarkan Rajah 7.1, nyatakan faktor-faktor yang menentukan pembentukan
hasil pada elektrod P dan Q.
[2M]
(b) Explain the reactions at electrodes P and Q.

In your explanation, include the following aspect:
Terangkan tindak balas pada elektrod P dan Q.
Dalam penerangan anda, masukkan aspek-aspek berikut:
• list of the ions attracted to electrodes P and Q

senarai ion-ion yang tertarik kepada elektrod P dan Q
• name of the ion discharged at each electrode

nama ion yang dinyahcaskan pada setiap elektrod
• the half-equations for the reactions,

setengah persamaan bagi setiap tindak balas,
• the observation at each electrode,

pemerhatian pada setiap elektrod
[10M]

(c) Table 7 shows the results of an experiment that has been carried out to
construct an electrochemical series of metals.
W, X and Y are not the actual symbols of the metals.
Jadual 1 menunjukkan keputusan bagi satu eksperimen yang telah dijalankan
untuk membina siri elektrokimia bagi logam.
W, X dan Y bukan simbol sebenar logam-logam itu.

Pasangan logam Terminal positif Beza keupayaan (V)
W and copper Copper 3.1
W dan kuprum Kuprum
X and Y Y 0.3
X dan Y
W and Y Y 1.8
W dan Y
Table 7/ Jadual 7
(i) Based on the values of the potential differences, arrange the metals in
descending order in an electrochemical series.
menurun dalam siri elektrokimia.
[1M]
(ii) Determine the positive terminal and the value of the potential difference for
the pair of metals Y and copper. Explain your answer.
Tentukan terminal positif dan nilai beza keupayaan bagi pasangan logam Y dan
kuprum. Jelaskan jawapan anda.
[3M]
(d) Diagram 7.2 shows a voltaic cell.
Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan satu sel voltan,
State the positive terminal and the negative terminal of this cell.
Suggest solutions R and S.
Cadangkan larutan R dan S.
[4M]

[Perlis2020– Soalan 08]
(a) The following are the formulae of two compounds,
Berikut adalah formula bagi dua sebatian,
MgCl2 Fe2O3
Based on the formulae,
Berdasarkan kepada formula itu,
(i) state the oxidation numbers for magnesium and iron.

nyatakan nombor pengoksidaan bagi magnesium dan ferum.
(ii) state the name of the compounds.

nyatakan nama bagi sebatian-sebatian itu.
(b) Diagram 7 shows the apparatus set-up for the experiment to determine the
order of metal Y, metal magnesium and metal Z in the reactivity series of metal,
towards oxygen. Potassium manganate(VII) is heated to release oxygen gas to
react with the metals.
Rajah 7 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi suatu eksperimen untuk menentukan
susunan logam Y, logam magnesium dan logam Z dalam siri kereaktifan logam
terhadap oksigen. Kalium manganat(VII) dipanaskan untuk membebaskan gas
oksigen bagi bertindak balas dengan logam-logam itu.
Diagram 7/ Rajah 7
Table 5 shows the observations of the experiment.

Jadual 5 menunjukkan pemerhatian eksperimen.
Metal Observation
Logam Pemerhatian
Glows faintly
Black residue formed
Berbara malap
Baki berwarna hitam terbentuk
Magnesiu Burns with bright flame

m White residue formed
Magnesiu Terbakar dengan nyalaan terang
m Baki berwarna putih terbentuk

Z Glows brightly
Yellow residue when hot and white when cold formed Berbara
terang
Baki berwarna kuning semasa panas dan putih semasa sejuk
terbentuk
Table 5/ Jadual 5
(i) State the type of reaction when oxygen reacts with metals.
Nyatakan jenis tindak balas yang berlaku apabila oksigen bertindak balas
dengan logam.
[1M]
(ii) Based on the observations in Table 5, identify metal Y and metal Z.

Arrange the metal Y, metal magnesium and metal Z in descending order based on
their reactivity.
Write the chemical equation for the reaction between metal magnesium and
oxygen.
Berdasarkan Jadual 5 , kenal pasti logam Y dan logam Z.
Susun logam Y, logam magnesium dan logam Z itu dalam tertib menurun
berdasarkan kereaktifannya.
Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara logam magnesium dan oksigen.
[5M]
(c) Two sets an experiment is carried out to study the effect of other metals on
rusting of iron. For set I, an iron nail is coiled with metal R whereas in Set II iron
nail is coiled with metal S. Both of the coiled iron nails are dipped into hot jelly
solution containing potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) and phenolphthalein. The
results of the experiment are shown in Table 6.
Dua set eksperimen dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan logam lain terhadap
pengaratan besi. Bagi Set I, sebatang paku besi dililit dengan logam R manakala
Set II sebatang paku besi dililit dengan logam S. Kedua-dua paku besi yang dililit
dengan logam itu dimasukkan ke dalam larutan agar-agar panas yang
mengandungi larutan kalium heksasianoferat(III) dan fenolftalein. Keputusan
eksperimen ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 6.
Set Experiment Observation

Set Eksperimen Pemerhatian
I Dark blue colour
formed
Warna biru tua
terbentuk

II Pink colour formed
Warna merah jambu
terbentuk
Table 6/ Jadual 6
Based on the observations,

(i) suggest metal R and metal S
(ii) in each set of experiment,

• explain the observations and include the half-equation
• state the metal that is oxidised
Berdasarkan pemerhatian,
(i) cadangkan logam R dan logam S
(ii) dalam setiap set eksperimen,

• terangkan pemerhatian dan sertakan setengah persamaan
• nyatakan logam yang dioksidakan.
[10M]

[Johor2020-Set 1 – Soalan 10]
(a)
Neutralisation is not a redox reaction
Peneutralan adalah bukan suatu tindak balas redoks
By using suitable example, explain why neutralisation is not a redox reaction in

terms of oxidation number. You are required to determine the oxidation number
in your explanation.
Dengan menggunakan contoh yang sesuai, terangkan mengapa peneutralan
bukan suatu tindak balas redoks dari segi nombor pengoksidaan. Anda
dikehendaki menentukan nombor pengoksidaan dalam penerangan anda.
[4M]
(b) Diagram 10 shows the setup of the apparatus to investigate the reactivity of
metals J, K and magnesium towards oxygen. The different metals are heated
consecutively.
Rajah 10 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk menyiasat kereaktifan logam J, K
dan magnesium terhadap oksigen. Logam yang berbeza dipanaskan berturutan.
Diagram 10/ Rajah 10
Table 10 shows the observation of the experiment.

Jadual 10 menunjukkan pemerhatian eksperimen.
Metal Observations Colour of residue

Logam Pemerhatian Warna baki
Hot Cold
Panas Sejuk
J Burns brightly Yellow White
Terbakar dengan terang Kuning putih
K Glows dimly Black Black
Membara malap Hitam Hitam
Magnesiu Burns with a very bright flame White White
m Terbakar dengan nyalaan sangat terang Putih Putih
Table 10/ Jadual 10
Based on Table 10,
Berdasarkan Jadual 10,
(i) Suggest metal J and metal K.

Cadangkan logam J dan logam K.
[2M]
(ii) Arrange J, K and magnesium in ascending order of their reactivity. Susun J, K

dan magnesium dalam susunan kereaktifan menaik.
[1M]
(iii) By using one of the reactions, explain the meaning of redox reaction.
Dengan menggunakan salah satu daripada tindak balas, terangkan maksud
tindak balas redoks.
[3M]
(c)
Iron (II) sulphate is good reducing agent
Ferum(II) sulfat adalah agen penurunan yang baik
You are given the following apparatus:

U-tube, galvanometer, connecting wires, stopper, dropper, carbon electrodes and
retort stand with clamps.
Anda dibekalkan dengan radas berikut:
Tiub-U, galvanometer, wayar penyambung, penyumbat getah, penitis, elektrod
karbon dan kaki retort bersama pengapit.
Suggest a suitable chemical substance and describe an experiment to verify the

above statement using the given apparatus
Cadangkan bahan kimia yang sesuai dan huraikan satu eksperimen untuk
mengesahkan pernyataan di atas dengan menggunakan radas yang dibekalkan.
[10M]
[Kelantan 2020 – Soalan 07]

Diagram 7 shows the reaction between a burning metal X with carbon dioxide gas
in a gas jar
Rajah 7 menunjukkan tindak balas antara logam X yang telah dibakar
dimasukkan ke dalam balang gas yang berisi gas karbon dioksida
Diagram 7/ Rajah 7

(a) X is a metal that located above carbon in the Metal Reactivity Series. When X
is burnt, it produced a bright flame and produced white and black powder
X adalah logam yang berada di atas karbon dalam Siri Kereaktifan Logam.
Apabila dibakar, logam X terbakar dengan nyalaan terang dan menghasilkan
serbuk berwarna putih dan hitam
(i) Suggest metal X and name the black powder

Cadangkan logam X dan namakan serbuk hitam
[2M]
(ii) Explain redox reaction that occur in terms of oxygen transfer. In your answer
include:
• Chemical equation
• Substance that undergo oxidation and reduction process
• Substance that become oxidation and reduction agent
Terangkan tindak balas pengoksidaan dan penurunan yang telah berlaku

berdasarkan pemindahan oksigen. Dalam jawapan anda sertakan:
• Persamaan kimia
• Bahan yang mengalami proses pengoksidaan dan penurunan
• Bahan yang menjadi agen pengoksidaan dan penurunan
[8M]
(b) Y is a metal that is located below in the Metal Reactivity Series. When Y is
burnt in the gas jar containing carbon dioxide gas, no changes is observed. By
referring to a suitable metal draw a label diagram on how you can conduct an
experiment to determine the position of metal Y in Reactivity Series of Metal
Logam Y adalah logam yang berada di bawah karbon dalam Sir Kereaktifan
logam. Apabila dibakar dan diletakkan ke dalam balang gas karbon dioksida,
tiada perubahan yang dapat diperhatikan. Dengan merujuk kepada logam yang
sesuai lukiskan rajah berlabel bagaimana anda ingin menjalankan eksperimen
untuk menentukan logam Y dalam Siri Kereaktifan Logam
[2M]
(c) (i) The following are the formula of two compounds of chromium oxide
Berikut adalah formula bagi dua sebatian kromium oksida
CrO2 Cr2O3
Based on the formula, state the name of the two compounds according to IUPAC
nomenclature and compare on how the names are given to both compounds
Berdasarkan kepada formula itu, nyatakan nama sebatian mengikut sistem
penamaan IUPAC dan bandingkan penamaan kedua-dua sebatian itu dibuat
[5M]

(ii) The following is a list of three types of ore
Berikut adalah senarai tiga jenis bijih
• Bauxite
Bauksit
• Hematite
Hematit
• Cassiterite
Kaseterit
For each ore, state the method on how the metal can be extract from its ore.
Bagi setiap bijih di bawah, nyatakan kaedah bagaimana logamnya boleh
diekstrakkan daripada bijihnya
[3M]

(b) Diagram 9.1 shows the chemical equation for Reaction I and Reaction II.
Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan persamaan kimia bagi Tindak balas I dan Tindak balas
II
Reaction I : Y + CuSO4  YSO4 + Cu

Tindak balas I
Reaction II : Pb(NO3)2 + Na2SO4  PbSO4 + 2NaNO3

Tindak balas I
Based on the chemical equations in Diagram 9.1,

Berdasarkan persamaan kimia dalam Rajah 9.1,
(i) Suggest metal Y.

Cadangkan logam Y.
[1M]
(ii) Determine whether Reaction I and Reaction II is a redox reaction.

Tentukan sama ada Tindak balas I dan Tindak balas II adalah tindak balas
redoks. Jelaskan jawapan anda.
[5M]

(c) Diagram 9.2 shows the reactivity of three metals when react with oxygen.
Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan kereaktifan tiga logam apabila bertindak balas dengan
oksigen.
Magnesium Iron Copper

Magnesium Besi Kuprum
Decrease in reactivity with oxygen

Kereaktifan berkurang dengan oksigen
As a chemistry student, describe an experiment to investigate the reactivity of

metals toward oxygen by using all the apparatus and chemicals given.
• Potassium manganate(VII) powder
• Magnesium powder
• Iron powder
• Copper powder
• Boiling tube
• Bunsen burner
• Glass wool
• Asbestos paper
Sebagai seorang pelajar kimia, huraikan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kereaktifan

logam terhadap oksigen dengan menggunakan semua radas dan bahan kimia
yang diberikan.
• Serbuk kalium manganat(VII)
• Serbuk magnesium
• Serbuk besi
• Serbuk kuprum
• Tabung didih
• Penunu Bunsen
• Kapas kaca
• Kertas asbestos
Your answer should include:

• Procedure
• Observation
Jawapan anda mestilah mengandungi:

• Prosedur
• Pemerhatian
[10M]

(a) Copper(II) oxide reacts with zinc to produce zinc oxide and copper as shown in
the following equation.
Kuprum(II) oksida bertindak balas dengan zink menghasilkan zink oksida dan
kuprum seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam persamaan berikut.
CuO + Zn  ZnO + Cu
Explain why the above reaction is a redox reaction in terms of oxidation number.
Terangkan mengapa tindak balas di atas adalah tindak balas redoks dari segi
perubahan nombor pengoksidaan.
[4M]
(b) Diagram 7 shows the reaction involved in the rusting of iron.

Rajah 7 menunjukkan tindak balas yang terlibat dalam pengaratan besi.
Diagram 7/ Rajah 7
Based on diagram 7,
Berdasarkan Rajah 7,
(i) Write the half equation of oxidation and reduction reactions that occur during
the rusting of iron.
Identify the reducing agent and explain your answer.
Tulis persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas pengoksidaan dan penurunan yang
berlaku semasa pengaratan besi.
Kenal pasti agen penurunan dan terangkan jawapan anda.
[4M]
(ii) Iron pipes are prevented from rusting by attaching blocks of magnesium to it.
Explain how magnesium can prevent the iron pipes from rusting.
Paip besi dicegah daripada berkarat secara menyentuhnya dengan bongkah
magnesium. Terangkan bagaimana magnesium dapat mencegah pengaratan paip
besi.
[4M]

(c) Table 7 shows the results of two experiments I and II for the displacement of
halogens.
Jadual 7 menunjukkan keputusan dua eksperimen I dan II bagi penyesaran
halogen.
Experiment Halogen Chlorine water Bromine water

Eksperimen Halogen Air klorin Air bromin
Halide solution
Larutan halida
I Potassium chloride No reaction occurs
Kalium klorida Tiada tindak balas
berlaku
II Potassium bromide A reaction occurs
Kalium bromida Tindak balas berlaku
Table 7/ Jadual 7
Explain the redox reaction that occurs in experiment I and II.

In your answer, include all the half equations involved.
Terangkan tindak balas redoks yang berlaku dalam eksperimen I dan II.
Dalam jawapan anda, masukkan semua persamaan setengah yang terlibat.
[8M]
[PerakTengah2020– Soalan 07]

(a) Table 7.1 show the chemical equation of two reactions.
Jadual 7.1 menunjukkan persamaan kimia bagi dua tindak balas.
Reaction Chemical equation

Tindak balas Persamaan kimia
X NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
Y Zn + Cu(NO3)2 → Zn(NO3)2 + Cu
Table7.1/ Jadual 7.1
Determine whether each of the reactions is a redox reaction or not a redox

reaction. Explain your answer in term of oxidation number.
Tentukan sama ada setiap tindak balas tersebut merupakan tindak balas redoks
atau bukan tindak balas redoks. Terangkan jawapan anda dari segi nombor
pengoksidaan.
[4M]

(b) Diagram 7.1 shows the extraction process of iron in a blast furnance.
Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan proses pengekstrakan besi dalam relau bagas
Iron ore + limestone + carbon

Bijih besi + batu kapur +
karbon
Slag
Sanga Molten iron
Leburan besi
Diagram 7.1/ Daigram 7.1
Write chemical equation for the reaction occur in Diagram 7.1.

Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas yang berlaku dalam Rajah 7.1.
Based on the equation, determine

Berdasarkan persamaan, tentukan:
 the substance that is oxidised

 bahan yang dioksidakan
 the substance that is reduced

 bahan yang diturunkan
 the oxidizing agent

 agen pengoksidaan
 the reducing agent

 agen penurunan
[6M]
(c)
Diagram 7.2/ Gambar rajah 7.2

Diagram 7.2 shows rusted substances which can be seen in our daily lives.
Gambar rajah 7.2 menunjukkan bahan-bahan berkarat yang boleh dilihat dalam
kehidupan harian.
Draw a labelled diagram showing the mechanism of rusting of iron. Explain

the process involved in the rusting of iron.
Lukiskan rajah berlabel yang menunjukkan mekanisma pengaratan besi.
Terangkan proses-proses yang terlibat.
[10M]

Bab 09 - k2 - Struktur Dan Esei

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Bab 09 - Keseimbangan Redoks ChemQuest2021

PulauPinang2020-set2– Soalan 02]

Diagram 2.1 / Rajah 2.1

(i) Suggest a name for halogen X

(iii) Explain your answer in 2(a)(ii)

(iv) Write ionic equation for the above reaction.

1 oleh Adura Azlin bin Ishak – Julai2021

Diagram 2.2/ Rajah 2.2

By referring to Diagram 2.2,

(i) Suggest a suitable chemical substance to carry out the changes in

(ii) State the observation for each of the steps involved:

[PerakTengah2020– Soalan 04]

Diagram 4.1 / Rajah 4.1

2 oleh Adura Azlin bin Ishak – Julai2021

(ii) What is the change in the oxidation number of bromine?

(iii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction.

(iv) Describe a test to confirm the cation produced.

Diagram 4.2 / Rajah 4.2

(ii) State the name of the substance that is oxidised.

3 oleh Adura Azlin bin Ishak – Julai2021

(v) State another reagent that can replace bromine water.

[Pahang-PPD-Bentong2020 – Soalan 06]

Apparatus: Voltmeter, connecting wires, U-tube, dropper

4 oleh Adura Azlin bin Ishak – Julai2021

(c) Table 6 shows the observation for the two substances.

(i) Explain the observation in potassium bromide solution in terms of electron

(d) Between the two solutions, which one is an oxidizing agent?

(e) State the change in oxidation number for bromine water.

5 oleh Adura Azlin bin Ishak – Julai2021

(a) State the function of dilute sulphuric acid.

(b) Referring to the reaction that takes place at carbon electrode X:

(i) Write the half equation for the reaction.

6 oleh Adura Azlin bin Ishak – Julai2021

(i) Write the half equation for the reaction.

(ii) State one observation that takes place at carbon electrode Y:

(iii) Calculate the oxidation number of chromium, Cr in dichromate ion, Cr 2O72-.

(iv) Suggest one substance to replace acidified potassium dichromate(VI) solution.

(d) Show the direction of the electron flow in Diagram 5.

[Selangor2020–Set1- Soalan 05]

(a) Show the direction of the electron flow in Diagram 5.

7 oleh Adura Azlin bin Ishak – Julai2021

(c) Referring to the reaction that takes place at electrode P:

(i) Write half equation for the reaction.

(ii) Describe a chemical test to determine the product formed.

(iii) What is the change in oxidation number of iodine in this reaction?

(d) Referring to the reaction that takes place at electrode Q:

(i) What is the colour change of acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution?

(ii) What is the function of acidified potassium manganate(VII) solution in the

(iii) Write half equation for the reaction.

(iv) What is the change in oxidation number of manganese in the reaction?

8 oleh Adura Azlin bin Ishak – Julai2021

[NegeriSembilan2020 – Soalan 06]

(a) What substance can be used to replace bromine water?

(b) State the observation if tetrachloromethane is used to replace sulphuric acid.

9 oleh Adura Azlin bin Ishak – Julai2021

(i) Explain the process occur at electrode Y in term of transfer of electron.

[PulauPinang2020-set1– Soalan 05] 1.1

5Fe2+ + MnO4- + 8H+  5Fe3+ + Mn2+ + 4H2O

10 oleh Adura Azlin bin Ishak – Julai2021

(i) State the colour change of iron(II) sulphate solution

(ii) State the process occurs in (a)(i)

(b) Calculate the oxidation number of manganese in manganate(VII) ion.

(c)(i) State the oxidising agent in the reaction.

Galvanometer Acidified potassium manganate(VII)