Introduction

A partial restoration of the SISTC was just completed. There are four levels to the university. The lower
floor now has a reception desk with six seats and a lecture theatre, per the revised arrangement.
Computing clusters with 30 PCs, a computing classroom with 20 terminals, a lecture theatre, and 5 staff
rooms are located on the first floor. Two study laboratories for postgraduate and research scientists are
on the second floor. Eight staff rooms and a conference hall were located on this floor. To access the
internet, each workstations requires two data points. Broadband internet service is also required on
each level for students and workers.

OSI Layered
The OSI Model is an excellent and theoretical model describing data transmission for devices that are
open to connectivity and communications. The Open System Interconnect (OSI Model) also specifies a
large number of nodes and uses multiple layers of conventions to efficiently represent computers
incoming packets.

1. Application layer
Within this layer, application performing on based of end users as internet browsers programs
employ the communication protocol. It defines protocols and standards computers to collect
information and processing it to humans in a substantial manner. The Hyper Text (HTTP),
Transmission Control Protocol (FTP), Post Office Protocol (POP), Classless Routing Procedure
(SMTP), and Domain Controller are all instances of network layers (DNS).
2. Presentation layer
Within this layer, data is to be prepared for the protocol stack based on frontend. It replicates
and ensures that a raw form of data is protected and recovered before being condensed over
devices connected. so that it can be recovered safely on either side
 3. Session Layer
The session layer connects sensations, which seem to be connection routes between things. It's
in responsibility of starting connections, making sure they stay open and functional while data is
exchanged, and ending them once the relationship is finished.
4. Transport Layer
The Transport Layer facilitates the transparent movement of data between end users while also
offering dependable data transfer services to the above levels. Flow control, segmentation and
segmentation, and error control are all used by the transport layer to ensure the reliability of a
specific link. The data sent in the session layer is received by the transport layer and divided into
"portions" on the receiving end. It is in charge of reconstituting the receive side parts and
transforming them back into information that the session layer can still utilize.
5. Network Layer
The Network Layer is the OSI model's third layer. It responds to service requests from the
transport layer and forwards them to the data link layer. The network layer's primary function is
to transport packets from the sending host to the receiving host. The network layer's principal
job is to allow different networks to communicate with one another. It accomplishes this by
routing packets to network routers, which use algorithms to find the optimal channels for data
to take.
6. Data link Layer
The data connection layer is the protocol layer in a program that handles data movement into
and out of a network's physical links. The data connection layer also governs how devices
recover from collisions that can occur when multiple nodes try to send frames at the same time.
7. Physical Layer
The physical layer is in charge of the networking node' real broadband connection connections.
It specifies the connection, copper cabling, or wireless technology that connects the objects, as
well as the raw transmitting data.

Comparison of TCP/IP vs OSI

 TCP/IP has four layers, while OSI has seven.

 The OSI Model is an excellent and cognitive model describing network connectivity for devices
that are open to interconnectivity and communications. TCP/IP, on the other side, aids in
determining how a particular machine should access the web and how data should be
exchanged among devices.
 The OSI prefix is 5 bytes long, while the TCP/IP preamble is 20 bytes long.
 TCP/IP transport layer Protocol while OSI stands for Open Systems Interconnect.
 TCP/IP takes a horizontally method, while OSI takes a direct approach.
 The transportation layer of the OSI model is only connection-oriented, but the TCP/IP paradigm
is connection-oriented as well as asynchronous.

Protocols

Physical Layer

1. Line Configuration: It specifies how two or maybe more items can be interconnected.
 2. Data Transmission: It specifies whether the communication system between both the 2 network
endpoints is solitaire, half-duplex, or full-duplex.

Transport Layer

1. Protocol for Controlling Transmission: It's a standardized option that enables computers to
connect with one another across the internet.
2. User Datagram protocol: It is an unstable routing protocol because when the packet reaches,
the recipient does not transmit any reply, and the transmitter does not await for any
affirmation.

Application Layer

1. File Transfer: A user can use an application logic to access the data on an user's server, retrieve
information from a desktop, and file types on an user's server.

Types of media

1. Guided media
It's also known as Bounded or Wired communication medium. Through the use of physical
linkages, signals are guided and limited in a narrow path.
Guided media can be divided into three categories:
a. Twisted pair
It is made up of two independent shielded conducting wires that are coiled around each
other.
 The most affordable
 Installing it is simple.
 High-capacity capacity
 Foreign intervention is a possibility.
 In compared to STP, performance and scalability are less.
b. Shielded Twisted pair
To prevent external influence, this type of connection has a specific jackets (a metal
braided wrapping or a foil screen).
 In compared to UTP, it performs better at greater data rates.
 Intermodulation is no longer an issue.
 Compared to others, it's a lot quicker.
 Installation and manufacturing are both quite expensive.
 a higher price
 clumsy
c. Optical fiber
It works on the principle of reflected light throughout a glass plate core.
 increased speed and power
 Minimal
  Signal dispersion is reduced.
 Protection against electrical waves
 Corrosion rate is a property of a substance that is resistant to corrosive

Conclusion
This report contains an detail description of the networking of a company. A partial restoration of the
SISTC was just completed. There are four levels to the university. The lower floor now has a reception
desk with six seats and a lecture theatre, per the revised arrangement. Computing clusters with 30 PCs,
a computing classroom with 20 terminals, a lecture theatre, and 5 staff rooms are located on the first
floor.

References
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International Conference on Communication Software and Networks (pp. 554-557). IEEE.

Souf, M. B., Bareille, O., Ichchou, M. N., Bouchoucha, F., & Haddar, M. (2013). Waves and energy in
random elastic guided media through the stochastic wave finite element method. Physics Letters A,
377(37), 2255-2264.

Alani, M. M. (2014). Guide to OSI and TCP/IP models.

Meyer, D., & Zobrist, G. (1990). TCP/IP versus OSI. IEEE Potentials, 9(1), 16-19.

Arsenault, A. H., & Castells, M. (2008). The structure and dynamics of global multi-media business
networks. International Journal of Communication, 2, 43.