Activity - Biological Molecules

1. Biological Molecules:
These are the molecules necessary for every living thing on earth to survive...
They are ...

Protein

Carbohydrates

Lipid

Nucleic Acid

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2. Carbohydrates
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Monosaccharides
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• Mono = one • Saccharide = sugar

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Disaccharides have two sugars. An example is sucrose (glucose + fructose)

• Di = two
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Polysaccharides have three sugars

• Poly = three
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• Animals store their energy in glycogen. It is made up of glucose left over from what we eat.
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It’s generally a short term store.

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What is the monomer of a carbohydrate called and how can you identify one?
The monomer of a carbohydrate is called monosaccharides or simple sugars. It can be
identified by its single structural unit.

What is the name of the process where one of these small units combine to form a more
complex molecule? condensation reaction and dehydration synthesis.

What is released in the process? glycosidic bond

When several sugar monomers join together, what is formed? Disaccharides

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 3. Lipids

They are made of two ingredients, carbon and hydrogen.

type of fat state at room temp. (solid/liquid/ Shape (straight/bent)

gas)

Saturated fat solid straight

Unsaturated fat liquid bent

Phospholipid makes up the cell membrane.

Hydrophilic
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Label the phospholipid on the right

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Hydrophobic
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1. What are the 3 types of fats? Which ones are good and which are bad?
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• Saturated Fat Good Bad

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• Unsaturated Fat Good Bad

• Trans Fat Good Bad

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2. Explain at least 3 reasons why you need to have fat in your body.
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1. Fats insulate material to prevent heat loss and protection against extreme cold.
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2. Fats are source and storage of energy.

3. Fats serve as protection against desiccation (drying out).

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Label each food with a “U” for unsaturated fat, an “S” for saturated fat, or a “T” for trans fat.

tuna fish U Moz. sticks S

French fries T milk U
hamburger S olive oil U
butter S steak S
peanut oil U fried chicken T

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 4. Proteins:

List 3 Functions of protein:

1. Membrane receptors
2. Clotting factors
3. Gene activators

Proteins are made using only two (number) different ingredients called deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA). (AA)

Proteins are made of smaller sub-units called amino acids.

There are MANY different types of proteins. Using your notes, choose 3 examples and

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describe their FUNCTION in the space below.

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Type of protein Function
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Contractile protein Proteins that provide muscular movement.

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Defensive protein Proteins that includes antibodies that promote protection

against foreign bodies.
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Transport protein These are proteins that includes hemoglobin, the iron-
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containing protein in the blood that transports oxygen from

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the lungs to the other parts of the body.

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4. Nucleic acids

There are two types of nucleic acids, they are deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid. They
are composed (made of) smaller pieces called nucleotides that are put together by enzymes, a
type of protein. (Another biomolecule). The main function of nucleic acids is to encode, transmit
and express genetic information.

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