Biological molecules 5/10/21

Learning Intentions
• 2.7 identify the chemical elements present in carbohydrates, proteins and
lipids (fats and oils)
• 2.8 describe the structure of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids as large
molecules made up from smaller basic units: starch and glycogen from
simple sugar; protein from amino acids; lipid from fatty acids and glycerol

Keywords:
Organism
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ System
 Learning Intentions
2.7 identify the chemical elements present in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (fats and oils)
2.8 describe the structure of C, P and L large molecules made up from smaller basic units:

Starter
 Learning Intentions
2.7 identify the chemical elements present in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (fats and oils)
2.8 describe the structure of C, P and L large molecules made up from smaller basic units:

Answer
 Learning Intentions
2.7 identify the chemical elements present in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (fats and oils)
2.8 describe the structure of C, P and L large molecules made up from smaller basic units:

Task:

• Briefly describe the problems associated with:

• A lack of protein in your diet
• Too much fats and oils
• Too much sugar
• A lack of dietary fibre (cellulose)
 Exte
Nam nsio
e an n:
Carbohydrates
sim
ple
sug other
in fr ar foun
uit d

• Long chains of simple sugars

• Glucose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide)
• When 2 glucose join together maltose is formed (disaccharide)
• When lots of glucose join together starch, glycogen or cellulose is
formed (polysaccharide)

Glycosidic bonds
 Exte
Lipids diff W h
nsio
ere at ’s th :
n
n
e
fats ce bet
and w
oils een
?
• Most lipids in the body are made up of triglycerides
• Their basic unit is 1x glycerol and 3x fatty acids
• The fatty acids vary in size and structure

1 x Glycerol 3 x fatty acids

Ester bonds
 Wh Exte
ic
ALL h ext nsion:
Proteins
R
p
s an
ra
carb roteins eleme
c nt
d lip ontain do
ids t
don hat
’t?
• Long chains of amino acids
• There are over 20 different amino acids

• The amino acids can be arranged in any order, resulting in hundreds

of thousands different proteins
• When amino acids join together proteins are formed

Peptide bonds
Learning Intentions
2.7 identify the chemical elements present in carbohydrates, proteins and lipids (fats and oils)
2.8 describe the structure of C, P and L large molecules made up from smaller basic units:

Task: Peer
asses
task s

1. Make a model of a carbohydrate, fat and

protein using the shapes provided.
2. Name the biological molecule
3. Label the monomer subunits within the
molecule
4. Brief description of the molecules function
5. State the names of the elements from
within the biological molecules
6. State the location and name of chemical
bonds.
 Plenary
Use your marking grid to peer assess
someone else’s work and leave it with
them.
Criteria Details Achieved
Diagram See white board.

Function Main fuel for supplying cells with energy via respiration

Name of monomers Simple sugars. Eg glucose

Name of polymer Polysaccharides. Eg Starch and Glycogen and Cellulose

Location of chemical bond Between each sugar unit.

Name of chemical bond Glycosidic bond

Elements present Carbon. Hydrogen. Oxygen

Plenary
• Get your whiteboards ready to answer the following questions:

• Keep a tally in the bottom corner of how many questions you answer
correctly
(it’s out of 3)
The name’s Bond….
…but which Bond???

Name the bond formed when amino acids join together

PEPTIDE BOND
The name’s Bond….
…but which Bond???

Name the bond formed when glucose molecules join together

GLYCOSIDIC BOND
The name’s Bond….
…but which Bond???

Name the bond formed between a glycerol molecule and the fatty acids

ESTER BOND