Explain the

terms :i. Research

ANS:
● Research is a process of systematic inquiry that entails collection of data; documentation of
critical information; and analysis and interpretation of that data/information, in accordance
with suitable methodologies set by specific professional fields and academic disciplines.
● Research in simplified terms means searching for the facts, searching for the replies to the
various queries and also for the solutions to the various problems.
● Research is an inquiry or an investigation with a specific purpose to fulfill, it helps in clearing
the various doubtful concepts and tries to solve or explain the various unexplained
procedures or phenomenons.

ii. Research designANS:

● A research design is a master plan specifying the methods and procedures for collecting
and analysing the data. Research design is a blueprint of action.it involves a series of
rational decision-making choices regarding the purpose of the study, its scope, its location,
the type of investigation, the extent to which
● It is controlled and manipulated by the researcher, the time aspects, the collection,
measurement and analysis of data. It is a plan and structure to obtain answers to obtain
answers to the research question. A research design is the arrangement of conditions for
collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to combine relevance to the research
purpose with the economy in procedure.

iii. Review of literature

ANS:
● After the selection of research problems, the second step is that of literature mostly
connected with the topics. The availability of the literature may bring ease in the research.
For this purpose academic journals, conferences and govt. reports and libraries must be
studied.

iv. HypothesisANS:
● The development of hypotheses is a technical work depending on the researcher's
experience. The hypothesis is to draw the positive & negative cause and effect aspects of a
problem. Hypothesis narrows down the area of a research and keeps a researcher on the
right path.
● Preparing the Research Design After the formulation of the problem and creating
hypotheses for it, research Design is to be prepared by the researcher. It may draw the
conceptual structure of the problem. Any type of research design may be made, depending
 on the nature and purpose of the study. Daring R. Design the information about sources,
skill, time and finance is taken into consideration.
● Research data is then forwarded to test the hypothesis. Do the hypotheses are related to the
facts or not? To find the answer the process of testing hypotheses is undertaken which may
result in accepting or rejecting the hypothesis.

v. Sample
ANS:
● A sample is defined as a smaller set of data that a researcher chooses or selects from a
larger population by using a predefined selection method. These elements are known as
sample points, sampling units, or observations. Creating a sample is an efficient method of
conducting research. In most cases, it is impossible or costly and time-consuming to
research the whole population. Hence, examining the sample provides insights that the
researcher can apply to the entire population.
vi. SamplingANS:
● The researcher must design a sample. It is a plan for taking its respondents from a
specific areas or universe. The sample may be of two types:
1. Probability Sampling
2. Non-probability Sampling

vii. Primary Data

ANS :
● Firsthand Information collected by researcher
● Collected to solve a specific problem
● involve collection of original data
● Sources of primary data include focus groups, customer interviews, and surveys the
company conducts to understand the needs, behaviors, and reactions of consumers or other
stakeholders such as business customers, vendors, or policymakers.
● Regardless of the data collection method, researchers conducting primary research need to
decide whether to target a random sample of the entire population or to screen their
participants according to a demographic, psychographic, or behavioral profile.
● Primary data is a type of data that is collected by researchers directly from main sources
through interviews, surveys, experiments, etc. Primary data are usually collected from the
source—where the data originally originates from and are regarded as the best kind of data
in research. The sources of primary data are usually chosen and tailored specifically to meet
the demands or requirements of particular research. Also, before choosing a data collection
source, things like the aim of the research and target population need to be identified.

viii.Secondary DataANS:
 ● Secondary data is the data that have been already collected by and readily available from
other sources.
● Such data are cheaper and more quickly obtainable than the primary data and may be
available when primary data can not be obtained at
all.
● It is economical. It saves effort and expenses.
● It is time saving.
● It helps to make primary data collection more specific since with the
● help of secondary data, we are able to make out what are the gaps and deficiencies and
what additional information needs to be collected.
● It helps to improve the understanding of the problem.
● It provides a basis for comparison for the data that is collected by the researcher.

ix. Pilot Study

ANS:
● A pilot study can be defined as a ‘small study to test research protocols, data collection
instruments, sample recruitment strategies, and other research techniques in preparation
for a larger study.1 A pilot study is one of the important stages in a research project and
is conducted to identify potential problem areas and deficiencies in the research
instruments and protocol prior to implementation during the full study.2,3 It can also
help members of the research team become familiar with the procedures in the protocol,
and can help them decide between two competing study methods, such as using
interviews rather than a self-administered questionnaire

x. Statement of Problem.
ANS:
● A problem statement is usually one or two sentences to explain the problem your
process improvement project will address. In general, a problem statement will
outline the negative points of the current situation and explain why this
matters.

Question 2

Draft a small questionnaire for any topic with minimum 5-6 questions with combination of all
types of questions