Name : Neng Eva Loviasyuni

Class : B-1 2017

NIM : 17220011
Subject : Qualitative Study in Language Education
Lecturer : Hendra Husnussalam M. Pd

Try to find out:

1. The principles and nature of qualitative research
2. Designs of Qualitative
3. The instruments that can be used

Answer :
1. The nature of qualitative research

The nature of qualitative inquiry The broad aim of qualitative inquiry is to

understand better some aspect(s) of the lived world.

Characteristics of qualitative inquiry

It will: It will not:

➢ study human actors in ➢ set up artificial situations for the

natural settings, in the purposes of study or try to control
context of their ordinary, the conditions under which
everday world; participants act;

➢ seek to understand the ➢ attempt to describe human

meanings and significance of behaviour in terms of a limited set of
these actions from the pre-determined categories;
perspective of those involved;
➢ usually focus on a small ➢ attempt to study a large population
number of (possibly just one) identified on the basis of particular
individuals, groups or characteristics;
settings;
➢ employ a range of methods in ➢ base its findings on a single
order to establish different perspective or feature;
perspectives on the relevant
issues;
➢ base its analysis on a wide ➢ base its analysis on a single feature;
range of features;
➢ only use quantification where ➢ represent its findings in primarily
this is appropriate for quantitative terms.
specific purposes and as part
of a broader approach.
 2. Designs of Qualitative
Focus (outcome) Tradition Primary means of data
collection
The social world Ethnography Observation, interview,
(Description and recording, documents
interpretation of group)
The social world Grounded theory Observation, interview,
(Development of theory) recording, documents
Lived experience Phenomenology Interview
(Understanding nature
of experience of
phenomenon)
Particular cases Case study Interview, documents,
(Detailed description of observation, recording
individual cases)
The person (Picture of Life history Interview
individual life
experience)
Professional action Action research Journal, interviews,
(Improvement of documents, recording
professional practice)
Social interaction Conversation analysis Recording
(Explication of how
shared understandings
are constructed)

3. The instruments that can be used

➢ Fieldwork
➢ Data collection
➢ Research methods are designed to move from exploring the experience of
experience (what it’s like) to penetrating the meaning of experience itself.
➢ Given the range of application, more or less any qualitative methods are
appropriate provided that there are multiple sources of information
generating a sufficiently rich description.
➢ At the heart of any life history research is the prolonged interview, which
usually consists of a series of interviews (Sikes et al. 1985:13). The length
of such interviews can vary from between a couple of hours to totals well
into double figures.
➢ The characteristic approach associated with this tradition is the action
research spiral of planning→acting and observing→reflecting→ planning,
and so on
➢ Conversational analysis (CA) focuses on the sequential development of the
conversation: how each turn relates to what has gone before and looks
forward to what will follow.