What is Mathematics?

Mathematics comes from a Greek word máthēma which means knowledge, study
and learning. It is the science that deals with the logic of shape, quantity and arrangement
and it is the building block for everything in our lives, including mobile devices, architecture
(ancient and modern), art, money, engineering, and even sports. Mathematics may be
studied in its own right (Pure Mathematics), or as it is applied to other disciplines such as
physics and engineering (Applied Mathematics).

Where is mathematics?

Math is all around us, in everything we do in our daily lives. It has been found that the
earliest of written mathematics dates back to the ancient Sumerians, who built the earliest
civilization in Mesopotamia. They developed a complex system of metrology from 3000 BC.
Mathematics can also be found in nature, there are some numbers in sequence also form a
unique shape known to be a Fibonacci spiral.

What role does mathematics play in your world?

Mathematics makes our life orderly and prevents chaos. Certain qualities that are
nurtured by mathematics are power of reasoning, creativity, abstract or spatial thinking,
critical thinking, problem-solving ability and even effective communication skills.

Answers:

1. C. The base figure rotates at an angle of 45 degree in the anti – clockwise direction.

2. A. The base figure rotates at an angle of 90 degree in the clockwise direction.

3. D. In a given series, a figure is followed by the combination of itself and its vertical
inversion.

4. C. 50. The differences between adjacent terms are 7 (=17-10), 9 (=26-17) and 11 (=37-
26). Thus, the following differences could be 13, 17, 19 and so on.

Rest of terms would be 50, 65, 82, 101 and so on.

5. A. For each row the sum of the first two columns is equal to the multiple of the last two
columns.

B. Performance Task

1. Meander

2. Wave

3. Foams

4. Tessellation

5. Spiral

6. Symmetry
7. Fracture

8. Fibonacci numbers

9. Stripes

10. Fractal

Plant Name: Sunflower

Yes.

The pattern of the leaves of a sunflower have a rough, scratchy texture and are lance-ovate,
egg-shaped, or heart-shaped, and can measure up to 30 cm long. The leaves are alternate
and both the leaves and stems have course hairs.

Yes.

Sunflowers are pentamerous flower and which they are belonging to the daisy family; usually
have 55, 89 or 144 petals, and spiral patterns are evident. In its arrangement of the petals
they all follow the Fibonacci sequence within a Helianthus Annus that resembles the petals.

B. 34. Yes. As for pineapple with a few exceptions, you will find one rows will have thirteen
scales and while other will usually have twenty one on its diamond-shaped markings, sloping
to the left and the right. They are so called Fibonacci numbers and seem to come up often in
nature, whether in the seeds of sunflowers or pinecone scales. Its sequence goes
1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55 and so on. Nature is full of variations which is why count the line of
14 or 12 scales on your pineapple have got on it. However, it is also because when a
pineapple is formed hormones change the phyllotaxy from 5/13 of the leaves to 8/21 of the
fruit. In normal fruit the number of rows of each of spiral is constant, there being eight of the
long gently sloping rows and thirteen of short steep ones.

C.

1. What new ideas about mathematics did you learn?

 Mathematics is precise use of issue. It is said in light of the fact that subject makes a
man precise or efficient. Mathematics makes our life accurate and yet we expect
some misunderstandings. Mathematics is the support of all things considered,
without which the world can’t move an inch. Be it a cook or a rancher, a craftsman or
a repairman, a businessperson or a specialist, an architect or a researcher, an artist
or a performer – everybody needs Mathematics in their day-to-day life. Indeed, even
bugs use Mathematics in their regular day to day existence for presence. Learning
new ideas about the advanced sequences and series. Maybe this concept is not
really applicable every day in real life, but skills you can gather is very helpful in
understanding in every topic. It is the thrill and chill that changed my thought about it.
There are topics that really drains every brain cell in you but to invent something
about the sum of the formula for continuous numbers and that you will feel a little
encouraging because it is a foundation. Mathematics made me realized that it is a
way of new things to solve and overcome in every given problem and highly
 computational in such way that every problem had a closed and precise answer to
learn in this is still in his youth.

2 What is it about mathematics that might have changed your thoughts about it?

 I used to love Mathematics when I was in elementary but for now it’s getting harder
and complicated. We might have changed our thought about it in real life and think
about the future of mathematics education is still relevant to the changing curricula.
These are the thoughts we might linger in my thoughts. But I think what math really
does to those who learn and apply them well is having the ability to solve problems,
sometimes using patterns but most of the time through trial and error method. The
competencies learned in Mathematics subjects are applicable in real life situations
and most especially in different fields of work. This is primarily because of the
changes and developments of Mathematics in the 21st century which aim to make
which aim to make the students more competent. It is slowly changing its focus from
merely computations to challenges that involve critical thinking, logic, reasoning, and
tenacity. Hopefully with this mind, the traumatic thoughts of students before would be
changed into thoughts of excitement. And as more math educators are being raised,
may they be good vessels of learning which carry joy and patience in order for the
learners to love math even in their young age. Yes, mathematics will still be a
challenge, but thinking about its life – long benefits will greatly ease the burden of
anyone studying and teaching it.

3. What is most useful about mathematics for human kind?

 Math helps us have better problem – solving, the most useful about mathematics for
human kind are these four uses and application that we can apply and put in our
daily life; it will helped us count numbers from 1 to infinity and beyond, it helped us
know how to add, subtract, multiply and divide, it enables us to solve all kinds of
numerical problems by knowing all those mathematical processes and lastly, through
knowing all those mathematical processes, Engineers were able to build, Architects
are able to design, Scientists are able to experiment, Doctors are able to perform
operations, Chemists are able formulate chemicals, Chefs are able to cook,
Carpenters are able to measure and other works that we do every day and youth life.
From knowing Math, the word we live in today would be different. We think about it
and realize that everywhere there is Mathematics.

4. Do you think the subject mathematics in which you are enrolled is important?
Yes/No
Why? Cite five situations.

 YES

1. Math is a universal language.

2. Practically every career uses math in some way.
3. Mathematics is a part of our human cultural heritage, and we have a
responsibility to develop that heritage.
4. Mathematics makes our life orderly and prevents chaos. Certain qualities that
are nurtured by mathematics are power of reasoning, creativity, abstract or
spatial thinking, critical thinking, problem-solving ability and even effective
communication skills.
5. Mathematics provides an effective way of building mental discipline and
encourages logical reasoning and mental rigor. In addition, mathematical
knowledge plays a crucial role in understanding the contents of other school
subjects such as science, social studies, and even music and art.
Mathematics helps predict the behavior of nature and phenomena in the

world.

In a book of Ian Stewart “The Nature’s Numbers”, readers have been

given a profound understanding that Mathematics is not just about members.
It made people realized that mathematics is much more than we expected.
And it is evidently shown in our nature through their patterns, sequence,
behavior, and many more. As years have passed, there are lots of esoteric
discoveries proposed by different scientist and mathematicians. But not all of
them were given enough evidence to be considered true. But through
observation, experimentation, and trial and errors, some discoveries were
Through Math, they can provide equations so that they could prove that their
discoveries and observations are not accidental. And somehow, these
findings had helped in predicting the behavior of nature and phenomena in
the world.
By observing in the modern world, it is clear to the sight and mind that
Mathematics can be great help in the prediction of the behavior of the nature
and the phenomena in the world. But it does not specifically mean that
Mathematics is the only core factor in providing predictions. So the emphasis
of the statement is that Mathematics helps predict. Help is the key word. In
having predictions, Science is the one who takes role and do the predictions
but what does Math do? It is what helps the predictions be more reliable and
possible through right and accurate calculations specifically through the
process of observing and experimenting. Mathematics helps because of all
the knowledge that was gained allows us to describe relations and compute
values on events and help science in doing what it wants to prove. As
explained in the book Ian Stewart, Mathematics is really associated with
science. And it is proven in Newton’s discoveries on the acceleration of an
object and also on the discovery of the new branch of Mathematics which is
Calculus. As Stewart stated, the story of calculus brings out two of the main
things that mathematics is for providing tools that let scientists calculate what
nature is doing, and providing new questions for mathematicians to sort out to
their own satisfaction. Through Calculus, we can create mathematical models
to come up with a possible solution and that is another way how Mathematics
helps in predicting. It is through the process they call as the Mathematical
Modeling. Using Mathematical tools, we develop models which accord to
what we can measure and observe in the real world. And through the model
works well, we can start predicting how the nature behaves and start to
distinguish those behavior or phenomena that occur without any relation to
others. So in Mathematics, they don’t just observe and describe every detail
that people noticed, it is also about determining which one exhibits
relationship to others and which one integrate a disparate subject.
Mathematics explains how some happenings in the nature reoccur. Like in the
sunset, Mathematics explains different factors such as where it went, and
what it returned. That is because it is easier to explain this using number.
Additionally, through the formulas and calculations, we can easily conclude if
the events in the nature happen together or if the nature happens together or
if they oppose one another by determining the way of using numbers and
different operations. It can easily start from curiosities on how animals move
and why do they move like that. Nature has rhythms and somehow by careful
observation, different oscillations can be noticed everywhere especially in
animals. Through understanding oscillations, the behavior of the nature can
be predicted. The mathematical concept of an oscillator in which they repeat
the same behavior again and again is an organizing principle behind many
biological cycles. Through interactions of oscillators in nature, biology can be
further understood and complex patterns of behaviors can be created.
By experimentation, we can detect chaos patterns in the world.
According to Ian Stewart, Chaos patterns are a kind of apparent randomness
whose origins are entirely deterministic. Chaos patterns are mathematical
phenomenon. So this implies that in order to predict the future we should
understand is starting conditions. Through chaotic system, you can get
different predictions from different probabilities acquired from the randomness
of the patterns. Chaotic gives a wider view in predicting not just effects but
also the cause. Most of us view simple causes will probably have simple
effects but through chaos, there are always lots of probability that could
happen in every simple causes.
In observation, it concludes that the experimentation and trial and
errors, Mathematics is present. And through these methods, discoveries,
proofs, and predictions are acquired. It begins with observing the natural
phenomena and then discovering the mathematical rules, patterns or
concepts that could describe their motion, behavior, and relationship. After
developing mathematical rules, more observations are done to try if these
mathematical rules can be applied to other parts of nature. Some of these
mathematical rules are the oscillation and the chaos concept which are really
helpful in coming up with predictions in behavior of the nature and the
phenomena in the world. Oscillation is in where we can find repetitive patterns
in the movements and behavior of nature while in chaos concept is where
starting conditions are considered in coming up with a prediction. It pointed
that there are lots of probabilities in what may be the cause and effect of the
phenomenon so it is important to consider the randomness of the results. In
the modern world, inventors have developed a way to use mathematics in
producing models that could help us forecast weathers and in doing and
seeding. All of the things mentioned are some of the ways that prove that
Mathematics is much more helpful in our lives than people expected it to be.
Most people grew up asking the purpose of these complicated calculations in
their daily lives and it is because Mathematics helps in predicting behavior of
nature and the phenomena in the world.