PHYSICAL EDUCATION 11

ACTIVITY SHEETS (4th Quarter)

Week 4 & 5*

FOULS AND VIOLATIONS OF BASKETBALL

TEAM SPORTS

FOUL
In basketball, a foul is an infraction of the rules more serious than a violation. Most fouls occur
as a result of illegal personal contact with an opponent and/or unsportsmanlike behavior. Fouls
can result in one or more of the following penalties:

 The team whose player committed the foul loses possession of the ball to the other team.
 The fouled player is awarded one or more free throws.
 The player committing the foul "fouls out" of the game.
 The player committing the foul is suspended from some number of subsequent games.
Some of the penalties listed above are assessed only if a player or a team commits a number of
fouls above a specified limit.
Ordinary fouls are routine because of the constant motion inherent in the sport and are not
viewed as bad sportsmanship. The penalty imposes a cost on violating the rules but does not
disparage the player committing the foul. A player intending never to commit a foul might play so
cautiously as to be ineffective. More serious fouls are regarded as bad sportsmanship, and the
penalties are designed to be disciplinary.
There are several classes of foul, each enumerated below and covered in greater detail in its
own article.
1. PERSONAL FOUL
A personal foul is the most common type of foul. It results from personal contact between two
opposing players. Basketball features constant motion, and contact between opposing players is
unavoidable, but significant contact that is the fault of illegal conduct by one opponent is a foul
against that player. Most personal fouls are called against a defensive player. A personal foul
that is committed by a player of the team in possession of the ball is called an offensive foul.
When neither team is in clear possession of the ball, a foul is called a loose-ball foul.

2. FLAGRANT FOUL
A flagrant foul is violent player contact that the official believes is not a legitimate attempt to
directly play the ball within the rules.

3. TECHNICAL FOUL
A technical foul is a foul unrelated to physical contact during gameplay. The foul may be called
on a player in the game, another player, a coach, or against the team in general. This class of
foul applies to all of the following:

 Unsportsmanlike conduct outside the scope of the game, such as taunting, profanity,
using offensive racial slurs, or conduct toward an official.
 A personal foul committed by a player who has fouled out of the game but is readmitted
to the game because of the lack of substitutes.
 Breaking the backboard by performing an excessive slam dunk.
 Requesting a timeout when the team has already used their last allotted timeout.
 Illegal gamesmanship, such as delay of game.
 A variety of other situations, such as arranging the players in an illegal defense.
VIOLATIONS

In basketball, a common violation is the most minor class of illegal action. Most violations are
committed by the team with possession of the ball, when a player mishandles the ball or makes
an illegal move. The typical penalty for a violation is loss of the ball to the other team. This is one
type of turnover.

1. BALL-HANDLING VIOLATIONS
*Defensive three-second violation (Illegal defense) (penalized as a technical foul)
It is assessed when a member of the defending team spends more than three seconds in
the free throw lane (also called the key, the 16-foot lane, or "the paint") while not actively
guarding an opponent. 

*Five-second rule
The five-second rule, or five-second violation, is a rule that helps promote continuous play.

*Shot clock violation
A shot clock is a countdown timer used in basketball that provides a set amount of time (24–35
seconds, depending on the league) that a team may possess the ball before attempting to score
a field goal. It is distinct from the game clock, which displays the time remaining in the period of
play. 

*Time line violation, exceeding the time limit to reach the frontcourt (8- or 10-second violation)
In basketball, is a name for the center line that reflects the rule that the offensive team has a
limited amount of time to advance the ball past this line, from the backcourt to the frontcourt, in a
scoring drive.

*Three seconds rule (Lane violation)

The three seconds rule (also referred to as the three-second rule or three in the key, often
termed a lane violation) requires that in basketball, a player shall not remain in their team's foul
lane for more than three consecutive seconds while that player's team is in control of a live ball in
the frontcourt and the game clock is running.

2. OTHER VIOLATIONS
*Basket interference
basket interference is the violation of (a) touching the ball or any part of the basket (including the
net) while the ball is on the rim of the basket, (b) touching the ball when it is within the cylinder
extending upwards from the rim, (c) reaching up through the basket from below and touching the
ball, whether it is inside or outside the cylinder, or (d) pulling down on the rim of the basket so
that it contacts the ball before returning to its original position, or during a shot attempt.

*Goaltending
goaltending is the violation of interfering with the ball while it is on its way to the basket and it is
(a) in a downward flight (b) above the basket ring and within the imaginary cylinder and (c) not
touching the rim.

Stepping or losing the ball out of bounds may also be considered violations, as they result in the
loss of the ball.
Acts involving contact between opponents or unsportsmanlike conduct are called fouls, usually
a personal foul.
ACTIVITY: HAND SIGNALS
*Execute the proper hand signals in basketball (foul&violations). Choose 20 hand signals below
and picture each.
*Make it a collage with the name of hand signals and send it to your teacher. (Messenger)

PREPARED BY:
ANGEL H. DIAZ
TEACHER II