Переклад текстів жанру наукової фантастики

Science fiction (NF) - a genre in literature, cinema and other arts, one of the
varieties of fiction. Science fiction is based on fantastic assumptions that do not go
beyond the scientific perception of reality, both in the natural sciences and the
humanities. (72)
Translation - reproduction of the original by means of another language while
maintaining the unity of content and form. This unity is achieved by a holistic
reproduction of the ideological content of the original in its characteristic stylistic
originality on a different linguistic basis. The way to achieve such unity does not
lie through the establishment of formal equivalents. (2,29)

An important grammatical feature of scientific, and science fiction texts is their

brevity and compactness in presentation. The main task of the author of scientific
and technical texts is to inform the reader, not the aesthetic impact on him. If there
are narrative elements in the text, most often the translator uses the technique of
omission and does not translate them. In this regard, the author of scientific and
technical texts resorted to the use of elliptical sentences, which in many cases leads
to difficulties in translation.

Another distinctive feature of scientific texts is the omission of this article, even in
cases where its use is governed by rules. The article is mostly missing with the
names of equipment, technical details, instructions and terms. But this rule is not
applied in all scientific and technical texts. Example, in the texts of science fiction
you can find terms and technical names with the specified article. The next
grammatical feature is the use of the plural instead of the singular nouns and names
of instruments. Here, in turn, we can not fail to note the widespread use of the
preposition of to transfer temporary relationship phrases, such as the fuel of
kerosene. This case is a fairly common example of grammatical features in the
texts of science fiction. (19,95)

When translating a text, the translator is not able and has no right to change the
emotional and semantic dominant set by the author of the text, but certain
transformations and modifications can be observed in translation works. The main
types of lexical transformations used in the translation process include the
following translation techniques: translation transcription and transliteration,
tracing and lexical-semantic substitutions (concretization, generalization,
modulation). The use of translation transformations, first of all, is dictated by the
transfer of the content of the original, the expression of the original idea. The
translator should in no way seek to preserve the original in its entirety. (34)
Lexical transformations are the replacement of individual lexical units of the
original language with lexical units of the translated language. Lexical
transformations are an integral part of science texts, as well as science fiction texts
in general, because in texts of this nature a large number of terms, proper names
and various names are used. Grammatical transformations consist in transforming
the sentence structure in the process of translation in accordance with the norms of
the language of translation. This type of transformation is used in texts of the
scientific type, consisting of complex long syntactic constructions. With the help
of grammatical transformations, the translator can divide a complex sentence into
two parts, while preserving the meaning of the sentence. Lexical and grammatical
transformations are a complex transformation in the course of translation, but are
not uncommon in scientific texts.

In the modern world, two types of translation play an important role: literary
translation and informative translation. (19,123)

Literary translation - is a type of translation, the main task of which is to achieve a

certain aesthetic influence, to create an artistic image. As a rule, in the texts of
literary translation there are many stylistic devices that create this artistic image.
The complexity of this species lies in the ability to fully convey the poetic content
of the original text.

Informative translation - is the translation of texts, the main task of which is to

communicate any information, message, information, and not the aesthetic impact
on readers. In such texts the informative story which in some cases is intertwined
with the art story prevails. On this basis, there are several subtypes of information
translation: translations of scientific and technical, political, official business,
newspaper and information materials, here we include the translation of science
fiction.(44,4)

Science fiction is an appropriate basis for word formation, because to create new
concepts the author uses new vocabulary, characteristic only of science fiction.
This vocabulary is difficult to perceive, because in everyday life it does not occur.
Moreover, the reader must be familiar with the specifics of the work and be
familiar with the work of a science fiction writer. First of all, it is worth noting
neologisms, which are widely used in science fiction.

Neologisms are the a fiction of fantasy of writers, but sometimes they are realized
in the course of technological progress. Neologisms are not common in fiction,
because the large number of neologisms in the text makes the language of works
difficult to understand. In science fiction, the writer uses neologisms to create a
new reality, which introduces the author to the reader. Thus, before the reader
opens a "foreign world", still unknown to ordinary people. Bright examples of
neologisms are the works of famous authors: Frank Herbert « Dune» (1965),
Antony Burgess «A Clockwork Orange» (1962).

Most often, the authors, instead of inventing a completely new word, resort to
derivation or word formation, which in the property leads to a new word with a
new meaning. Derivation - "is the process of creating some language units on the
basis of others, taken for the weekend, in the simplest case - by" expanding "the
root by affixation or word formation, in connection with which derivation is
sometimes equated to word formation or word formation"(7,129).

In the modern theory of literary translation there are three main trends:

1) the main orientation is transferred from the original to the text of the translation;

2) the evaluation approach is replaced by a descriptive one;

3) from the text as a unit of language, the theory goes to the function of translation
as part of the culture of the language of translation (20,27).

Висновок

Translation - reproduction of the original by means of another language while

maintaining the unity of content and form. Translation is one of the important
forms of intercultural relations. Since the knowledge of foreign languages in
ancient times and today can not be called mass, translators act as intermediaries
between peoples who communicate in various spheres of life.

The essence of translation is to accurately and completely express by means of one

language what is already fixed by means of another language in the inseparable
unity of content and form.

Since translation is the transmission of the content of what has been said, it is not
the words, grammatical constructions or other means of the original language that
are translated, but the thoughts, the content of the original. According to translation
theory, no untranslatable materials, there are difficult to translate texts. Difficulties
in translation are due to insufficient knowledge of the original language, the
language being translated, or the lack of ready-made equivalents in this language.