“21st Century 2.

2”
Evaluative comprehension—takes your imagination
CONTEXTS OF 21ST CENTURY outside of the text.
—enables you to make generalizations, form new
PHILIPPINE LITERATURE FROM conclusions, or make judgments
THE REGIONS —develops your critical thinking
Useful techniques and strategies:
 Biographical SOCIOCULTURALCONTEXT
 Linguistic —must focus on understanding the social, economic,
 Sociocultural contexts political and cultural forces affecting the literary
work
BIOGRAPHICAL CONTEXTS —combines social and cultural elements
 Educational Background
—have a glimpse of his or her educational attainment Applying Multimedia and ICT in
and academic achievements Producing Creative Literary
 Professional Background
—will learn his or her milestones as a writer. Representation
 Socioeconomic Background
— will also find out about his or her family and other Technology — evolved so as with our literature
significant childhood and adulthood experiences Philippine literature —undergone literary
o One way to understand the literatue is by innovations and fueled more writers to be discovered
Internet — became an avenue of personal expression
knowing the author’s background and
Multimedia— broad term for combining multiple
experiences.
media formats
Experiences — play a significant role in the content
Slides — example of multimedia as they combine text
and meaning of the literary work
and images, and sometimes video
Educational or Social status — of the author can be
ICT skill — simply exhibiting communication
determined through his or her writing style
technologies, communicating and participating in
collaborative networks via internet.
LINGUISTIC CONTEXT
Jose Garcia Villa — a Filipino poet, literary critic,
Linguistic context — means you have to focus on the
shortstory writer and painter
language used in the literary text
o a National Artist of the Philippines title for
Three levels of comprehension:
 Literal literature in 1973 as well as the Guggenheim
 Inferential Fellowship in Creative Writing
 Evaluative o known to have introduced “reversed
Literal Comprehension —simply means reading the consonance rhyme scheme” in writing
lines. poetry as well as extensive use of punctuation
—W’s questions mark
Inferential comprehension—refers to reading o especially commas, which made him known
between the lines as the Comma Poet
—means you have to determine the meaning of o used the pen name Doveglion based on the
certain words and expressions within the text by using characters he derived from himself
context clues
Evaluating theAdaptation of aLiterary Self-assessment— process where students are taught
to assess their performance against pre-determined
Text UsingSelf- and Peer-assessment criteria
Literary adaptation— adapting of a literary —involves the students in goal setting and more
source(e.g.a novel,short story,poem) to another genre informal and dynamic
or medium, such as a film,stage play,or video game. Advantages of Self Assessment
Literary Text— a piece of written work, such as a Encourages students to reflect their own
book or a poem, a commentary, story review or a learning progress and performance
short story Encourages students to be more responsible
—primary function as a text is usually aesthetic, for their own learning
but it may also contain political messages or beliefs Helps students become autonomous learners
Peer assessment—the assessment of students' work Helps students be more aware of their
by other students of the same status. weakness and strength
Peer Assessment —is valuable in helping students to Helps students develop their judgmental skills
learn from each other by listening, analyzing and There is no peer pressure when students
problem solving evaluate themselves
—gives students the opportunity to encounter Disdvantages of Self Assessment
diversity in different ways, critique and judge and be  Self-assessment can be subjective because
responsible for their own learning students may not be sincereand over evaluate
According to Chan, 2010 their performance
Advantages of Peer Assessment  Time consuming for students
 Encourages students to critically reflect each  Students may not be familiarwith the
other’s work assessment criteria
 Encourages students to be involved in the
assessment process Self and peer assessment —can help promote
 Helps students develop their judgmental skills learning by establishing an environment that could
 More feedback can be generated by students engage students
 Reduces the time and workload of marking (Yorke&Longden,2010)
for teachers
 Discourages the problem of free rider because
students tend to put extra effort to perform
better in front of their peers
 Maintains the fairness of assessment
 Helps students to criticize, evaluate and
applyother generic skills
 Helps students to learn more from each
other’swork
Disadvantages of Peer Assessment
 Friendship caninfluence the reliability of
grades given by students
 Students may have a tendency to give
everyone the same mark
 Students are not experienced in assessing each
other
 Students may cheat
 Fair assessment may not be determined