Lecturio

Purine & Pyrimide Metabolism 8. What is the fx of the NDPK enzyme in nucleotide synthesis?
a) Conversion of purines to pyrimidines
Nucleotide Metabolism: Introduction and De novo Purine b) Addition of the phosphate group to the
Metabolism deoxyribose sugar
1. Which of the following is true regarding nucleotides? c) Addition of the phosphate group to the
a) All of the answers are true nucleoside diphosphates
b) They are made in separate, non-overlapping d) Addition of nitrogen atoms in the purine and
pathways for each nucleotide pyrimidine rings
c) None of the answers are true e) Addition of the phosphate group to the ribose
d) They are made by de novo and salvage pathways sugar
e) They can have any of three purines or two
pyrimidines Purine de novo Metabolism Regulation
2. Which of the following is true regarding nucleotides? 9. Which of the following is true regarding the regulation of
a) All of the answers are true purine metabolism?
b) Each of them has a sugar, a base, and at least one a) Low phosphate and AMP will inhibit the first
phosphate enzyme of the pathway
c) They are made from complicated precursors b) None of the answers are true
d) They are all made starting with the sugar c) All of the answers are true
e) None of the answers are true d) PRPP amidotransferase is fully inhibited by either
3. Which of the following is true regarding purine synthesis? AMP or GMP
a) All of the answers are true e) Both of the enzymes acting on IMP are feedback
b) It includes the intermediate known as IMP inhibited
c) It begins with ribose-5-phosphate 10. Which of the following enzyme does not participate in the
d) It consumes ATP regulation of purine synthesis in the cells?
e) None of the answers are true a) Adenylosuccinate synthetase
4. Which of the following does not take part in ATP and GTP b) PRPP synthetase
synthesis? c) IMP dehydrogenase
a) CO2 d) PRPP amidotransferase
b) Gluteraldehyde e) Nucleoside diphosphate kinase
c) Aspartate 11. Which of the following is not matched correctly?
d) Glycine and glutamine a) Adenylosuccinate synthetase — inhibited by AMP
e) N10-formyl-THF to stop ATP synthesis
5. Which of the following is not correctly associated b) IMP dehydrogenase — inhibited by GMP to stop
regarding ATP and GTP synthesis? GTP synthesis
a) PRPP synthetase — regulatory enzyme for purine c) Nucleoside diphosphate kinase — inhibited by
synthesis excess of ribose-5-phosphate
b) Inosine monophosphate — branch point between d) PRPP synthetase — inhibited by high levels of
ATP and GTP synthesis phosphate and ADP
c) PRPP amidotransferase — helpful in synthesis of e) PRPP amidotransferase — partly inhibited by AMP
phosphoribosylamine or GMP, but fully inhibited by both AMP and GMP
d) N10-formyl-THF — source of N atoms in purine
synthesis Pyrimidine de novo Metabolism: ATCase Reaction
e) Ribose-5-phosphate — starting point 12. Which of the following is true regarding the regulation of
ATCase?
Paths to Guanine and Adenine Nucleotides a) All of the answers are true
6. Which of the following is true regarding purine synthesis? b) It is activated by CTP and ATP
a) All of the answers are true c) None of the answers are true
b) None of the answers are true d) It is inhibited by ATP
c) AMP inhibits the synthesis of GMP and GMP e) It is inhibited by aspartate
inhibits the synthesis of AMP 13. Relative amounts of the pyrimidines are controlled by ?
d) GTP energy is used to make GMP ad ATP is used to a) Adenylosuccinate synthetase
make AMP b) IMP dehydrogenase
e) IMP is the branch point for synthesis of AMP and c) PRPP synthetase.
GMP d) PRPP amidotransferase
7. Which of the following enzymes control the amount of ATP e) ATCase
to be synthesized in the cell? 14. The ATCase enzyme becomes activated when there is an
a) Adenylosuccinate synthetase excess of which of the following?
b) Nucleoside diphosphate kinase a) TTP and aspartate
c) Adenylate kinase b) GTP and aspartate
d) PRPP amidotransferase c) UTP and aspartate
e) PRPP synthetase d) ATP and aspartate
e) CTP and aspartate
 Lecturio
15. How do the higher concentrations of CTP affect the
production of pyrimidines in the cell?
a) The higher concentrations of CTP activates the
ATCase enzyme, and hence synthesis of pyrimidine
nucleotides gets enhanced
b) The higher concentrations of CTP activates the
ATCase enzyme, and hence synthesis of aspartate
gets enhanced
c) The higher concentrations of CTP activates the
ATCase enzyme, and hence synthesis of purine
nucleotides gets enhanced
d) The higher concentrations of CTP inhibits the
ATCase enzyme via feedback mechanism, and
hence stops further synthesis of purine nucleotides
e) The higher concentrations of CTP inhibits the
ATCase enzyme via feedback mechanism and
hence stops further synthesis of pyrimidine
nucleotides
Pyrimidine de novo Metabolis: OMP Decarboxylase and
Synthesis of UTP & CTP
16. Which of the following is true regarding in de novo
synthesis of pyrimidines?
a) Aspartate and bicarbonate are the starting
materials
b) CMP is the first pyrimidine made
c) All of the answers are true
d) None of the answers are true
e) The second step is catalyzed by a regulatory
enzyme
17. Which of the following is true regarding the synthesis of
UTP from UMP?
a) Two ATPs are required
b) No regulation occurs
c) Two kinases are involved
d) None of the answers are true
e) All of the answers are true
18. Which of the following is true regarding the synthesis of
CTP from UTP?
a) A transamination occurs
b) None of the answers are true
c) All of the answers are true
d) No regulation occurs
e) Two ATPs are required
19. Which of the following is not a true statement regarding
the de novo synthesis of pyrimidines?
a) The OMP decarboxylase enzyme fastens up the
conversion of OMP to UMP 100 quadrillion times
faster than an uncatalyzed reaction
b) The CTP synthetase enzyme is activated by GTP,
whereas the CTP inhibits it to maintain the purine
to pyrimidine balance in a cell
c) Orotidine monophosphate is the first pyrimidine
intermediate metabolite that appears during the
de novo synthesis of pyrimidines
d) The OMP decarboxylase enzyme needs ATP as a
co-factor to regulate the synthesis of pyrimidines
e) The conversion of UTP to CTP involves a
transamination reaction catalyzed by the CTP
synthetase enzyme
20. Which of the following is true regarding the synthesis of
UTP from UMP?
a) Two ATPs are required
b) None of the answers are true
c) All of the answers are true
d) Two kinases are involved
e) No regulation occurs
Catabolism of Guanine Nucleotides and Adenine Nucleotides
21. Which of the following occurs during the breakdown of
nucleotides?
a) Nucleases break down nucleic acids into
nucleotides
b) Guanosine is broken down to guanine and ribose-
1-phosphate
c) All of the answers are true
d) Nucleoside monophosphates are the products of
the action of nucleases
e) None of the answers are true
22. Which of the following reactions is not paired correctly
with an enzyme?
a) Inosinic acid → Inosine — Nucleotidase
b) AMP → Inosinic acid (IMP) — AMP deaminase
c) Adenosine → Inosine — Adenosine deaminase
d) Guanosine → Guanine + Ribose-1-phosphate —
Purine nucleoside phosphorylase
e) DNA → Nucleoside monophosphate — RNAse
Catabolism of Guanine & Hypoxanthine and Purine
Nucleotide Salvage
23. Which of the following occurs in the catabolism of
hypoxanthine?
a) Allopurinol inhibits xanthine oxidase
b) All of the answers are true
c) None of the answers are true
d) Xanthine oxidase catalyzes the conversion of
guanine into xanthine
e) Uric acid is formed directly from guanine
24. Which of the following is true regarding gout?
a) It may be a problem with a purine-rich diet
b) It is caused by crystals of uric acid
c) None of the answers are true
d) It is treated with allopurinol
e) All of the answers are true
25. Which of the following is true regarding the salvage
synthesis of purine nucleotides?
a) It results in Lesch-Nyhan syndrome if HGPRT is
absent
b) None of the answers are true
c) It requires ribose-5-phosphate as a source of
ribose
d) All of the answers are true
e) It includes only the purine bases
26. Which is NOT true regarding Lesch-Nyhan syndrome?
a) Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is inherited in an
autosomal recessive manner.
b) Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a rare X-chromosome
linked inherited disorder
c) Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is associated with a build-
up of uric acid in all the body fluids for the patient
suffering from HPRT gene on the X-chromosome.
 Lecturio
d) Lesch-Nyhan syndrome occurs due to a deficiency
of hypoxanthine-guanine
phosphoribosyltransferase enzyme.
e) Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is associated with
neurological problems.
27. Which statement is NOT true regarding allopurinol?
a) Allopurinol enhances the synthesis of urea from
the uric acid by activating the enzyme xanthine
oxidase
b) Allopurinol forces salvage of hypoxanthine and
xanthine to purine ribotides
c) Allopurinol is used in the treatment of gout due to
its uric acid production inhibiting properties
d) Allopurinol is a purine analog and a structural
isomer of hypoxanthine
e) Allopurinol acts as an inhibitor of enzyme xanthine
oxidase and inhibits the oxidation of hypoxanthine
and xanthine to the uric acid
Pyrimidine Catabolism and Salvage Reactions
28. Which of the following is true regarding the catabolism of
pyrimidines?
a) It overlaps with salvage synthesis in the reverse
direction
b) None of the answers are true
c) All of the answers are true
d) It ultimately produces ammonia and carbon
dioxide
e) It proceeds through uracil
29. The nucleosidases use which of the following?
a) Decarboxylation reactions, to separate the sugar
from the base
b) Water, to hydrolyze the base from the sugar
c) Transamination reactions, for the separation of the
base from the sugar
d) Phosphate, to separate the base from the sugar
e) Carboxylation reaction, to separate the sugar from
the base
Deoxyribonucleotide Synthesis and Ribonucleotide Reductase
30. Which of the following is true regarding
deoxyribonucleotide de novo synthesis?
a) It requires ribonucleotide reductase
b) It produces dTTP from dCTP
c) All of the answers are true
d) None of the answers are true
e) It starts with ribonucleoside monophosphates
31. True regarding ribonucleotide reductase (RNR)?
a) All of the answers are true
b) It has a small subunit called R1
c) None of the answers are true
d) It contains an activatable tyrosine on the large
subunit
e) It has allosteric sites on the large subunit
32. Which of the ff is true regarding the catalysis by RNR?
a) All of the answers are true
b) It involves the transfer of electrons through
sulfhydryls
c) It involves the donation of electrons to the enzyme
from the ribonucleotide
d) It employs a phenylalanine radical
e) None of the answers are true
33. The oxidized ribonucleotide reductase enzyme is
converted back to a reduced form with the help of what?
a) Radicalized tyrosine
b) Reduced tyrosyl radicals
c) Reduced thioredoxin
d) Oxidized tyrosyl radicals
e) Oxidized thioredoxin
Nucleotide Metabolism and Thymidine Metabolism
34. Which of the following occurs in allosteric control of RNR?
a) The binding of dGTP at the allosteric site favors
the binding of ADP at the active site
b) None of the answers are true
c) The binding of dTTP at the allosteric site favors the
binding of UDP at the active site
d) The binding of dATP at the active site activates the
enzyme.
e) All of the answers are true
35. An abundance of the dATP in the cell leads to what?
a) Deactivation of ribonucleotide reductase enzyme
b) Generation of dGTP molecules via ribonucleotide
reductase enzyme activities
c) Generation of ATP molecules via ribonucleotide
reductase enzyme activities
d) Generation of dAMP molecules via ribonucleotide
reductase enzyme activities
e) Activation of ribonucleotide reductase enzyme
36. The enzyme dUTPase converts which of the following and
why?
a) dUMP to dTMP to make it available for the DNA
pol enzyme during replication
b) dUTP to dTTP to make it available for the DNA pol
enzyme during replication
c) dTMP to dUMP to make it available for the DNA
pol enzyme during replication
d) dUMP to dUTP to make it available for the DNA pol
enzyme during replication
e) dUTP to dUMP to prevent its utilization via the
DNA pol enzyme
Thymidylate Synthase and Recycling of Folates
37. Which of the following is true regarding thymidylate
synthase?
a) It catalyzes the removal of a methyl group from
dUMP to form dTMP
b) It transfers a carbon from a folate to make dTMP
c) It requires 5-fluorouracil to function
d) All of the answers are true
e) None of the answers are true
38. Which of the ff is true regarding dihydrofolate reductase?
a) It is necessary for folate recycling
b) None of the answers are true
c) It is inhibited by tetrahydrofolate
d) All of the answers are true
e) It is inhibited by dihydrofolate
39. Which of the following is true regarding methotrexate?
a) None of the answers are true
b) It is used in chemotherapy
c) All of the answers are true
d) It is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase
e) It resembles dihydrofolate
 Lecturio
40. Which of the ff is not true regarding suicide inhibitor?
a) The suicide inhibitor is usually substrate analog
b) Due to suicide inhibitor nature, 5-fluorouracil is
used in the treatment of cancerous tissues
c) The suicide inhibitor causes the activation of
cancer-causing enzymes and leads to the
formation of malignant tissues
d) The suicide inhibitor binds to the enzyme by
covalent bonding and causes irreversible enzyme
inhibition
e) 5-fluorouracil is a suicide inhibitor of thymidylate
synthase enzyme
41. Which of the following is not correctly associated?
a) 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate — donates a
methyl group to convert dUMP to dTMP
b) 5-Fluorouracil — suicidal inhibitor of the
thymidylate synthase enzyme
c) Methotrexate — stimulates cell division by
participating in regeneration of 5,10-
methylenetetrahydrofolate
d) Serine hydroxymethyltransferase — target enzyme
in anti-malarial treatment and studies
46. Which of the following is not true regarding BCX-4430?
a) BCX-4430 acts as an anti-translation agent and
kills the infected host cells
b) The phosphorylated form of BCX-4430 acts as a
competitive inhibitor of ATP
c) Immucillin-A acts as an anti-viral agent against the
Ebola virus
d) BCX-4430 (Immucillin-A) is an anti-viral drug, an
adenosine analog
e) BCX-4430 halts RNA synthesis inside the cells
47. Zalcitabine (ddC) acts as which of the following?
a) A translation terminator during protein synthesis
b) A translation initiator during protein synthesis
c) A chain terminator during DNA synthesis
d) A transcription initiator during RNA synthesis
e) A transcription terminator during RNA synthesis

Nucleoside Analogs and Deoxyadenosine Analogs

42. Which of the following is true regarding nucleoside
analogs used in therapeutics?
a) None of the answers are true
b) All of the answers are true
c) They are commonly competitive inhibitors of
nucleotides when present in cells
d) They move into cells easier than nucleotides
43. Nucleoside and nucleotide analogs commonly used as
anti-viral therapeutic drugs to prevent what?
a) Viral replication by halting the assembly of viral
proteins
b) Viral replication in the infected cells
c) Viral adhesion to the cell surface receptors present
on the outer surface of cell membrane
d) Viral replication by facilitating the formation of
defected viral protein coats
e) Viral replication by halting the movement of
ribosomes on the viral mRNA molecules
44. Which of the following is not an example of a nucleoside
analog drug?
a) Didanosine (ddI)
b) Vidarabine
c) Stavudine (d4T)
d) Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino oligomer (PMO)
e) Zalcitabine (ddC)

Analogs: Adenosine, Deoxycytidine,

Guanosine/Deoxyguanosine, Thymidine, Deoxyuridine
45. Which of the following is not used in HIV treatment?
a) Stavudine
b) Lamivudine
c) Fleximer
d) Zidovudine
e) Abacavir