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CHUYÊN ĐỀ 13 CẤU TẠO TỪ WORD FORM
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 13 CẤU TẠO TỪ WORD FORM
CHUYÊN ĐỀ 13
CẤU TẠO TỪ - WORD FORMS
S Quy tắc Ví
T dụ
T
1 V + ment N develop (v) + ment = development (n): sự phát triển
2 V + ance N attend (v) + ance = attendance (n): sự tham dự
3 V + ion/ation invent (v) + ion = invention (n): sự phát minh
N
4 V + age N marry (v) + age = marriage (n): hôn nhân
5 V + al N survive (v) + al = survival (n): sự sống sót
6 V + ing N teach (v) + ing = teaching (n): công việc dạy học
7 V + er ^ N employ (v) + er = employer (n): ông chủ
8 V + or N act (v) + or = actor (n): diễn viên
9 V + ress N act (v) + ress = actress (n): nữ diễn viên
10 V + ant N assist (v) + ant = assistant (n): trợ lí
11 V + ee N employ (v)+ ee = employee (n): công nhân
12 V + ledge N know (v) + ledge = knowledge (n): sự hiểu biết, kiến thức
13 V + ist N type (v) + ist = typist (n): người đánh máy
14 V + ar N lie (v) + ar = liar (n): kẻ nói dối
15 V + ence N depend (v) + ence = dependence (n): sự phụ thuộc
16 Adj + ness N rich (a) + ness = richness (n): sự giàu có
17 Adj + ity N able (a) + ity = ability (n): khả năng, năng lực
S Quy tắc Ví
T dụ
T
1 Adj + en V wide (a) + en = widen (v): mở rộng
2 En + Adj V en + rich (a) = enrich (v): làm giàu
3 N + en V length (n) + en = lengthen (v): làm dài ra, kéo dài ra
4 Adj + ise/ize V social (a) + ise/ize = socialize (v): xã hội hoá, hoà nhập
5 N + fy V beauty (n) + fy = beautify (v): làm đẹp
S Quy tắc Ví dụ
T
T
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5 N + able Adj reason (n) + able = reasonable (a): có lí, hợp lí
6 N + ous Adj danger (n) + ous = dangerous (a): nguy hiểm
7 N + some Adj trouble (n) + some = troublesome (a): gây rắc rối, khó chịu
8 N + al Adj nation (n) + al = national (a): thuộc quốc gia
9 N + ing/ed interest (n) + ing/ed = interesting /interested (a): thú vị/thích thú
Adj
10 N + ern = Adj south (n) + ern = southern (a): về phía nam, ở phía nam
11 N + y = Adj sun (n) + y = sunny (a): có nhiều ánh nắng
12 N + ible = Adj response (n) + ible = responsible (a): có trách nhiệm
13 V + ent Adj depend (v) + ent = dependent (a): phụ thuộc
14 V + ive invent (v) + ive = inventive (a): có tài phát minh, có óc sáng tạo
Adj N + ive expense (n) + ive = expensive (a): đắt
Adj
15 N + like Adj god (n) + like = godlike (n): như thần, như thánh
16 N + ish Adj fool (n) + ish = foolish (a): dại dột, ngu xuẩn
S Quy tắc Ví dụ
T
T
1 Adj + ly rapid (a) + ly = rapidly (adv): một cách nhanh chóng
Adv
* Lưu ý:
S Quy tắc Ví dụ
T
T
1 N + ly Adj like + ly = likely (a)
Adj+ ly Adv quick + ly = quickly
(adv)
2 V + al = N arrive + al = arrival
N + al = Adj (n) nation + al =
national (a)
3 V + ing = N teach + ing = teaching
N + ing= Adj (n) bore + ing =
boring (a)
4 Adj + y = N honest + y = honesty
N + y = Adj (n) wind + y = windy
(a)
- Fast vừa là tính từ vừa là trạng từ. Do đó, không có dạng "fastly".
- Hard (chăm chỉ, vất vả, cực nhọc) vừa là tính từ, vừa là trạng từ.
+ Hardly mang nghĩa là hiếm khi, hầu như không chứ không mang nghĩa là chăm chỉ, vất vả.
3
- Trạng từ của tính từ "good" là từ "well". Do đó, không có dạng "goodly".
V. Bài tập áp dụng
Em hãy xác định dạng của những từ sau:
Ví dụ: impression ( ), impress ( ), impressive ( ), impressively ( )
Đáp án:
Căn cứ bằng quy tắc: V + ion N.
V + ive N.
Do đó, ta có: impression (n), impress (v), impressive (a), impressively (adv)
1. beauty ( ), beautify ( ), beautiful ( ), beautifully ( )
2. reasonable ( ), reason ( ), reasonably ( )
3. industry ( ), industrial ( ), industrialize ( ), industrious ( .)
4. comfort ( ), comfortable ( ), comfortably ( .)
5. invite ( ), invitation ( )
6. care ( ), careful ( ), careless ( ), care ( ), carefully ( ),
carelessly ( )
7. health ( ), healthy ( )
8. disappointment ( ), disappoint ( ), disappointing ( ), disappointed
( )
9. nation ( ), national ( ), nationalize ( ), nationality ( )
10. act ( ), action ( ), activity ( ), active ( )
11. lazy ( ), laziness ( ), lazily ( )
12. education ( ), educate ( ), educated ( ), educative ( ), educational
( )
13. success ( ), succeed ( ), successful ( ), successfully ( )
14. pollute ( ), pollution ( ), pollutant ( ), polluted ( )
15. decide ( ), decision ( ), decisive ( )
B. TRẬT TỰ TỪ
I. Quy tắc
S Quy Ví
T tắc dụ
T
1 Sau to be (am/is/are/was/were) là tính The book is so interesting that I can't put it
từ. down.
2 Sau động từ là trạng từ. He runs more quickly than me.
3 Sau V (tri giác) + adj V (tri giác): hear, The food tastes delicious.
see, smell, taste, feel...
4 Sau look, seem, get, become, find, She looks happier than yesterday.
make… + adj.
5 Sau mạo từ (a/an/the) + N. The development of industry causes air
pollution.
6 Sau tính từ sở hữu He failed the exam because of his laziness.
4
(my/your/our/ his/her/their/its) là
danh từ.
7 Sau sở hữu cách là danh từ. Mai's house is very nice.
8 Sau đại từ chỉ định (this/that/these/ This machine has been out of order.
those) + N.
9 Sau some/any/many/much + N. There are many people waiting for the last bus.
10 Sau giới từ + N. My parents are celebrating 30 years, of marriage
next week.
11 Trước danh từ là tính từ. Copperheads are poisonous snakes.
12 Trước tính từ là trạng từ. The matter is comparatively complicated and
sensitive.
13 Đứng đầu câu, ngăn cách với phần Traditionally the positions of the women were
trong in
câu bằng dấu phẩy (,) là trạng từ. the kitchen.
14 Sau danh từ là danh từ. This firm is known for its high quality products.
15 Sau bring/take/have/buy/sell... + N. Money doesn't bring happiness to man.
16 Giữa hai động từ là trạng từ. He will certainly die if you don't call a doctor.
17 Khi có "and/or/but" thì hai vế cân The International Red Cross helps people in
nhau (cùng chức năng từ loại/ngữ need without any discrimination based on
pháp/ ngữ nghĩa). nationality, race, religion, class or political
opinions.
Exercise 2: Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each
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of the following questions
1. I don't believe what he has just said. It is
A. reason B. unreasonable C. reasonably D. reasoning
2. The teacher does everything in order to her students.
A. courage B. encourage C. encouragement D. encouraged
3. What is his ? Is he American or English?
A. national B. nationality C. nationalize D. international
4. You should spend your free time .
A. useful B. useless C. usefully D. uselessly
5. Please decide what you want to do. You must make a
A. decide B. decision C. decisive D. decisively
6. He is interested in the of old buildings.
A. preserve B. preservation C. preservative D. preserved
7. He has very high of his only son.
A. expect B. expectation C. expected D. expectedly
8. All of us need the of fresh air.
A. provide B. provided C. provision D. provisions
9. Farmers need to crops.
A. rotation B. rotate C. rotational D. rotationally
10. We are discussing about a problem of great
A. important B. importance C. importantly D. import
Exercise 3: Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each
of the following questions
1. He doesn't have a job. He is
A. employed B. unemployed C. employer D. employee
2. The cost of must be paid by the buyer.
A. carry B. carriage C. carrying D. carried
3. We have to the natural resources of our country.
A. conservation B. conserve C. conserved D. conservational
4. The industrial will lead to the country's prosperity.
A. develop B. development C. developing D. developed
5. Forests must be managed
A. careless B. careful C. carefully D. care
6. Her from school without any excuse made the teacher angry.
A. absent B. absence C. absently D. absences
7. The little boy felt very because his parents did not let him go with them.
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A. success B. successful C. unsuccessful D. sucsessfully
Exercise 4: Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each
of the following questions
1. During his the family lived in Cornwall.
A. child B. childlike C. childish D. childhood
2. How many were there in all?
A. compete B. competitions C. competitive D. competitors
3. We won't buy the car until the arises.
A. necessary B. necessity C. necessarily D. unnecessary
4. waste is one of the causes of air pollution.
A. Industrious B. Industrial C. industry D. industrialization
5. Mount Vesurius is an volcano.
A. act B. active C. action D. activity
6. He is confident enough to express his opinion
A. comfortable B. comfort C. comfortably D. uncomfortable
7. She is so busy with activities that she has no time for entertainment.
A. society B. social C. sociable D. socialization
8. One day, young Faraday attended a lecture given by a scientist, Sir Humphry Davy.
A. famous B. fame C. famously D. infamous
9. He has been very interested in doing research on since he was at high school.
A. Biology B. biological C. biologist D. biologically
10. You are old enough to take for what you have done.
A. responsible B. responsibility C. responsibly D. irresponsible
Exercise 5: Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each
of the following questions
1. These quick and easy can be effective in the short term, but they have a cost.
A. solve B. solvable C. solutions D. solvability
2. He was looking at his parents , waiting for recommendations.
A. obey B. obedience C. obedient D. obediently
3. The interviews with parents showed that the vast majority were of teachers.
A. support B. supportive C. supporter D. supporting
4. It is of you to leave the medicine where the children could reach it.
A. care B. caring C. careless D. careful
5. For reasons, passengers are requested not to leave any luggage unattended.
A. secure B. securely C. security D. securing
6. The leader of the explorers had the great in his native guide.
A. confident B. confidence C. confidential D. confidentially
7. We are impressed by his to help us with the hard mission.
A. will B. willing C. willingness D. willingly
8. Although they are twins, they have almost the same appearance but they are seldom in
A. agree B. agreeable C. agreement D. agreeably
9. The more and positive you look, the better you will feel.
A. confide B. confident C. confidently D. confidence
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10. It is reported that humans are the main reason for most species' declines and habitat and
degradation are the leading threats.
A. destroy B. destructive C. destructor D. destruction
Exercise 6: Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each
of the following questions
1. Many Vietnamese people their lives for the revolutionary cause of the nation.
A. sacrifice B. sacrificed C. sacrificial D. sacrificially
2. They had a candlelit dinner last night and she accepted his proposal of marriage.
A. romance B. romantic C. romantically D. romanticize
3. Are there any between Vietnamese and American culture?
A. differences B. different C. differently D. differential
4. Some people are concerned with physical when choosing a wife or husband.
A. attractive B. attraction C. attractiveness D. attractively
5. What could be more than a wedding on a tropical island?
A. romance B. romantic C. romanticize D. romanticism
6. In my hometown, many people still believe in marriage.
A. contract B. contractual C. contracts D. contracting
7. Though their performance was not perfect yet, the students held the audience's until the end.
A. attentive B. attention C. attentively D. attentional
8. The survey will cover various ways of the different attitudes toward love and marriage of
today's youth.
A. determination B. determine C. determined D. determining
9. Both Asian and Western students seem about how to answer the questionnaire of the survey.
A. confusedly B. confused C. confusing D. confusion
10. She was unaware of the embarrassing situation due to her different cultural background.
A. complete B. completed C. completing D. completely
Exercise 7: Mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each
of the following questions
1. What is more important to you, intelligence or ?
A. attraction B. attractiveness C. attractive D. attract
2. They started, as gatherings but they have become increasingly formalized in the last few
years.
A. informal B. informally C. informalize D. informality
3. Children who are isolated and lonely seem to have poor language and
A. communicate B. communication C. communicative D. communicator
4. There is a wide range of in the education system of the USA.
A. select B. selective C. selected D. selection
5. As an , Mr. Pike is very worried about the increasing of juvenile delinquency.
A. educate B. education C. educator D. educative
6. He did not do well at school and left with few qualifications.
A. academic B. academy C. academician D. academically
7. The Minister of the Education and Training Department appeared on TV last night to his
new policy.
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A. public B. publicly C. publicize D. publicizing
8. He owed his success not to privilege but to self-education and a driving desire for .
A. achieve B. achiever C. achievement D. achievable
9. To Vietnamese students, the examination to university is very difficult.
A. require B. requirement C. requisite D. required
10. Despite many recent advances, there are parts where schools are not equipped with
computers.
A. technology B. technological C. technologically D. technologist