BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

ARASOF-Nasugbu
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
Laboratory School

LEARNING MODULE IN Grade 9 English

1st Quarter 1st Semester, A.Y. 2020-2021

Quarter 1 Lesson1
ENGLISH 9 EXPRESSING PERMISSION,
OBLIGATION, AND
PROHIBITION

Lesson Duration: 4 hours per week

Subject Schedule: Grade 9 - Austerity
M 9:00-10:00; TTh 12:30 – 2:00
Grade 10 - Simplicity
M 10:30-11:30; WF 12:30 –2:00
Subject Teacher: Asst. Prof. EDWINA D. RODRIGUEZ
 Lesson 1 – Expressing Permission, Obligation and Prohibition

Expressing Permission, Obligation and Prohibition

Lesson 1

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Czg_9C7gw0o&t=12s

MELC No. 1 Express permission, obligation and prohibition using modals

1.1 Express permission using modals;

1.2 Express obligation using modals; and
1.3 Express prohibition using modals.

Grade 9 English [Insert a picture about the lesson] 1

 Lesson 1 – Expressing Permission, Obligation and Prohibition

THE BIG IDEA

Hello, Generation Z learners! Welcome to a brand new school year and welcome to our new
learning journey – Grade 9 English! This year, for the very first time, we will explore the exciting
possibilities of synchronous and asynchronous learning as we take advantage of new technology in
our quest for taking our communication skills to the highest achievable level. The possibilities are
endless and this is a challenge for all of us to be able to adapt to this new teaching and learning
arena, and to learn ---- in our choice of pace, time, and manner, at the comfort of our homes!

I will be your subject facilitator, and at the outset, I would like to emphasize that as we go through
the lessons listed in the Most Essential Learning Competencies, which I would most of the time, refer
to as the Minimum Learning Competencies, we will adhere to the

• standard sounds of the English language. This means that to get the most from the learning
tasks throughout the semester, it is imperative that a student is able to produce the
standard sounds of English in a near-native manner;
• grammar rules which are essential in getting our messages across effectively; and
• use of the most appropriate words to say exactly what we mean.

ACTIVITY

Title of the Activity: Name the Sign

In this activity, you will interpret the signs that are found on page 2 of this module.
What does each of the signs say?
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GUIDE QUESTIONS

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 Lesson 1 – Expressing Permission, Obligation and Prohibition

1. Why is the use of polite English important?

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2. Do you think that the correct use of modals will help you express yourself in polite English?
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DEEPEN YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Modals (also called modal verbs, modal auxiliary verbs, modal auxiliaries) are special verbs which
behave irregularly in English. They are different from normal verbs like work, play or visit. They
give additional information about the function of the main verb that follows. They have a great
variety of communicative functions.
When we want to express permission, prohibition (not allowing something), obligation or no
obligation we use modal verbs. 'Can' is most often used to ask for or give permission but 'may' and
'could' are also possible even though they are not used as often as 'can.'

Grade 9 English 3
 Lesson 1 – Expressing Permission, Obligation and Prohibition

EXPRESSING PERMISSION

Use the modal verbs of permission, 'can,' or 'could,' to indicate whether someone has permission to
do something or not. Use 'can' to say that someone IS allowed to do something and 'cannot' or, 'can't,'
to say that they do NOT have permission (are not allowed) to do something.

Modal verbs:
asking for, giving, refusing permission
Present or Future Past Tense
We use can when we give
someone permission to do something: We use could to say that something was
permitted in the past:
You can bring a friend to the party if you want. Many years ago you could smoke in cinemas, but
You can borrow my phone if your battery is dead. now it's banned.
We also use may for permission.
May is more formal and is used less often
than can: We also use was / were allowed in the past:

Passengers may take one small bag on board the We had to wear a tie at school, but we were
plane. allowed to take it off in hot weather.
Refusing permission
Refusing permission
We use can't to say that something isn't
permitted: We use couldn't / wasn't allowed to to say that
something was not permitted in the past:
You can't park here – it's private property.
He can't drive my car – he doesn't have We couldn't cross the border without our
insurance. passports.
Must not / mustn't is also used for permission, but is more formal. It is often used on signs and in
announcements:

Passengers must not speak to the driver while the bus is in motion.
Asking for permission: Asking about the past:

We use Can I? / Could I? / May I? to ask for
permission.
1. Can is informal: Can I speak to John Wilson,
please?
2. Could is more formal and polite: Could I speak
to John Wilson, please?
3. May is the most formal: May I speak to John
Wilson, please?
We use was allowed to? Could you? to ask if
something was permitted in the past.
Were you allowed to stay up late when you were
a child?
Could you stay up late when you were a child?
Could people travel between East and West
Berlin during the Cold War?

Grade 9 English 4
 Lesson 1 – Expressing Permission, Obligation and Prohibition

EXPRESSING OBLIGATION
Have To
When we are talking about obligations we usually use the words have to. This is how we indicate that
you have a duty or obligation based on work, family, rules or laws and other factors. Here are a few
examples of have to used for obligation:

• I have to pay my bills.

• I had to go to my mother’s house to see her.
• I had to work overtime this week.
• I will have to pick up my brother after school.

Have To Structure
It is common for English learners to think of have to as a modal auxiliary verb. However, it is not a
modal verb, or even an auxiliary verb. Keep in mind that have to is a main verb used in the infinitive.
It has been added to this lesson to help clear up any confusion. Here is the structure:
subject + auxiliary verb + have + infinitive (with to)

Here are some examples of have to:

subject auxiliary verb main verb have infinitive (with to)

+ He has to sing the song.

–I do not have to visit today.

Did she
? have to go home?
(auxiliary verb) (subject)

Have To Usage
When you use the phrase have to, usually it is because there is an external power forcing the
obligation. This external power could be many things such as the law, school rules, social etiquette,
etc.. Here are examples of how to use have to:

• In football, you have to wear a helmet.

• In this game, you have to roll the dice.
• He has to stop at the stop sign.

Did you notice something similar in the examples above? The obligation was never the subject’s
opinion or idea. Instead, the obligation is from an outside source. Here are more examples of have
to:

Grade 9 English 5
 Lesson 1 – Expressing Permission, Obligation and Prohibition

subject auxiliary verb main verb have infinitive

past simple She had to cook last week.

present simple We have to study now.

future simple I will have to drive next week.

present continuous He is having to wait until 5pm.

present perfect We have had to walk to class.

modal (will) They will have to work today.

Must
When something is essential or absolutely necessary, we use the term must. This is
an obligation that cannot be avoided. Here are a few examples of must:

• I must fix the leak in the roof before the next rain storm.
• She must take her dog to the veterinarian.
• He must stop drinking or he might die.

Must Structure
Must is a modal auxiliary verb and is followed by a main verb. Here is the structure:
subject + must + main verb
Here are a few examples:

subject auxiliary must main verb

I must leave now.

You must stop her.

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 Lesson 1 – Expressing Permission, Obligation and Prohibition

We must eat soon.

How to Use Must

When we use the word must instead of have to, it is because we are expressing a personal
obligation. It is not due to a law, your school or work, as a few examples. The speaker feels that it is
necessary for them to do to perform the task.

• He feels that he must get a better job.

• We must sell our house.
• I must fix the car.

In the examples above, the obligation is the opinion or idea of the person speaking. It is not an
obligation imposed from the outside. It is possible to use must for a real, externally forced obligation,
but generally we use have to instead.

• I have to stop working so much.

• I must stop working so much.

In many cases people interchange must and have to. It can be confusing so just remember these other
rules for using must and have to:

We can use must to talk about the present or future.

• We must leave now. (present)

• You must go to the park next week. (future)

Must can never be used to talk about the past. If you want to talk about the past, use had to.

• I had to take my mom to the doctor.

• She knew that she had to lose weight.

EXPRESSING PROHIBITION
Must not is used when talking about things that are not allowed. They
are prohibited and forbidden due to either real laws, regulations or personal obligations. If it is the
opinion of the speaker it is considered subjective. If it is due to an external factor such as a rule, law
or regulation, it is objective.
Here are a few examples of must not:

• Teachers mustn’t spank children. (objective)

• You mustn’t eat so much sugar. (subjective)
• You must not loiter here. (objective)
• She must not stay up so late. (subjective)

We can use must not to talk about the present or the future:

• You must not drive over the speed limit. (present)

• I must not go there next week. (future)

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 Lesson 1 – Expressing Permission, Obligation and Prohibition

Must not cannot be used to talk about the past if talking about permission, obligations or similar uses.
There are other words for that. Here are a few examples:

• She could not play in the game.

• I was not allowed to stay out late.

Must not is still used to talk about things in the past but in a different way. It is used to talk about
something that did not happen or occur. It is the negative form of must have used to talk
about events in the past. Here are a few examples:

• She must not have walked the dog.

• I must not have turned off the lights.

Examples:
1. Parking is strictly prohibited between these gates.
2. Students aren't allowed to come too late to school.
3. Drivers mustn't park their cars here.
4. It is forbidden to walk on the grass.
5. Smoking isn't permitted in hospitals.
6. People aren't permitted to throw rubbish here.

APPLY YOUR UNDERSTANDING

In this post-lesson activity, you will take 2 quizzes on the use of modals. Click on the
following links to start taking the test.

https://www.grammar-quizzes.com/modalquiz.html
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/modals/must_need_have_allowed.htm

Submit the screenshots of your test results on or before Oct. 30, 2020

Grade 9 English 8
 Lesson 1 – Expressing Permission, Obligation and Prohibition

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT

A. Role Playing

In this formative test, you will work with a partner. There are 8 situations here that you can
choose from, for your role play. Choose one situation and practice with a partner. Come up
with a video/audio file of your role play. Submit the video/audio file on or before Oct. 30,
2020.
Your performance will be graded based on the following criteria:

• Clarity of Self-expression 25%

• Grammar 25%
• Articulation 25%
• Overall Impact 25%
100%

Grade 9 English 9
 Lesson 1 – Expressing Permission, Obligation and Prohibition

REFLECTION

Why do you think is it important to use modals properly?

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Grade 9 English 10
 Lesson 1 – Expressing Permission, Obligation and Prohibition

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LEARNING RESOURCES

Internet Sources

https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/422281202399076/
https://speakspeak.com/resources
https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/modals/must_need_have_allowed.htm
https://www.grammar-quizzes.com/modalquiz.html

Prepared by:

Asst. Prof. EDWINA D. RODRIGUEZ

Subject Teacher, English 9

Reviewed by:

Ms. LEONISA C. MACALINDONG Ms. JINGLE G. GUEVARRA

In-charge, English and Filipino Coordinator [Lab. High School Dept.]

Approved by:

Asst. Prof. LORENJANE E. BALAN

Principal, Laboratory School

Grade 9 English 11