Experiment-2A

Aim- To verify ohms law in series.

Materials Required- 2 resistance boxes, Voltmeter, Ammeter, Battery

eliminator, wires.
Theory-
Series circuits are sometimes called current-coupled or daisy chain-coupled. The
current in a series circuit goes through every component in the circuit. Therefore, all
of the components in a series connection carry the same current. There is only one
path in a series circuit in which the current can flow.

From the circuit:

 Equivalent resistance,

Req=R1+R2
 Total current of the circuit,
IT=VS/Req
 Voltage across each resistance are,
For resistance R1, For resistance R2,
 VR1=R1×IT VR2=R2×IT
In a series circuit, the current through each of the resistors is the same, and the
voltage across the circuit is the sum of the voltages across each resistor.

Procedure-

1.Set DC voltage (0-30 V).

2.Here resistances are kept in series. Set the resistance R1(1 - 100 KΩ) value and set
resistance R2 (5 - 15 KΩ).
3.Voltmeter is placed parallel with resistors and ammeter in series with resistors.
4.Now note the Voltmeter and Ammeter reading for DC voltage.
5.Increase the DC voltage by 2 factor and note Voltmeter and Ammeter Readings.
6.Keeping resistance value constant, plot the V-I graph to verify Ohm's Law

7.Repeat step 2 to 6 for another set of resistance value .

Observations-
Set 1- Resistance R1= 50 KΩ
Resistance R2= 14 KΩ
 Resistance Req= 64 KΩ

Observations-
Set 2- Resistance R1= 12 KΩ
Resistance R2= 8 KΩ
Resistance Req= 20 KΩ
Set 3- Resistance R1= 65 KΩ
Resistance R2= 15 KΩ
Resistance Req= 80 KΩ

Graphs-

Set 1-
Set 2-

Set 3-
Calculations-

For Set 1-
Req= R1 + R2 = 64 KΩ
Slope of the line = Req= (8-0) V/ (0.125-0) mA = 64

For Set 2-
Req= R1 + R2 = 20 KΩ
Slope of the line = Req= (8-0) V/ (0.4-0) mA = 20

For Set 3-
Req= R1 + R2 = 80 KΩ
Slope of the line = Req= (8-0) V/ (0.1-0) mA = 80

Result-

Voltage (V) vs Current (mA) graph is straight line, starting from origin;
with the value of slope of graph equal to the value of the Equivalent
resistance, Req, of the circuit.

Hence, Ohm’s law for resistances connected in series is thus proved.

Sources of Error-
1. Connecting wires may not be uniform cross-section, leading to
variance in resistance in the circuit.
2. Connections may not be tight or contact resistance may vary.
 3. Faults in calibration of Voltmeter and Ammeter.

Precautions-
1. Measuring instruments (ammeter and voltmeter) of proper range
and least count, as per the requirements of experiment should be
selected.
2. Take care that short circuiting does not takes place and excessive
current is not drawn from the battery.
3. While making connections, keep the plug off the key, insert the plug
in the key only while taking the observations.