Chemical Bonding

FORM 3
By Ms Maharaj
 Why do atoms bond?
• Consider the electronic configuration of the
noble gasses:
• He- 2
• Ne- 2,8
• Ar- 2,8,8
• What do you notice about their outer shells?
 The stability of the noble gasses
• The noble gasses all have full outer shells
• Full outer shells mean the noble gasses are
STABLE, He has its first shell with 2 electrons
• Ne has electronic configuration2, 8
• Ar has configuration 2,8,8 and its outer shell is
full making it stable.
• ALL other elements in the periodic table are
NOT stable because they do not have a FULL
outer or Valence shell.
 How other elements become stable
• Other elements will all try to full their valence
shell by forming BONDS with other elements
• Elements when they bond try to achieve stability
by:
• Losing electrons eg Na loses 1 electron to become
a positive ion.
• X – e--🡪 X 1-
• Element Cl which has electronic configuration
2,8,7 will GAIN 1 electron and become a negative
Recall the Periodic table
 Metals and Non-metals
• 1Where in the periodic table will you find :
• Metals
• Non-metals
• 2 Give an example of :
• Metals
• Non-metals
How elements combine to form bonds
• Elements in the periodic Table combine in
different ways to form 3 main types of bonds:
• Metal + non-metal= Ionic Bond
• Non-metal+ Non-metal= Covalent bond
• Metal+ Metal = Metallic bond
 A LITTLE VIDEO ON IONIC
BONDS
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qf07-8Jhhpc&feature=youtu.be
https://youtu.be/zpaHPXVR8WU
• (If link does not work please copy and paste link into your browser)
• Activity

• Write down 4 facts about Ionic Bonding from the video.

• Ionic bond forms opposite charged atoms (IONS) attract.
• Ionic bonds formed between Metal and Non metal
• Eg NaCl sodium chloride is an ionic compound
• Sodium positive ion is attracted to chloride negative ion and forms the IONIC BOND
 WHO COMBINENES WITH WHO
IN THE PERIODIC TABLE?
• Activity
• Which elements have 1,2,3 electrons in their outer shell?Gp 1 elements have 1 electron in
outershell, Group 2 has 2 electrons in its outer shell, Group 3 has 3 electrons. Gps. 1,2,3 are all
metals
• Will these electrons give up or gain electrons to become stable?EG Na -2,8,1- gives up 1
electron to become stable
• Mg- 2, 8,2- Give up 2 electrons
• Al-2,8,3- Give up 3 elctrons
• METALS in the periodic Table have 1,-2---,or 3 electrons in their outer shell and will gain/lose
electrons to become stable.
• Eg Na (2,8,1)---🡪 Na1+ (2,8)+ 1e
• Will Non-metals in group 7 for example gain/lose electrons to become stable?
• Consider Cl (2,8,7) + 1e--🡪 Cl 1-(2,8,8)
IONic bonding

• Always formed between metals and non-metals

+ -
[METALS ] [NON-METALS ]

Lost e- Gained e-
 Activity

Use the above bonding diagram as a

guide to draw the bonding diagram
between Lithium atom and chlorine
atom