WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

INSTITUTE OF BUILDING ENGINEERING

Report

The image analysis of concrete microstructure

Author:
Sule Bayrak

Index number:
323948

STATEMENT
I have prepared the following report by
myself.

Shule Bayrak
Signature
Table of contents
1. Subject of the image analysis........................................................................................................3
2. Results...........................................................................................................................................3
3. Conclusions...................................................................................................................................5
4. Literature.......................................................................................................................................5

2
1. Subject of the image analysis

As the beginning we analyze the pictures of concrete material using GIMP program, the aim is
to show the pores of the samples by adjusting brightness and contrast of texture, as a result we
get black and white image indicating the microstructure of the sample. Later on the result on
picture is being imported towards ImageJ program, in order to describe 3d objects ,using the
information provided on pictures of microstructure.The results from the ImageJ software are
then transfered towards Microsoft Excel to produce histograms.
Table.1. The composition of concretes tested
Ingridient Concrete 1 Concrete 2
Concrete 320 kg 320 kg
Water 178 kg 178 kg
Fine and coarse 1905 kg 1905 kg
aggregate
Air- entraining 0% cement mass 1% cement mass
admixture

2. Results

Using the information from Table 1of both concrete samples, the only difference between them is
air-entraining admixture; the first sample contains 0 percent of cement mass and the second sample
contains 1 percent of cement mass, it is shown in figures 1 and 2 , one sample has bigger amount of
pores that the other sample. The bigger amount of pores in sample B means that the compressive
strength capabilities of the concrete can go down. In sample A, the area of the pores is 1.034%
compared to 1.466% in sample B.

As seen in figures 1 and 2, the coarse aggregate grains in sample B are smaller and appear more
frequently than in sample A. The histogram table enables to see the most occurring pore size.
According to the results shown in the histograms, sample B has a bigger number of pores with
smaller diameters also having a bigger total area of pores.
Figure.1. Images of concrete microstructure sample A : a) registered image, b) image after segmentation of
pores

Figure.2. Images of concrete microstructure sample B : a) registered image, b) image after segmentation of
pores

Table.2. Results of the quantitative image analysis of concrete microstructure

Sample NP Vvp%
A 5236 1.034%
B 6495 1.466%
 Figure.3. Histograms of equivalent diameter d2 of pores in ordinary concrete

3. Conclusions

Using the results, we can come up to solution that sample A has better quality since the amount of
pores is lower , which means it has a better compressive strength. The air-entraining admixture
added to the sample B increases the number of pores as well as areas, by this resulting the weaker
sample. The addition of air-entraining admixtures in the sample B may have been intended to
increase the workability of the material as well as adding resistance towards it while facing
freezing.

4. Literature
Enumerated literature used for report preparation, presented as follows:
[1] Czarnecki, L., Emmons, P.H., Naprawa i ochrona konstrukcji betonowych, Polski Cement,
Kraków, 2002, s. 434;
[2] Courard, L., Piotrowski, T., Garbacz, A., Near-to-Surface properties affecting bond strength
in concrete repair, Cement & Concrete Composites, 46, 2014, s. 73-80;
[3] Czarnecki L., Broniewski T., Henning O., Chemia w budownictwie, Arkady, Warszawa,
1994;
[4] https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/download.html
[5] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/air-entrainment
[6] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/entraining- admixture#:~:text=Air
%20entraining%20admixture%20refers%20to,ability%20and%20dur ability%20of
%20concrete.
[7] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0008884694900043
[8] https://rcin.org.pl/Content/67382/WA727_29294_56175_Elsen-2D.pdf