Main Hospital Medical Equipment’s

Done By: Eng Yazan Aljabari

Date: 10/10/2021
E-mail :yazan.9.4@outlook.com
Introduction

A medical device is any device designed to be used for medical

purposes. Thus, what distinguishes a medical device from an everyday
device is its intended use. Medical devices benefit patients by helping
health care providers diagnose and treat patients, help patients
overcome illness or disease, and improve their quality of life. There is a
high potential for risks in the use of a device for medical purposes, and
therefore the safety and efficacy of medical devices must be
demonstrated with reasonable assurance before governments are
allowed to regulate the marketing of the device in their country. As a
general rule, as the risks associated with the device increase, the
amount of testing required to determine safety and efficacy also
increases. (3) Diagnostic medical equipment is any type of equipment or
tools used in a hospital setting for the sole purpose of diagnosing a
patient’s condition. Based on the symptoms described by the patient, a
diagnostic test is performed using the appropriate equipment to evaluate
the patient internally. (4)
Treatment equipment is any type of medical device or tool that is
designed to treat a specific condition. It utilizes modern technology in
order to address any abnormalities to restore function in the affected
organs or tissues within the body. This can also include the surgical
supplies designed to provide treatment for certain conditions that require
surgical intervention. (4)
Medical Laboratory Equipment The using of medical laboratory
equipment is often seen in medical clinics or diagnostic laboratories.
These types of equipment are intended for the analysis of blood, urine,
genes, and other biological material. (4)
 Basic Common Medical Equipment in a hospital
1. Patient monitor

Patient monitors are medical equipment that keep accurate track of a patient’s
vitals and state of health during intensive or critical care. They are used for adult,
pediatric & neonatal patients. (4)

2. Defibrillators

Defibrillators is an equipment which is used to control heart fibrillation by

application of an electric current to the chest wall or heart. It is a machine
that makes the heart beat normally again after a heart attack, by giving it an
electric shock. Commonly used in life-threatening situations such as cardiac
arrhythmias or tachycardia, defibrillators restore normal rhythm to the heart. They
are essential tools that a hospital always should own. (4)

3. Ventilator

A ventilator is a machine designed to pass breathable air into and out of the
lungs, to ease breathing for a patient who is feeling difficult to breathe. Ventilators
are mainly used in ICU, home care, and emergency and in anesthesia associated
with anesthesia machine. Ventilation systems are categorized as a life critical
system, and it should be safe guarded and must ensure that they are highly
reliable, including their power-supply. (4)

4. Infusion Pump

An infusion pump infuses fluids, medication or nutrients into a patient’s body. It is

generally used intravenously, although subcutaneous, arterial and epidural infusions
are also used occasionally. Infusion pump can deliver fluids and other nutrients in
such a way that it will be difficult if done by a nurse. E.g., Infusion pump can deliver
as little as 0.1 mL per hour injections which cannot be done through a drip injection
every minute, or fluids whose volumes vary by the time of day.(4)

5. Syringe Pump

Syringe pump is a small infusion pump which has a capability to infuse and
withdraw and it can be used to gradually administer small amounts of fluid with or
without medication to a patient. Syringe pump prevents the time in which
medication levels in the blood are too high or too low as in usual drip hence this
equipment saves time of the staff and also reduces errors. (1) Syringe pump are
also used to administer IV medications for several minutes. In the case where
medication should be slowly pushed in over the course of several minutes. (4)

DIAGNOSTICS & IMAGING EQUIPMENT S

6. EKG/ECG machines

Electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) machines record the electrical activity of the

heart over a period of time and allow health care providers to monitor the overall
rhythm of the heart and identify any abnormalities in an individual. During an
ECG test, electrodes are placed on the skin of the chest and connected in a
specific order to ECG machine, when it is turned on, measures electrical activity
of the heart. (2)

7. Hematology Analyzer / Cell counter

Hematology analyzers are used mainly for patient and research purpose to
diagnose disease by counting blood cells and monitor it. Basic analyzers return a
complete blood count with a three-part differential white blood cell count.
Advanced analyzers measure cell and can detect small cell populations to
diagnose rare blood conditions. (4)

8. Biochemistry Analyzer

Biochemistry analyzers are the equipment which are used to measure the
concentration of chemicals in a biological process. These chemicals are used in
different biological processes at different stages. An automated analyzer is a
medical equipment used in laboratory to measure different chemicals quickly,
with less human assistance. (3)

9. X-ray Machine

An X-ray machine is any machine that involves X-rays. It consists of an X-ray

generator and an X-ray detector. X rays are electromagnetic radiation that
penetrates structures within the body and creates images of these structures on
film or a fluorescent screen. These images are called x-rays. In medical field, X-
ray generators are used by radiographers to get x-ray images of the internal
structures e.g., bones of a patient. (3)

10. Ultrasound

Ultrasound imaging is a technology that allows sound waves to be transmitted to

a computer screen as images. Ultrasound helps the doctor to examine the patient
of various health issues such as pregnant women, cardiac patient, patient having
abdominal problem etc. Ultrasound can be used during pregnancies by
gynaecologist and obstetrician to confirm the pregnancy, know the baby position
and its heart beat and check the growth of the baby on regular basis. (1)

11. Surgical lights / OT Light

 A surgical light which is also called as an operating light is a medical equipment
which helps medical personnel during a surgery by illuminating on a local area of
the patient. There are several types in the surgical lights based on their mounting,
type of light source, illumination, size etc. as Ceiling type, Mobile OT light, Stand
type, single dome, double dome, LED, Halogen etc. (4)

12. Surgical tables/ OT tables

Surgical tables are necessities for a hospital. For patient preparation, surgical
procedures and recovery, these pieces of equipment are essential.(3) An
operating table or surgical table, is the table on which the patient lies during a
surgical operation. The surgical table is used in the operation theatre. An
operating table can manual / hydraulic or electric (remote control) operated.
Selection of surgical table depends on type of procedure to be conducted as
orthopedic set-up need a surgical table with ortho attachments. (1)

13. Electrosurgical unit / Cautery machine

An electrosurgical unit is used in surgery to cut, coagulate, or otherwise

alter tissue, often to limit the amount of blood flow to an area and increase
visibility during a surgery. This equipment is crucial to cauterizing and
minimizing blood loss during surgery. (1)

14. Anesthesia machine / Boyle’s apparatus

The anesthetic machine or anesthesia machine or Boyle’s machine is used
by physician anaesthesiologists to support the administration of anesthesia.
They provide an accurate and continuous supply of medical gases as oxygen
and nitrous oxide, mixed with an accurate concentration of anesthetic vapour
such as isoflurane and deliver this to the patient at safe pressure and flow.
Modern anesthesia machines incorporate a ventilator, suction unit, and patient
monitoring devices. (1)

15. Suction apparatus / Suction machine

It is a medical device used to remove different types of secretions including
liquid or gaseous secretions from the body cavity. It is based on the principle
of vacuuming. There are mainly two types of suction apparatus, Single jar and
double jar type. (2)

16. Sterilizer / Autoclave

Hospital sterilizers kill all forms of microbial life including fungi, bacteria,
viruses, spores, and all other entities present on surgical tools and other
medical items. Usually, sterilization process is done by bringing an instrument
to a high temperature with steam, dry heat, or boiling liquid. (3)

Conclusion

Medical devices differ in terms of their intended use and indications.

Examples range from simple, low-risk devices such as tongue
depressors, medical thermometers, disposable gloves and bed sheets,
to complex high-risk implants and life-sustaining devices. Examples of
high-risk devices include built-in software such as regulators Heartbeat,
which helps with medical tests, implants, and prosthetic devices.
Complex components such as housings for cochlear implants are
manufactured through deep drawn and drawn-out manufacturing
processes. Medical device design is a major sector of biomedical
engineering.

References :
1-https://www.futurehealthconcepts.com/blog/posts/10-pieces-of-medical-
equipment-all-hospitals-need.html
2-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instruments_used_in_general_medicine
3-https://www.primedeq.com/blog/basic-common-medical-equipment-
required-in-a-hospital/
4- Hardware book copy: Medical Equipment Maintenance Guideline
Authority E-mail (aymankyl@gmail.com).