Earth and Life Science

Quarter 2 – Module 1:
History of the Earth
Earth and Life Science – Grade 11/ 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 1: History of the Earth
First Edition, 2020

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work
of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or
office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit.
Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of
royalties.

Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
trademarks, etc.) included in this module are owned by their respective copyright holders.
Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from
their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim
ownership over them.

Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

SENIOR HS MODULE DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Author : Kate E. Lapid

Co-Author - Content Editor : Jeshamenme A. Baluyot
Co-Author - Language Reviewer : Felina L. Sarmiento Phd
Co-Author - Illustrator : John Kennedy S. Esperanza
Co-Author - Layout Artist : Kate E. Lapid

Team Leaders:
School Head : Amelinda A. Fandialan
LRMDS Coordinator : Donna T. Santos-Villanueva

DIVISION MANAGEMENT TEAM:

Schools Division Superintendent
OIC- Asst. Schools Division Superintendent
Chief Education Supervisor, CID
Education Program Supervisor, LRMDS
Education Program Supervisor, AP/ADM
Education Program Supervisor, Science
Project Development Officer II, LRMDS
Division Librarian II, LRMDS
Division Book Designer
: Romeo M. Alip, PhD, CESO V
: William Roderick R. Fallorin, CESE
: Milagros M. Peñaflor, PhD
: Edgar E. Garcia, MITE
: Romeo M. Layug
: Edwin R. Bermillo, EdD.
: Joan T. Briz
: Rosita P. Serrano
: Kenneth G. Doctolero

Printed in the Philippines by Department of Education – Schools Division of Bataan

Office Address: Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan
Telefax: (047) 237-2102
E-mail Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph
Earth and Life Science
Quarter 2 – Module 1:
History of the Earth
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Earth and Life Science- Grade 11/12 Alternative Delivery Mode

(ADM) Module on History of the Earth!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping

the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming their

personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent

learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help

learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their

needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of

the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.

You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage their

own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the learners as they

do the tasks included in the module.

1
For the learner:

Welcome to the Earth and Life Sciences-Grade 11/12 Alternative Delivery Mode

(ADM) Module on History of the Earth!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to

depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and

accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner is

capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and skills at

your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities

for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to

process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to This will give you an idea of the skills or

Know competencies you are expected to learn in the

module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

What I Know
check what you already know about the lesson

to take. If you get all the answers correct

(100%), you may decide to skip this module.

This is a brief drill or review to help you link the

What’s In
current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New
introduced to you in various ways such as a

story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an

activity or a situation.

2
 This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It
lesson. This aims to help you discover and

understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

What’s More
practice to solidify your understanding and

skills of the topic. You may check the answers

to the exercises using the Answer Key at the

end of the module.

What I Have This includes questions or blank

Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process

what you learned from the lesson.

This section provides an activity which will help

What I Can Do
you transfer your new knowledge or skill into

real life situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your level

Assessment
of mastery in achieving the learning

competency.

Additional In this portion, another activity will be given to

Activities you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the

lesson learned. This also tends retention of

learned concepts.

This contains answers to all activities in the

Answer Key
module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

3
The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the

module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.

2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities

included in the module.

3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.

4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.

5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.

6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not hesitate

to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and gain

deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

4
 What I Need to Know

This module is written to help the student to know how the stratification or rocks
occurs and what are the agents that cause layering of rocks
1. Explain how the movement of plates lead to the formation of folds and faults.
(S11/12ES-Ie-22).
2. Describing how layers of rocks (stratified rocks) are formed (S11/12ES-Ie-25).
3. Describe the different methods (relative and absolute dating) to determine the
age of stratified rocks (S11/12ES-Ie-26).
4. Explain how relative and absolute dating were used to determine the
subdivisions of geologic time (S11/12ES-Ie-27).
3. Describe how the Earth’s history can be interpreted from the geologic time scale
(S11/12ES-Ie-29).

Learning Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. Acquire familiarity with the Geologic Time Scale;
2. Show the contributions of different personalities in the establishment of the
Geologic Time Scale;
3. Describe how relative and absolute dating were used to subdivide geologic time;
4. Appreciate the immensity of geologic time and recognize that the Earth has a
very long history;
5. Identify the timing and duration of the major events in Earth’s History;
6. Recognize how short human history is in relation to the history of the Earth

5
 What I Know

Instruction: Choose the correct answer. Write your answer in the space provided
beside the number.
_____1. This is a layer of rock that is dense and compacted.
a. Clastic Rock b. Non-Clastic Rock
c. Stratified Rock d. Non-stratified Rock
_____ 2. It is a phase of stratification wherein sediments are glued together.
a. Weathering b. Erosion
c. Cementation d. Compaction
_____ 3. It is an era where the fish, insects and amphibians dominated the Earth.
a. Mesozoic b. Cambrian
c. Cenozoic d. Paleozoic
_____ 4. It is a phase of stratification wherein fragments are moved by ice, water or
wind.
a. Weathering b. Erosion
c. Cementation d. Deposition
_____5. It is a phase of stratification wherein sediments are squeezed and loses its
porosity.
a. Weathering b. Erosion
c. Compaction d. Cementation
_____6. It is an era where the reptiles dominated the Earth.
a. Mesozoic b. Cambrian
c. Cenozoic d. Paleozoic
_____ 7. It is a movement wherein adjacent plates pull apart with each other.
a. Transverse b. Convergent
c. Divergent d. Transform

6
_____ 8. It is a movement wherein opposite plates meets and one plate is dragged
downward.
a. Transverse b. Convergent
c. Divergent d. Transform
_____ 9. It is an era where mammals and birds adapt and dominated the Earth.
A. Mesozoic B. Cambrian
C. Cenozoic D. Paleozoic
_____ 10. This process involves water that solidifies causing the rock to break.
a. Physical Weathering b. Chemical Weathering
c. Mechanical Weathering d. Biological Weathering
_____ 11. This is an era wherein protective ozone layer was formed.
A. Phanerozoic B. Proterozoic
C. Hadean D. Archean
_____ 12. It is a combined set of ages.
a. Period b. Epoch
c. Eon d. Era
_____ 13. It is a pre-Cambrian eon that has a time interval of 2500 to 570 million
years.
a. Phanerozoic b. Archean
c. Proterozoic d. Hadean
_____ 14. It is the phase of stratification wherein big rocks are breakdown into
smaller pieces.
a. Weathering b. Erosion
c. Compaction d. Deposition
_____15. The following are example of common cementing agent EXCEPT:
a. Calcite b. Sodium
c. Hematite d. Silica

7
Lesson
Deformation of Crust
1
This module will help you to understand the process of stratification. We
will discuss how a single rock can be divided into small fragments or sediments,
and then will become a part of layers of rock.

But before you start answering the different activities; please be guided by
the following concept.

Crustal Displacement
Movement of Soil

Distortion of
Terrain

8
 What’s In

Instruction: Classify the following words and phrases in “WORD POOL” whether it
is from Sea Floor Spreading Hypothesis, Continental Drift Theory or Plate
Tectonic.

boundary rifts Pangea

division of landmass Ocean Ridges
Asia divergent transform
convergent molten magma

Sea Floor Spreading Continental Drift Plate Tectonic

Hypothesis Theory

Notes to the Teacher

This module was designed and written to help you to be able to
demonstrate an understanding of how the planet Earth evolved in
the last 4.6 billion years.

9
 What’s New

Instruction: Ready the materials needed for the activity then follow the direction
given, do not forget to answer the guide question.

Materials:
1 container 1 cup of red soil 1 cup of sand
1 liter of water 1 cup of black soil board

Direction:
1. In separate cup, put 100ml of water in each type of soil (black, red, sand) or
until it thickens or become wet.
2. Slowly pour the sand in the container using the board with an inclination of
45°.
3. Let sit and dry, expose the mixture in the sun and pound it to compress the soil
but remember to not crash the dry mixture.
4. Pour the mixture of water and red soil (mud) in the same container.
4. Repeat procedure three before pouring the mixture of water and black soil then
repeat the third step for the last time.
5. Observe what happen to the three kind of soil.

Guide Questions:
1. What happen to the soil? Does it form layers or not?
2. What are the different agent affecting this phenomenon?
3. What would be the best example of it in our environment?

10
 What is It

Instruction: Make a story board on how stratified rock was formed using the
photos and names.

Weathering Erosion Deposition

Compaction Cementation Stratified Rock

11
Rubrics for WHAT’S IT:

Criteria Outstanding (3) Satisfactory (2) Poor (1)

Content All the facts and Some facts and The story board
information are information are not does not cater the
(2x)
present to the story present to the story information.
board. board.

Coherence The sentences and The sentences within There is no

paragraphs have the paragraph have oneness of idea.
oneness of idea. oneness of idea, but do
not have relation to
other paragraph.

Creativity The story board is The story board is There is no

creatively done and creatively done but creativity at all.
has a great impact. have lesser impact.

RUBRICS for WHAT’S MORE ACTIVITY

Criteria Outstanding (3) Satisfactory (2) Poor (1)

Content (2x) All the facts and Some facts and The table has
information are information are not many errors.
present in the table. present in the table.

Connection All of the facts are Most of the facts are There is no
connected to the connected to the connection.
movement of plate movement of plate
tectonics tectonics

12
 What’s More

Instruction: Relate the movement of the crust in the formation of

stratified rocks.

Convergent Movement makes the moving plates in the opposite

directions meet in some point that makes the other to subduct.

Divergent Movement makes the moving adjacent plates pull

apart that causes spaces between the slabs.

Transform Movement makes the plates slide passing each other

causing earthquakes.

13
Lesson
2 History of the Earth .

What is It

Relative Dating is a qualitative method while Absolute Dating a quantitative

method that is used to identify the age of stratified rocks.

Instruction: Categorize the following “rock” words by completing the sentence and
placing in its respective column.

RELATIVE DATING METHOD ABSOLUTE DATING METHOD

14
 What’s More

Instruction: Go from the “START” to the “END” by labeling the different eons and
era based on significant events that happen that can be seen on different boxes
below.

START

PRECAMBRIAN HADEAN ARCHEAN

PALEOZOIC PHANEROZOIC

MESOZOIC
PROTEROZOIC

CENOZOIC END

Represents 80% of Age of “Ancient Life” ; Rapid Oxygen level reaches

Earth’s history diversification of life as represented 3% of the atmosphere
Eon of “Hidden Life” by the Cambrian Fauna; Dominance Rise of multicellular
of marine invertebrates; Plants and organisms represented
fossil record
Animals colonize land; Oxygen level by the Vendian Fauna
Eon of “visible life” in the Atmosphere approaches Formation of the
Diversification of life. present day concentration; Massive protective Ozone Layer
Life forms with Extinction at the end atmosphere
preservable hard parts
Age of Mammals; Radiation of modern birds; Early Primates;
Anaerobic;No Ozone; Continents near present-day position; First hominids; Modern
Photosynthetic huma; Global ice ages begin
prokaryotes emerged
and started releasing Chaotic time, lots of meteorite bombardment; Atmosphere
oxygen to the reducing CHO4, NH3, CO2; Start of the hydrologic cycle and the
Atmosphere; Life formation of the world oceans;Life emerged in this “hostile”
forms still limited to environment
prokaryotes until
when Eukaryotes Dominance of reptiles and dinosaurs; Pangea starts to break-
emerged. apart; Early mammals; First birds; First flowering plants; Mass
Extinction at the end of the Cretaceous

15
 What I Have Learned

Instruction: Complete the fishbone below by writing the significant event happen
based on the History of the Earth.

HADEAN PROTEROZOIC PALEOZOIC CENOZOIC

ARCHEAN PHANEROZOIC MESOZOIC

Criteria Outstanding (3) Satisfactory (2) Poor (1)

Content All the facts and Some facts and The diagram does
information are information are not not cater the
(2x)
present to the present to the diagram. information.
diagram

Coherence The words have Some words are not There is no

oneness of idea. aligned with other. oneness of idea.

16
 What I Can Do

Instruction: Choose 3 boxes to answer. Write your answer on the space provided .

TIC-TAC-TOE

1. What method is 2. Why do we need to 3. What method is

best to use in study the age of the best to use in
Sedimentary rock? stratified rocks? Metamorphic rock?
Why? Why?

4. What is the 5. What do you think

importance of these will happen to
methods in Geology? EUREKA! mankind if one of the
causes of major
extinction happens
today? Why?

6. Do this topic have 7. What method is 8. Relate the methods

significance to our best to use in Igneous in your own life.
daily life? Cite some rock? Why?
examples.

Question: ______________________________________________________

Answer: _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Question: ______________________________________________________

Answer: _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

17
Question: ______________________________________________________

Answer: _______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

Criteria Outstanding (3) Satisfactory (2) Poor (1)

Content All the facts and Some facts and The diagram
information are information are not does not cater
(2x)
present to the present to the the information.
diagram diagram.

Coherence The words have Some words are not There is no

oneness of idea. aligned with other. oneness of idea.

Assessment

Instruction: Choose the correct answer. Write your answer in the space provided
beside the number.
_____1. This is a layer of rock that is dense and compacted.
a. Clastic Rock b. Non-Clastic Rock
c. Stratified Rock d. Non-stratified Rock
_____ 2. It is a phase of stratification wherein sediments are glued together.
a. Weathering b. Erosion
c. Cementation d. Compaction

18
_____ 3. It is an era where the fish, insects and amphibians dominated the Earth.
a. Mesozoic b. Cambrian
c. Cenozoic d. Paleozoic
_____ 4. It is a phase of stratification wherein fragments are moved by ice, water or
wind.
a. Weathering b. Erosion
c. Cementation d. Deposition
_____5. It is a phase of stratification wherein sediments are squeezed and loses its
porosity.
a. Weathering b. Erosion
c. Compaction d. Cementation
_____6. It is an era where the reptiles dominated the Earth.
a. Mesozoic b. Cambrian
c. Cenozoic d. Paleozoic
_____ 7. It is a movement wherein adjacent plates pull apart with each other.
a. Transverse b. Convergent
c. Divergent d. Transform
_____ 8. It is a movement wherein opposite plates meets and one plate is dragged
downward.
a. Transverse b. Convergent
c. Divergent d. Transform
_____ 9. It is an era where mammals and birds adapt and dominated the Earth.
A. Mesozoic B. Cambrian
C. Cenozoic D. Paleozoic
_____ 10. This process involves water that solidifies causing the rock to break.
a. Physical Weathering b. Chemical Weathering
c. Mechanical Weathering d. Biological Weathering
_____ 11. This is an era wherein protective ozone layer was formed.
A. Phanerozoic B. Proterozoic
C. Hadean D. Archean
_____ 12. It is a combined set of ages.
a. Period b. Epoch
c. Eon d. Era

19
_____ 13. It is a pre-Cambrian eon that has a time interval of 2500 to 570 million
years.
a. Phanerozoic b. Archean
c. Proterozoic d. Hadean
_____ 14. It is the phase of stratification wherein big rocks are breakdown into
smaller pieces.
a. Weathering b. Erosion
c. Compaction d. Deposition
_____15. The following are example of common cementing agent EXCEPT:
a. Calcite b. Sodium
c. Hematite d. Silica

20
 Additional Activities

Instruction: Cut the PIZZA below based on the percentages of

each Geologic Time Scale.

LEGEND:
 Phanerozoic Eon
o Cenozoic Era
o Mesozoic Era
o Paleozoic Era
 Proterozoic Eon
 Archean Eon
 Hadean Eon

21
The Precambrian Hadean Eon Archean Eon Proterozoic Eon
22
a. Represents 80% b. Chaotic time, lots of meteorite a. Anaerobic (lack of oxygen) a. Oxygen level reaches
of Earth’s history bombardment b. No Ozone ~ 3% of the atmosphere
b. Eon of “Hidden c. Atmosphere reducing (Methane, c. Photosynthetic prokaryotes (blue b. Rise of multicellular
Life” – fossil record Ammonia, CO2) green algae) emerged and started organisms represented
obscure. d. Start of the hydrologic cycle and releasing oxygen to the by the Vendian Fauna
the formation of the world oceans atmosphere c. Formation of the
e. Life emerged in this “hostile” d. Life forms still limited to protective Ozone Layer
environment prokaryotes until 2.7 Ga when
Eukaryotes emerged.
Phanerozoic Eon Paleozoic Era Mesozoic Era Cenozoic Era (
a. Eon of “visible d. Age of “Ancient Life” a. Age of Reptiles a. Age of Mammals
life” e. Rapid diversification of life as b. Dominance of reptiles and b. Radiation of modern
b. Diversification of represented by the Cambrian dinosaurs birds
life. Many life forms Fauna c. Pangea starts to break-apart by c. Early Primates
represented in the f. Dominance of marine d. Early mammals d. Continents near
fossil record invertebrates e. First birds present-day positions
c. Life forms with g. Plants and animals colonize f. First flowering plants e. First hominids
preservable hard land g. Mass Extinction at the end of the f. Modern humans
parts h. Oxygen level in the Atmosphere Cretaceous g. Global ice ages begin
approaches present day
concentration
i. Massive Extinction at the end
(End of Permian Extinction)
RELATIVE DATING ABSOLUTE DATING
What more/ What I have learned
qualitative quantitative
Sedimentary Metamorphic/ Igneous
Specific General
Fast Slow Convergent – two plates moves towards each
Order of formation Order of formation other will produce anticline, then eventually
Age identifier Age identifier become a stratified rock.
Divergent – two plates moves opposite to
What is it each other will produce syncline, then
eventually become a stratified rock.
Lesson 2 Transform- two plates that slides together
can cause earthquake, then later on produce
Weathering – The bigger rocks break into smaller pieces by means a volcanic activity that will erupt a new set of
What I have learned
of physical, chemical, biological and chemical weathering. layer.
Erosion – The sediments will be moved by wind or water in lower
What’s More
parts of the area.
Deposition - The sediments will settle on one particular area.
Compaction – The sediments will continuously pressurize by the
weight of other rocks at the top most layer that makes it lose its
1. The soil hardens from time to time
porosity.
and creates different layers.
Cementation – The sediments will be glue by different minerals
2. The two agents that affect the
from the water and it will produce different layer of rocks.
process are heat and pressure.
3. The layers of rock forming
What is it What’s New
Sea Floor Spreading Continental Drift Theory Plate Tectonic 1. B 6. A 11. B
Rift Pangaea Transform 2. C 7. C 12. A
Ocean ridges Asia Convergent 3. D 8. B 13. C
Molten magma Boundary Divergent 4. B 9. C 14. A
Division of landmass 5. C 10. A 15. B
What is in What I know
Lesson 1
Answer Key
Additional Activities’

Geologic Time Scale

4% 1%
7% 17%

Hadean
Archean
Proterozoic
Paleozoic Era
Mesozoic Era
29%
42% Cenozoic Era

23
References

CHEd Philippines. Teaching Guide for Senior High School

EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE. 2016

St. Mary Science. Forming Sedimentary Rocks. Year 8 Sedimentary Rock Video. February
25, 2017 retrieved on https://youtu.be/SuNfbEDMOQs at July 30, 2020

Dinglasan, Rj. How layers of rocks (stratified rocks) are formed. September 16, 2018
retrieved on https://youtu.be/0 8el0H1tR0 at July 30, 2020

IDAHO MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY. Geological Time Chart retrieved on

http://google.imnh.iri.isu.edu at July 31, 2020

24
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph