Earth and Life Science

Quarter 2 – Module 2:
Natural Hazards
Earth and Life Science - Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 2: Natural Hazards
First Edition, 2020

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SENIOR HS MODULE DEVELOPMENT TEAM

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Earth and Life Science
Quarter 2 – Module 2:
Natural Hazards
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Earth and Life Science – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode
(ADM) Module on Natural Hazards!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or
facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum
while overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also
aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into
consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and
assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

1
For the learner:

Welcome to the Earth and Life Science – Grade 11 Alternative Delivery Mode
(ADM) Module on Natural Hazards!

Our country, the Philippines has a high susceptibility to natural hazards

which are attributed to the nation’s geographic position in Southeast Asia. Some of
the natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides
affect the country and it will be unending cause of hazards to people and their
structures.

This ADM focuses on the various hazards that may happen in the event of
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides. We all know that these processes
pose several hazards to our natural and built environment. Identifying these
hazards may help us plan to lessen the impact of these hazards in the near future.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

What I Know
check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

This is a brief drill or review to help you link

What’s In
the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New
introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

2
 This section provides a brief discussion of
What is It
the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

What’s More
practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

This includes questions or blank

What I Have Learned
sentence/paragraph to be filled into process
what you learned from the lesson.

This section provides an activity which will

What I Can Do
help you transfer your new knowledge or
skill into real life situations or concerns.

This is a task which aims to evaluate your

Assessment
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

In this portion, another activity will be given

Additional Activities
to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

This contains answers to all activities in the

Answer Key
module.

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At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.

If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

4
 What I Need to Know

This module is written to help the student to understand the endogenic

processes that occur within the Earth. At the end of this module, student is
expected to learn the following competencies:
1. The learners will be able to describe the various hazards that may happen
in the event of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides (S11/12ES-
If-30)

1.3 Describe and explain the hazards associated with earthquakes

1. 2 Give examples of possible geologic hazards associated with

earthquakes

1.3 Construct a campaign material that contain information on the

potential danger of earthquake hazards within your area.

2. The learners will able to identify areas prone to hazards brought about by
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and landslides (S11/12ES-If-31)

3. The learners shall be able to identify human activities that speed up or

trigger landslides (S11/12ES-If-33)

3.1 Identify and understand how certain human activities can hasten the
occurrence of landslides.

3.2 Find possible and practical solutions on how to lessen these

identified human activities to lessen or prevent the occurrence of
landslides.

3.3 Design an information campaign to inform locals how they contribute

to the occurrence of landslides in their area.

4. Use hazard maps, to identify areas prone to hazards brought about by

tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, or ipo-ipo S11/12ES-Ig-36
4.1. Define tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, or ipo-ipo

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 4.2. Identify the various hazards that may happen for each natural
phenomenon.
4.3. Explain the various hazards for each natural phenomenon.

5. Describe how coastal processes result in coastal erosion, submersion,

and saltwater intrusion (S11/12ES-Ih-38)

6. Cite ways to prevent or mitigate the impact of land development, waste

disposal, and construction of structures on coastal processes (S11/12ES-Ii-
41)

6.1. Recognize the coastal processes that influence the coastal

landforms and associated hazards;

6.2. Illustrate and describe how the coastal processes determine the
present coastal hazards whether coastal erosion, submersion or
saltwater intrusion;

6.3. Identify and appraise their chosen area within the community for
possible coastal hazards; and

6.4. Design a field activity of a chosen coastal area to assess or

monitor the present condition of the area.

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 What I Know

Geologic hazard is an extreme natural event in the crust of the earth

that pose a threat to life and property, for example, earthquakes, volcanic
eruptions, tsunamis (tidal waves) and landslides. Let’s see what you already
know about these hazards. Let’s enjoy doing this activity!

Instruction: Complete the statement below by choosing the right word on

the box.

Rocks hydrometeorological earth Soil

storm surges mudslides thunderstorms
tropical cyclones landslides tornadoes

1. __________ occur when masses of 2.__________, 3._________, 4._________or

move down a slope. Debris flows, also known as 5. ________, are a common
type of fast-moving. On the other hand, 6. _________ hazards consist of
7. ________ (also acknowledged as typhoons and hurricanes), 8. _________,
hailstorms, 9. __________, blizzards, heavy snowfall, avalanches,
10. __________, floods which include flash floods, drought, heat waves and
cold spells. Hydrometeorological conditions also can be a component in
other as hazards such as landslides, wildfires, locust plagues, epidemics,
and volcanic eruptions.

Instructions: Answer the following questions as many as you can using the
map below.
Give 5 most common human activities that
will trigger and hasten the occurrence of
landslides.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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 What’s In

In the previous module, it talks about Earth’s History. And as we continue our
lesson, this module focusses on the different hazards caused by geological
processes such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and landslides. But before that,
let’s have a quick recap about the lesson tackled by the previous module.

Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. How old is the Earth in years?

a. 4 600 years
b. 46 000 years
c. 4 600 000 years
d. 46 000 000 years
e. 4 600 000 000 years
2. What were the first organisms to live on the Earth?
a. Dinosaurs
b. Bacteria
c. Sea pens
d. Shell fish
e. Angiosperms
3. Plants and animals started to live on the land when there was enough ozone
in the atmosphere to stop ultra violet radiation.
a. True
b. False
4. What did the earliest mammals look like?
a. Bacteria
b. Shrews
c. Primates
d. Dinosaurs
e. Whales
5. Which is the correct order of evolution?
a. Dinosaurs > birds > fish > amphibians
b. Amphibians > fish > birds > dinosaurs
c. Fish > amphibians > dinosaurs > birds
d. Birds > fish > amphibians > dinosaurs
e. Mammals > fish > birds > dinosaurs

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 Notes to the Teacher
This module prepares students to be ready in natural disaster.

What’s New

Make a little investigation in your community; identify the different natural hazard
that is occurring in your town and what happen before, during and after the
disaster.

NATURAL HAZARDS BEFORE DURING AFTER

1.

2.

3.

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Lesson
Geologic Processes and Hazards
3

What is It

Geologic hazards phenomena can occur suddenly, or slowly. Sudden

phenomena include:

EARTHQUAKES - LIQUEFACTION (SOILS), TSUNAMIS

VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS - LAVA FLOWS, ASH FALL, LAHARS

LANDSLIDES - ROCK FALLS OR SLIDES, DEBRIS FLOWS, MUD

FLOWS

Geologic hazards can play a significant role when infrastructure is

constructed in their presence. The unpredictable nature of natural geologic
hazards makes identifying, evaluating, and mitigating against them a unique
challenge.

“Landslides are aggravated by human activities”. The following are the

list of most common human activities that will trigger and hasten the
occurrence of landslides.

Removal of vegetation
Interference with, or changes to the natural drainage
Leaking pipes such as water and sewer
Modification of slopes by construction of roads, railways,
buildings, subdivisions
Overloading slopes
Mining and quarrying activities
Vibration from heavy traffic, blasting during road
constructions of nearby mining activities
Excavation of rocks

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 About 80% of Bataan is mountainous or hilly with Mount Mariveles

and Mount Natib dominating the interior. It is good to know that Province of

Bataan is not included in the top 10 earthquake prone area in the

Philippines. The provinces of Zambales and Pampanga form common

boundaries to the north. Take note of the neighbor province of Bataan,

which is Pampanga, that is included in the earthquake prone are in the

Philippines. Even though the province is not considered as prone area when

it comes to earthquake, geographically it is prone to landslide since Bataan

is mountainous.

When it comes to the distribution of active volcano in the country, the

small, but voluminous Mariveles stratovolcano is located at the southern

end of the Bataan Peninsula, on the west side of Manila Bay, Luzon Island,

Philippines. It is known as Balon Anito.

Although there are no known eruptions in historic times, it is a still

active stratovolcano of andesitic composition. It has a 4-km-wide caldera

open to the south. Mount Samat can be found in the District of Pilar on the

north and Mount Limay in Limay District on the east are 2 large, young

flank cones.

Bataan peninsula is located southwards from the western shores of

central Luzon, forming the enclosed and well-sheltered Manila Bay to the

east that is nearly cut off from the open China Sea in the west. That is why

many Barangay in Bataan are coastal areas. But still, the province is not

prone to tsunami since there is a narrow outlet separates the peninsula from

Corregidor Island and Cavite to the south.

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 What’s More

Instructions: Complete the concept map on the Geological Processes and Hazards
in the Philippine setting using metacards.

Landslides Debris avalanche

Creep Lahar
Settlement Bombs and ballistic projectiles
Ground rupture Ash fall
Liquefaction Tsunami
Landslides Volcanic gases
Fault creep Volcanic earthquakes
Lateral spread Geologic Hazards
Tsunami Earthquake
Lava flow Mass Movement
Debris flow Volcanic Eruption
Pyroclastic flow

Geologic Processes and Hazards

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Lesson Natural Hazards, Mitigation and
Adaptation: Hydrometeorological
4 Phenomena

What is It

The natural phenomenon and various hazards;

Tropical cyclones – out at sea purpose large waves, heavy rain, flood and high

winds, disrupting international shipping and, at times, causing shipwrecks.

Tropical cyclones stir up water, leaving a cool wake at the back of them, which

motives the place to be less favourable for subsequent tropical cyclones.

Monsoons – is historically a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by using way of

corresponding modifications in precipitation, on the other hand is now used to

describe seasonal modifications in atmospheric circulation and precipitation

related with the uneven heating of land and sea.

Floods – fertilized through annual inundations". Inundation, alluvion, deluge.

Geological phenomenon - a natural phenomenon involving the structure or

composition of the earth.

Tornado - a violent destructive whirling wind accompanied by a funnel-shaped

cloud that progress in a narrow path over the land.

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Storm surge & storm tide - Storm surge and giant waves produced through

hurricanes pose the greatest hazard to existence and property along the coast.

Storm Surge is an bizarre upward shove of water generated by way of a storm's

winds. Storm surge can attain heights well over 20 feet and can span lots of miles

of coastline.

Storm Tide is the water level upward shove all through a storm due to the

aggregate of storm surge and the astronomical tide.

The destructive strength of storm surge and giant battering waves can result in loss

of life, structures destroyed, beach and dune erosion and road and bridge harm

along the coast. Storm surge can tour various miles inland. In estuaries and

bayous, salt water intrusion endangers public health and the environment.

Heavy rainfall & inland flooding - Tropical cyclones often produce widespread,

torrential rains in greater of 6 inches, which may additionally also stop result in

deadly and risky floods. In fact, flooding is the crucial hazard from tropical cyclones

for human beings living inland. Flash flooding, described as a fast upward thrust in

water levels, can appear rapidly due to extreme rainfall. Longer time duration

flooding on rivers and streams can persist for several days after the storm. When

drawing shut water on a roadway, continuously take into account “Turn Around

Don't Drown”.

High Winds - Tropical storm- force winds are sturdy sufficient to be unstable to

these caught in them. For this reason, emergency managers layout on having their

evacuations entire and their personnel sheltered earlier than the onset of tropical

storm-force winds, now not hurricane-force winds.

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Hurricane‐force winds, seventy four mph or more, can wreck constructions and cell

homes. Debris, such as signs, roofing material, siding and small devices left out of

doorways give a boost to be flying missiles for the duration of hurricanes. Winds

can continue to be above storm electrical strength well inland. In 2004, Hurricane

Charley made landfall at Punta Gorda on the southwest Florida coast and

produced predominant injury nicely inland for the duration of central Florida with

gusts of greater than one hundred mph.

Rip currents - The robust winds of a tropical cyclone can purpose unsafe waves

that pose a considerable hazard to mariners and coastal residents and visitors.

When the waves ruin alongside the coast, they can produce lethal rip currents -

even at large distances from the storm.

Rip currents are channelled currents of water flowing away from shore, commonly

extending previous the line of breaking waves, that can pull even the strongest

swimmers away from shore.

Tornadoes - Hurricanes and tropical storms can also produce tornadoes. These

tornadoes most often occur in thunderstorms embedded in rain bands well away

from the centre of the hurricane; however, they can also occur near the eye wall.

Usually, tornadoes produced by tropical cyclones are relatively weak and short-

lived, but they still pose a significant threat.

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 What’s More

Cite at least five (5) phenomena/events, hazards and appropriate precautionary

measures for each phenomenon/event.

Phenomena/ Events Hazards Precautionary Measures

1

16
Lesson Natural Hazards, Mitigation and

5 Adaptation: Marine and Coastal

Processes and their Effects

What is It

Ideas of coastal processes (waves, tides, sea-level changes, crustal movement, and
storm surges)

Marine coastal processes:

- waves, tides, sea level changes, crustal movement and storm surges that results
to coastal erosion, submersion and saltwater intrusion.

A. Coastal Erosion
- is wearing down the coastlines by the movement of wind and water.
- it is not a constant process; instead the rate of erosion depends on other events
such as cyclones.

* Shorelines
- plays an important role to prevent coastal erosion.

Three (3) Classification of shoreline:

1. Hard stabilization – is done by building structures that will slow down the
erosion on areas that are prone to erosion.

2. Soft stabilization – includes the process of beach nourishment

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3. Retreat – is the option taken by the residents near areas where coastal erosion is
already severe.

B. Submersion
- happens because of the changes in the sea level, specifically, when it rises
dangerously above the normal level.
- it will most likely occur in reclaimed lands, these areas are originally belonging to
oceans, riverbeds or lakes.
- most of the lands that are affected are the low-lands.

C. Saltwater intrusion
- It is the movement of saltwater into the fresh aquifer
- It happens between the Fresh water and saltwater boundaries.
- Most of the fresh water boundaries that are available to the locale, the intrusion
of the salt water into the fresh aquifer is dangerous (not as dangerous as disaster
but the risk of having no freshwater available in the locale) because the fresh water
withdraws very fast and replaced by the saltwater due to the differences in
pressure.

Impacts of urban and rural development

The essential hazard to the health, abundance and range of fish is the
destruction of their habitat.

Rural, metropolis and industrial development in estuarine areas has

impacted mangrove, sea grass, saltmarsh and coastal lagoon communities via land
clearance, agriculture, dredging, reclamation and waterfront development. Some
communities, such as the sea grass Posidonia australis (strap weed), are of
particular difficulty due to the truth they do not easily recolonize an area.

In freshwater environments, enhancement has precipitated fish populations

to decline by means of the removing of vegetation from river banks, wetlands and
floodplains, increased sediment, vitamins and air pollution into streams, and the
removal of natural have in mind and snags from rivers.

Many fish want to journey a lengthy way to survive, break out predators and
competitors, and breed and rear in unique waters. Many are stopped from
migrating through barriers, such as dams, weirs, floodgates and road crossings.

Things to do that damage aquatic vegetation, block channels and

waterways, and disturb the balance between sediment and water flows in rivers
and estuaries all make contributions to the destruction of fish habitat.

There are matters on the other hand that we can do to defend and
rehabilitate fish habitat.

Stormwater and run-off

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 Water coming into waterways overland or from drains can be a substantial
trouble for the health of aquatic habitats.

Problems can arise from massive inflows of water, such as occurs when it
floods, or from components in the water, or both. Run-off can lift supplies with it
that do now not belong in watercourses. For example, topsoil, chemicals, rubbish,
vitamins and oil and grease off roads. At times, this polluted water will motive an
algal bloom, or a fish kill.

The accelerated extent and speed of water coming into watercourses in the
path of a flood is moreover a problem. This enlarge has come about due to the fact
of large land clearing at some stage in most catchments and, in particular in
increased urbanised areas, the increase of the land surface below difficult surfaces.
More water runs off quicker from a car park than a enjoying region and tons less
then again runs off from a forest.

Vegetation serves to sluggish the go with the waft of water and enlarge its
infiltration into soil and groundwater storages. This allows the water to waft greater
in many instances into watercourses over a longer length of time.

Sedimentation

Unsealed roads are sizeable source of run-off and sedimentation. Overland

flow, the place the compaction of the capacity of the avenue or different surface to
take in water is reduced, is some other aspect that contributes to improved
sedimentation. Water varieties channels and contains its load of sediment into the
waterway.

Increased sediments in the waterway can lead to:

- dirty water due to elevated amounts of suspended sediments

- limited light penetration
- excessive sediment deposition
- smothering of aquatic habitats (eg riffle zones)
- increased amounts of poisonous materials getting into the meals chain.

Pesticide pollution

What are pesticides?

Pesticides are elements that are used to control organisms hazardous to

flora or animals. They can encompass chemical materials that manipulate plants,
insects, fungi, micro-organism and pest animals.

Impact on fish and other organisms

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 Pesticide usage affords a predicament for land managers. Whilst supplying
widespread will enlarge in manufacturing and rate savings, the viable results of
pesticides on the surroundings may also be significant.

Over the preceding 20 years synthetic chemicals and components such as

pesticides are suspected of inflicting about 8% of fish kills. However, fish kills are
not the completely result of exposure to poisonous substances. Fish populations
can show the consequences of publicity through reduced viability of sperm, eggs
and larvae, accelerated incidence of abnormalities and reduced existence
expectancy. Pesticides can additionally motive skeletal defects and growth discount
of fish when eggs are uncovered to certain levels

What’s More

Use the map (or google map if available on their smart phones) and identify the
possible communities prone to coastal erosion, submersion, and saltwater
intrusion and give at least 3 example of activity that will affect the coastal
processes.

1. Land development
2. Waste disposal
3. Construction of
structures on control
coastal processes

20
Upon looking at the Bataan Map, enumerate District or Places within the Province
that is prone to natural hazards such as earthquake, volcanic eruption and
landslide and typhoon. You will be graded according to the Rubrics below.

EXCEEDS MEETS NEEDS

NOT VISIBLE
EXPECTATIONS EXPECTATIONS IMPROVEMENT
6pts
10pts 8pts 7pts

Activity completed on
Activity completed on
time; demonstrate
time; demonstrate Activity Did not complete
excellent level of
acceptable completed on the activity and did
understanding of the
understanding of the time; not answer the
topic in presenting the
topic in answering the questions
answers;
question;

21
 What I Can Do

Observe you community. Write your own observations for each

of human activities.
1. Which of the following list of human activities are applicable
to your communities?
2. Are there other human activities which you think can also
hasten natural hazard?
3. What would be the ways to minimize the natural hazard?

EXCEEDS MEETS NEEDS

NOT VISIBLE
EXPECTATIONS EXPECTATIONS IMPROVEMENT
6pts
10pts 8pts 7pts

Activity completed on
time; demonstrate Activity completed on
excellent level of time; demonstrate Activity Did not complete
understanding of the acceptable completed on the activity and
topic in presenting the understanding of the time; did not answer the
answers; topic in answering the questions
question;

22
 Assessment

Make a poster containing information on the potential danger of natural hazards

within your area. Make sure that if will be uploaded in your Social Media as way
of dissemination the information or campaign. You will be graded according to
the Rubrics below.

5 4 3 2 1

Content Content is Content is Content is Content is Content is

accurate and accurate but accurate but either inaccurate.
Poster contains
all required some required some questionable Informatio
appropriate
information is information is required or n is
items and
presented in a missing information incomplete. incomplete
information
logical order. and/or not is missing Information ,
(information is
presented in a and/or not is not inaccurate,
appropriate to
logical order presented in presented in or not
assigned topic).
but is still a logical a logical presented
generally easy order, order, in a logical
to follow. making it making it order,
difficult to difficult to making it
follow. follow. difficult to
follow.
Presentation Presentation Presentation Presentation Presentation Presentatio
is neat, clean, is mostly neat flows well. is n has no
Poster is clean,
well- and clean. Some tools unorganized. flow.
neat, and
organized and Information is are used to Tools are not Insufficient
creative. The
presented in a organized in a show used in a informatio
information is
creative way. logical acceptable relevant n and
well organized,
manner and understandin manner. lacking
interesting, Presentation
shows some g. Lacking some of
accurate, and is colorful and
degree of some of the the
reflects an creative. Each
creativity. members’ member’s
understanding of Information is member’s
The overall information/ informatio
the topic. interesting information
presentation and or n.
and accurate. is
is interesting. information
represented
is not
and identified
identified
with their
name.

Pictures,Clip Images, Images, Most images Images are No images

Art and Artwork pictures, clip pictures, and and/or inappropriat or artwork
art and drawn clip art and artwork is e and included.
Images, pictures,
artwork are drawn artwork are colorful artwork
clip art and
colorful, and are mostly and shows little,

23
 drawn artwork appropriate to colorful and appropriate. if any,
are colorful and the topic. appropriate. The layout creativity.
appropriate to Layout Layout may shows little The layout is
the assigned show some creativity messy,
flows well,
topic. The degree of and/or is not
shows disorganized
layout flows well creativity but organized
creativity, and or cluttered.
and shows is not logically or
is pleasing to
creativity. The organized cluttered.
the eye.
overall result is logically
pleasing to the and/or is
eye. cluttered.

Overall The poster The poster

Presentation fulfills all fulfills all but
requirements one of the
The poster
of the requirements
fulfills all
assignment of the
requirements of
and assignment
the assignment
represents the and shows
and shows the
student’s full that the
student’s full
potential. student put
potential.
forth an
honest effort
to complete
the
assignment.

24
 Additional Activities

Come up with an information board or placard or poster (that can be

post later in your Social Media Accounts) containing the following
information: a. What are landslides

b. What may cause or trigger landslides

c. How human activities can hasten the occurrence of landslides

EXCEEDS MEETS NEEDS

NOT VISIBLE
EXPECTATIONS EXPECTATIONS IMPROVEMENT
6pts
10pts 8pts 7pts

Activity completed on Activity completed on

time; demonstrate time; demonstrate
Activity completed Did not complete
excellent level of acceptable
on time; presents 1 the activity and
understanding of the understanding of the
answer that is not did not answer
topic in presenting the topic in answering
presented well any of the
answers; presents 3 the question; and
questions
answer correctly presents 2 answer
correctly

25
 26
What’s More B
PHENOMENA/ EVENTS HAZARDS PRECAUTIONARY MEASURES
TROPICAL CYCLONE HIGH AND STRONG WINDS Ensure that house can
withstand heavy rain and
strong winds.
THUNDERSTORM LIGHTNING AND THUNDER Learn more about your areas
severe thunderstorm risk
FLOODS DROWNING Know the flood warning system
in your locality.
TORNADO LOST OF HOME Inspect pre-designated areas to
ensure the best protection.
STORM SURGE DROWNING Stay off the beach when
weather disturbance exists.
•VOLCANIC GASSES
PROJECTILES
•BOMBS AND BALLISTIC
•LAHAR •FAULT CREEP
•MASS MOVEMENTS •PYROCLASTIC FLOW •LIQUEFACTION
•LATERAL SPREAD •DEBRIS FLOW •TSUNAMI
•CREEP •LAVA FLOW •GROUNDRUPTURE
ERUPTION
4. LANDSLIDES 3. VOLCANIC 2. EARTHQUAKE
1. GEOLOGIC HAZARDS
What’s In:
1. E
2. B
What I Know: A Answers may vary 3. A
4. C
11. Removal of vegetation 5. C
12. Interference with, or changes to the natural What I Know: A
drainage
13. Leaking pipes such as water and sewer 1. Landslide
14. Modification of slopes by construction of roads, 2. Rock
railways, buildings, subdivisions 3. Earth
15. Overloading slope 4. Soil
16. Mining and quarrying activities 5. Mudslide
17. Vibration from heavy traffic, blasting during 6. Hydrometeorological
road constructions of nearby mining activities 7. Tropical cyclone
18. Excavation of rocks 8. Thunderstorm
9. Storm surge
19. 10. Tornadoes
Answer Key
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Assessment:
Easy
1. mid-oceanic ridges, hot spots, and subduction zones
2. Volatiles help break the chemical bond in rocks, and at the same time, lower the melting
temperature of rocks.
Difficult
3. Decompression melting is occurred by reducing the pressure at a constant temperature.
4. Rising magma from the mantle brings heat with it which can melt the surrounding rocks
at the shallower depths.
What I have Learned:
 Earthquakes
 Volcanic Eruptions
 Tsunami
 Landslides
 Subsidence Floods
 Droughts
References
Geologic Hazards: Volcanoes, Earthquakes, Tsunamis and More. (2005–2020).
Geology.Com. https://geology.com/geologic-hazards/

Dela Cruz, A. C. et al. (2016) Earth and Life Science Teaching Guide. Commission
on Higher Education.

IslandsWeb Online Services. (n.d.). IslandsWeb Online Services. Retrieved

August 4, 2020, from https://www.islandsproperties.com/places/bataan.htm

Pfeiffer. (2004). VolcanoDiscovery. VolcanoDiscovery.

https://www.volcanodiscovery.com/mariveles.html

Mangali, G. et al (2016). Earth and Life Science Diwa Publications Makati City.

Earth and Life Science by Maria Noemi M. Moncada, Ed. D.,Llb, Educational
Resources Corporation, 2016

Disaster Readiness and Risk Reduction by Villamor S. Quebral, Ed.D., Lori Mar
Publishing

DepEd (2016). K to 12 Curriculum Guide. Earth and Life Science

28
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Region III,

Schools Division of Bataan - Curriculum Implementation Division
Learning Resources Management and Development Section (LRMDS)

Provincial Capitol Compound, Balanga City, Bataan

Telefax: (047) 237-2102

Email Address: bataan@deped.gov.ph

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