PTS 13.01.

01
POWER QUALITY June 2016
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No Term Definition

5 Harmonics Frequency components that are integer

multiples of the fundamental line frequency.

6 PCC Point of a power supply network where the

plant power system is interconnected with the
grid. This point is mutually agreed between the
interconnected parties and is usually also the
synchronizing point between the two systems.

7 Power Quality, Characteristics of the electric current, voltage

(614-01-01, IEC 60050) and frequency at a given point in an electric
power system, evaluated against a set of
reference technical parameters.

8 Voltage Deviation, Difference between the supply voltage at a

(614-01-14, IEC 60050) given instant and the declared supply or
nominal voltage.

9 Voltage Dip, Sudden voltage reduction at a point in an

(614-01-08, IEC 60050) electrical power system, followed by voltage
recovery after a short time interval, from a few
periods of the sinusoidal wave of the voltage to
a few seconds.

10 Voltage Surge, Transient voltage wave applied to a line or

(614-03-24, IEC 60050) equipment characterized by a rapid increase
followed generally by a slower non-oscillatory
decrease of the voltage.
Table 1: Specific Definition of Terms

1.2.3 Specific Abbreviations

No Abbreviation Description

1 ATS Automatic Transfer System

2 AVR Automatic Voltage Regulator

3 EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility

4 ENMC Electrical Network Monitoring and Control

system
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No Abbreviation Description

5 FAT Factory Acceptance Test

6 MCC Motor Control Center

7 OLTC On-Load Tap Changer

8 PCC Point of Common Coupling

9 PMS Power Monitoring System

10 PQ Power Quality

11 UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply

12 VFD Variable Frequency Drive

13 VSD Variable Speed Drive

Table 2: Specific Abbreviations

1.3 SUMMARY OF CHANGES

This PTS 13.01.01 (June 2016) replaces PTS 13.01.01 (May 2013).
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2.0 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

The electrical system shall be design to achieve acceptable power quality suitable for
addressed the following operations:-

i. Continuous process operations driven by electric motors where a short voltage

dip can cause motors to drop out thus interrupting the process.

ii. Multi-stage batch operations where an interruption during one process can
destroy the value of previous operations or result in off-spec products.
The design shall cater for the effects of poor quality as summarized in the following table:-

Impact / Effects of poor power quality

Type Typical Cause Impact/Effects

Voltage dip Faults in the system, switching of
large loads e.g. motor starting.
Opening of motor contactors and
control relays, VSD trip, ATS transfer
(undervoltage relays activated),
motor stalling, generator trip
(undervoltage relays), loss of
synchronism.

Voltage swell Switching transients, lightning, Over-fluxing of transformers,

voltage dip/fault recovery, loss of insulation failure, generator trip
large loads

Voltage Asymmetric loads, unequal Loss of motor full load torque,

unbalance system impedances overheating of rotor/stator and
bearing damage. De-rating of
cables, transformers

Under- System overload due to loss of Load shedding, power swing to the
frequency generation capacity (trip) grid, power blackout
System

Over- Loss of large loads, system faults Generator trip, power swing from
frequency the grid

Poor power Large inductive load, lack or loss Low power factor penalty, de-rating
factor of power factor control. of equipment

Harmonics, Non-linear loads, generator pitch Overheating of equipment (e.g.

resonance windings, failure of harmonics
filters, lack of detuning of PF
correction capacitors
transformers, motors, cables),
overloading of neutral, mal
operation of control systems, data
network congestion, nuisance
tripping of protective devices, over-
stressing of power factor correction
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Impact / Effects of poor power quality

capacitors, saturation of CT,
telecommunication interference,
flickering screens or lights

Electro- Lightning, high voltage switching, Mal-operation or trip of equipment

magnetic non-EMC compliant equipment, or protective devices
interference lack of shielding, bonding and
earthing
Table 3: Impact/ Effects of poor quality
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3.0 VOLTAGE DEVIATIONS

3.1 VOLTAGE DEVIATIONS DURING NORMAL OPERATIONS

3.1.1 During normal operation of a plant, the steady state voltage at the main intake bus, generator
terminals and consumer terminals should not deviate by more than +/- 5% from nominal or
rated value. Notwithstanding the above, the limits set by the Public Utility on voltage
deviations caused by consumers at the PCC shall be adhered to.

3.1.2 Where the plant is connected to the utility grid, the interconnection transformer shall have
an on-load tap changer which is normally on automatic control. Where the plant has an ENMC
or PMS to control the interchange of reactive power with the grid, the OLTC control shall be
integrated with the power interchange control and local voltage control.

3.2 VOLTAGE DIP DURING MOTOR STARTING

3.2.1 Any voltage deviation of more than 10% below nominal voltage for duration of 10 ms to 60
seconds is considered a voltage dip. During motor starting, the voltage dip should not be more
than -15% at the switchboard to which the motor is connected or more than +10% / -20% at
motor terminals. Duration of such voltage dips may range from one second to several
seconds. A motor starting study shall be performed during the Engineering stage of a project
to confirm that these deviation limits are not exceeded. Where the study show that the
deviation limits will be exceeded, measures (to be approved by the Owner) shall be taken to
overcome the excessive voltage drop. The dynamic characteristics of the motor and the driven
equipment shall be modeled in the study. Starters to reduce starting current should only be
used if direct-on-line (DOL) start of motors will cause voltage dips exceeding the limits set
above.

3.3 VOLTAGE DIP CAUSED BY NETWORK FAULTS

3.3.1 The severity of a voltage dip depends on the magnitude of the dip as well as the duration.
Voltage dips caused by network fault typically last less than one second depending on the time
taken by protection to clear the fault. The magnitude of the dip can be as much as 100% i.e.
0V at the point of fault, neglecting any fault impedance. The voltage dip experienced by other
parts of the network differs according to network topology. The severity of the dip can cause
plant interruptions e.g. motors to drop out or ATS to operate

3.4 AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SYSTEM

3.4.1 Auto transfer systems (ATS) are usually implemented using under-voltage schemes. ATS
under-voltage settings shall be coordinated with voltage dip statistics to minimize
unnecessary ATS operation. ATS systems are inherently break-before-make systems which can
cause momentary voltage loss to downstream equipment. As a minimum, the following is
required for ATS systems:-

i. ATS schemes at different voltage levels shall be coordinated such that those for
higher voltages switchboards (upstream) shall operate first thus preventing the
lower voltages switchboards (downstream) ATS from operating.