The Problem and Its Background: Sto. Niño de Praga Academy of La Paz Homes II Inc

Sto. Niño De Praga Academy of La Paz Homes II Inc.
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La Paz Homes II/Karlaville Parkhomes Trece Martires City
Chapter 1
The Problem and Its Background
Introduction
“Health is much more dependent on our habits and nutrition than on medicine.”
(John Lubbock, 2014). This means that health is much more important than on
medicine because good nutrition can lead into healthy lifestyle. Combined with
physical activity, diet can help, reach and maintain a healthy weight, reduces the risk
of chronic disease and promote the overall health. This also means that every
activity that has been taken every day may improve the immune system of the
individual that causes diseases and infections to lessen absenteeism.
In other country, more than 6.5 million children in the United States,
approximately 13% of all students, miss 15 or more days of school each year. The
rates of chronic absenteeism vary between states, communities, and schools, with
significant disparities based on income, race, and ethnicity. Chronic school
absenteeism, starting as early as preschool and kindergarten, puts students at risk
for poor school performance and school dropout, which in turn, put them at risk for
unhealthy behaviors as adolescents and young adults as well as poor long-term
health outcomes. Pediatricians and their colleagues caring for children in the
medical setting have opportunities at the individual patient and/or family, practice,
and population levels to promote school attendance and reduce chronic

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absenteeism and resulting health disparities. Although this policy statement is
primarily focused on absenteeism related to students’ physical and mental health,
pediatricians may play a role in addressing absenteeism attributable to a wide range
of factors through individual interactions with patients and their parents and through
community, state, and federal-level advocacy.
In the Philippines, based on 2014 data from the Commission on Higher
Education (CHED), out of 100 Grade one pupils, only 66 finish Grade Six. Only 58 of
the 66 go on to enroll in first-year high school and only 43 finish high school. Of the
43 who finished high school, only 23 enroll in college and only 14 of the 23
graduates from college. Fortunately, the drop-out rates among high school students
in the country have been significantly reduced, according to the Department of
Education (DepEd). Secretary Armin Luistro attributed the decrease in drop-out
rates to the department’s Dropout Reduction Program (DORP), which provides
alternative delivery programs to keep students in school and finish basic education.
The author is ADAS II
In Sto. Niño De Praga Academy of La Paz Homes ll, Inc. absences was
recorded in the guidance office and in the school registers of advisers and the
reasons why they are absent were also recorded. With the used of data record of the
student’s attendance in the guidance office and school register, the researcher
wants to know what the reason of the students could be why they are absent. There
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could be so many causes, but the researcher wants to focus only on the health
reasons.
Therefore, the purpose and reason of the researcher is to know the health
reason of absenteeism in Pre-school to Elementary level of Sto. Niño De Praga
Academy of La Paz Homes ll, Inc.

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Statement of the problem
The main objective of this study is to know and to evaluate the health reason of
absenteeism in Kindergarten to Elementary level of Sto. Niño De Praga Academy of
La Paz Homes ll, Inc.
Specifically, this study attempted to answer the following questions:
1. What is the Demographic profile of the respondents according to:
1.1 age;
1.2 gender;
1.3 grade/Level?
2. What level recorded the most number of student’s absenteeism in school for the
month of July to December?
3. What are the common health reasons of absenteeism of the students in the
school?
4. What action plan can be recommended to lessen the student’s absenteeism in
school?
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Conceptual framework
“Above all we have to go beyond words and images and concepts. No
imaginative vision or conceptual framework is adequate to the great reality.” (Bede
Griffiths, 2014)
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The student body is the greatest contributor to the success or the ground falling
of the school. An individual who have habitually made absences in class may have
lost the chance of learning. He or she might have less chances of getting an aimed
position. The school who plays an important role to a child’s motivation has known
the impact of absenteeism to a student and to the school performance it’s self.
(Jayan Galban, 2014).
The figure above shows the systematic flow of the study about the Health
Reason of Absenteeism in SNDPA-LPH. Based on their demographic profile and to
their answers on the survey questionnaires.
First, the input (I) described the conceptual framework of the study wherein the
input is consisting of the following demographic profile of the respondents such as:
Age, Gender and Grade/Level. The researcher used the respondents as a reference
to get an expected result. This is where all the ideas and the information from the
respondents obtained and form a good result.
Second, the process (P) shows the gathered information where the process
being used is through self – made questionnaire which has two parts: the first part is
the demographic profile and the second part is the questions about level recoded of
student absenteeism from the month of July to December in Sto. Niño De Praga
Academy of La Paz Homes II, Inc.

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Third, the output (O) shows the results from the data gathered. The researcher
will evaluate the common health reasons of absenteeism to obtain the most common
health reason
And lastly, the feedback is a part of a research which the panels will raise some
questions to criticize the research work and make use of it for the near future.
Scope and limitation of the study
This research focused only on the health reasons of absenteeism in
Kindergarten to Elementary level of Sto. Niño De Praga Academy of La Paz Homes
ll, Inc. located in Trece Martires City. Cavite.
This research used the data of the student’s attendance on the guidance office,
school registers record of the advisers and the survey to questions given by the
researcher to the parents stating the reasons of their children committing absences
on the stated dates. Other reasons not related to health were not stated by the
researcher.
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Significance of the study
The findings of this study will benefit to the following.
Administrators. The result on this study will benefit the administrators in
identifying the main or specific causes of the absenteeism of the students and to
make some steps to lessen the absenteeism.
Parents. The parents can have insights or might able to help and encourage
their children lessen or prevent the absenteeism.
Researcher. This study will help the researcher to know about health reason of
absenteeism and on how can be lessen or prevent the absenteeism of the students
of Sto. Niño De Praga Academy of La Paz Homes II, Inc.
School. The findings of this study might give an insight to the school to conduct
series of activities to promote good health and proper hygiene to avoid absenteeism
through the use of this research work.
School Physician. This study will also benefit the school physician to enable to
assist the student for their health issue.
Students. This study might help the other students to educate themselves
about health reason of absenteeism.

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Teachers. The result of this study will benefit the teachers to educate their
students on health reasons of absenteeism. This will guide them for their daily
monitoring of the attendance of their pupils.
Definition of terms
For a better understanding of this study, relevant terms were used in the study
to define both conceptually and operationally.
School. This word refers to the educational facility were the research study is
conducted.
Students. This word refers to the children who are enrolled for academic year
2018 – 2019 in Sto. Niño De Praga Academy of La Paz Homes II, Inc.
Absenteeism. This word signifies the physical absences of the students in the
classes.
Health. This refers to physical, mental and social well-being of the students in
Sto. Niño De Praga Academy of La Paz Homes II, Inc.
Immune system. On this study the word refers to the wealth that protects the
body and mind from the infections and diseases of the students.
Mental health. This word refers to the health behavior of the students.
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Physical health. This refers to the health were appear in the part of the body
the students.
School register. This word refers to the book record of students attendance in
Sto. Niño De Praga Academy of La Paz Homes ll, Inc. where absences recoreded.
Teachers. This word refers to the person who currently teaching in Sto. Niño
De Praga Academy of La Paz Homes ll, Inc.

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Chapter 2
Review of Related Literature
This chapter contains the conceptual literature and the research literature that
provide necessary background knowledge about the focus of the study.
Conceptual Literature
Related concepts and topics are related to the study. The information and
ideas are gathered from the books, journals, magazines, periodicals and on-line
sources. In this study the researcher included the following as the sub-topics for the
study: (a). Absenteeism, (b). Causes of absenteeism (c). Health reasons of
Absenteeism, (d). Effect of Absenteeism ways of preventing absenteeism.
A. Absenteeism
The habitual act of not attending class of students in school is called

absenteeism. It can be simply defined as a failure to appear, especially for work or
any other duty. The students who are not coming in the schools, colleges and
universities regularly and not attending the classes are considered absent. Some
students though they come in universities but they are not attending the classes are
also considered as absent.
B. Health reasons of being absent
Research indicates that common health conditions resulting in missed school

that include asthma, influenza, diabetes, obesity and related illness, seizure
Disorders, mental health and anxiety and vision problems. This pattern may
be either exacerbated or ameliorated by a variety of factors in the school
environment. There are some health reasons of absenteeism.
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Figure 2. Asthma
Asthma - Asthma is a leading cause of school absenteeism, accounting for about 14
million absences each school year, or one-third of all school days missed. Schools
can intervene and implement an asthma management program in order to support
an asthma-friendly community for its students. In addition to that program, showing
students how to use their asthma medication can also empower children to better
manage their asthma independently.

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Figure 3. Oral Health
Oral Health - Children ages 5-17 miss nearly two million school days in a
single year due to dental health problems. Best practices for oral health can be
learned outside of the dental office. Community-based oral health programs that
target dental sealants, preventative services and restorative services could greatly
reduce school absenteeism. Preventative services make it easier to manage dental
issues before they become a larger health problem, and cause greater negative
effects. Teledentistry, bringing portable pop-up clinics to the community, is one way
to address dental issues and relieve the lifelong burden they place on young
children.
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Figure 4. Behavioral Health
Behavioral Health - Behavioral interventions are important because students’
behavior affects the social and learning environment of every student. It’s important
for schools to assess and monitor the school’s culture in order for students to
achieve academic success. Up to 20 percent of children experience a behavioral
health disorder in a given year. Yet only 25 percent of children in need of behavioral
health care get the help they need—and students of color are less likely to have
access to health services. Finding out which positive behavioral interventions work
best is a part of preventing absenteeism, as well as maintaining a stable
environment.
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Figure 5. Violence and Trauma
Violence and Trauma - Twenty percent of children witnessed violence in
their family or in the neighborhood during the previous year. In addition, 16.6 percent
of children experience physical abuse, 9.3 percent experience sexual abuse and 7.1
percent experience emotional/psychological abuse. Violence and trauma can affect
children’s ability and willingness to attend school. As is mentioned earlier, only 25
percent of children in need of behavioral health services get the help they need,
which has significant implications for children impacted by violence and trauma.
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Figure 6. Acute Illness
Acute Illness - When it comes to acute illness, prevention is one of the best
practices to engage in. Although acute illness is short lived, through diet, exercise
and other preventative practices, acute illness could be reduced significantly. Many
of the other areas previously mentioned can help reduce acute illness through their
implementation. Roughly 40 percent of school-aged children missed three or more
days of school in the past year due to acute illness. Schools can promote influenza
vaccines, hand washing best practices programs and can research ways to make
their schools more environmentally friendly.

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C. Effects of absenteeism
School - Attending school regularly is a vital factor in school success for
both students and teachers. School absenteeism is often linked to poor school
academic achievement, so the school attendance by both teachers and students
plays an integral role in the success and educational advancement levels of any
academic institution and all the students enrolled.

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Research Literature
Related studies conducted are presented in this chapter to better
understanding of the information and provide highlights regarding the study. The
review includes foreign studies and local studies that have similarity to the study.
In the year 2017 by Gurbuz Ocak, Ijlal Ocak and Emine A. Baysal
conducted research word entitled “The Causes of Absenteeism of High School
Students” The purpose of this study is to find out the causes of high school
students’ absenteeism. Survey method was used. The population was comprised
of 531 students in the public high schools. The data was collected with "The Scale
of Absenteeism Causes" developed by the researchers. Cronbach Alpha was
calculated as α=0.936. Findings show the causes of students' absenteeism aren't
related to school, students themselves and their parent, however; student
absenteeism causes partly from psychological reasons. Male students have more
absenteeism than female students in terms of the causes of absenteeism sourced
by school, students and psychological. Moreover; 9th, 10th and 11th grade
students' absenteeism has bigger values than 12th grade students.
Turkey’s education system is mostly based upon the assumption that
students should be in class every weekday. In other words, the public education
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system is based on the assumption that students should regularly attend school.
Compulsory education laws back up this assumption in Turkey. The assumption
that except for illness or the occasional doctor’s appointment, family vacation,
special event or crisis, students do in fact attend school every day is so strong, that
it is generally not measured.
Bill Carlson, Assistant Principal, Middle School Learning and the other
research work was prepared by the National Collaborative on Education and
Health In the year March 2015 Brief. The research is entitled “The effects of
absenteeism builds from day to day and chronic absenteeism and school
health.” Chronic absenteeism or missing 10 percent or more of school days for
any reason, excused or unexcused is a proven early warning sign of academic risk
and school dropout. While the causes of chronic absenteeism are multifold,
research shows that student health issues are a leading contributor. These health
issues include physical, mental, behavioral, vision, dental, social and emotional
health issues in addition to issues connected to a child’s surrounding environment
such as violence, housing insecurity and food insecurity. As a result, ensuring that
students are able to attend school in healthy school environments is a critical
strategy for addressing chronic absenteeism. A healthy school environment means
students have regular access to school health services, mental health services,
healthy school food, physical education and activity, healthy school buildings and a
supportive school climate.

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The research study is conducted by Joel C. Obrador entitled “Absenteeism
regarding the determinants and effects to the students’ individual learning.”
(December, 2014). Attending school regularly is a vital factor in school success for
both students and teachers. Excessive school absenteeism is often linked to poor
school academic achievement, so school attendance by both teachers and
students plays an integral role in the success and educational advancement levels
of any academic institution and all students enrolled. Successful schools cannot
survive without physically present students. According to the “Excessive Absences
Intervention” research study by Author Linda L. Williams, excessive absenteeism
by students may result in unlearned course material from fewer hours of
instruction, and a disruption of class instruction for teachers who have to
administer remediation for the absent student when he returns to school.
Excessive absenteeism by students may additionally result in poor academic
achievement because students are not receiving instruction on a consecutive
basis.
In the year 2016 Astrid Schmulian conducted a research work entitled
“Class Absenteeism: Reasons for Non‐attendance and the Effect on
Academic Performance” Other business education literature, particularly in
the field of economics, has developed theories in respect of the reasons for
non‐attendance of lectures and the positive correlation between class
attendance and academic performance. The aim of this paper is to determine
the generalizability of these theories to a large accounting class in South Africa.

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The reasons given for the non‐attendance of lectures generally
correspond with those previously reported. Certain differences that are
identified are likely a result of specific country or economic factors. This study
found a significant positive correlation between class attendance and academic
performance; however, the correlation is low and not very meaningful. Further
analysis reveals some difference between language groups suggesting that
culture and ethnicity may have an effect on the relationship between class
attendance and academic performance.
Zeki Pehlivan conducted a research work entitle “Absenteeism at state
high schools and related school management policies in Turkey” in the year
2014. The problem of the present study: What is the opinion of administrators,
students, counseling teachers and course teachers in public schools about the
reasons for student absenteeism and the applications and policies of the school
administration regarding absenteeism? The survey was given to a total of 568
participants selected by “stratified sampling method” from 28 schools, and 35
students with high rate of absenteeism selected from the same schools were also
interviewed. The school staff believes the students and their families to be the
factors causing the absenteeism problem, the students regard educational factors
to be the main reason for absenteeism problem.

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Synthesis
In the conceptual literature, based on the related studies gathered by the
researcher, results had provided data of different factors why student committed
habitual absences in school. One factor that contributed to the poor attendance of
students in school concerns the health conditions of student. The information was
gathered through the books, magazines, journals, other periodicals and online
sources.
In the research literature, past studies shows that this health reasons had
affected and gave negative impact to the life of student especially in their attendance
to school. In addition, unattended class led the students to poor school
achievements and performance. These studies also gave details to the important
role of parents, teachers and schools to the health of students. Each of them has
responsibilities to play on how student can maintain a good health and avoid
absenteeism. The insights of some researchers were discussed. This literature gave
support and helped to the present study of the researcher.
This related topics and articles helped a lot in the researcher's study.
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CHAPTER 3
Methodology
This chapter presents the researcher methodology that was used in the study
it contains the following sections: (a). Method of research (b). Population and
sampling (c). Respondents (d). Research instrument (e). Data gathering procedure
(f). Data analysis.
Method of Research
Quantitative methods emphasize objective measurements and the statistical,
mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected through polls, questionnaires,
and surveys, or by manipulating pre-existing statistical data using computational
techniques.
Population and Sampling
The researcher conducted this study in Sto. Niño De Praga Academy of La
Paz Homes II, Inc (SNDPA-LPH). It includes the following grade levels: Kinder 1 and
Kinder 2, Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3, Grade 4, Grade 5 and Grade 6 who have
absences from July to December.

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Respondents of the Study
This study involved the parents of the students from kinder up to Grade Six
level who have absences from the month of July to December in Sto. Niño De Praga
Academy of La Paz Homes ll. Inc La Paz Homes ll, Inc. (SNDPA-LPH).
Table 1. Population and Respondents of the study for each level.

Year/level No. of Projected Actual
Populations Respondents Respondents Percentage
Kinder 1 32 32 16 15.69%
Kinder 2 23 9 6 5.88%
Grade 1 39 39 17 16.67%
Grade 2 37 30 9 8.82%
Grade 3 40 32 15 14.71%
Grade 4 45 35 19 18.63%
Grade 5 40 29 16 15.69%
Grade 6 27 20 4 3.92%
Total 283 226 102 100%
Research Instrument
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The data and the information gathered in the study is through the use of
guidance office attendance record, school register of the adviser and the survey
form answered by the parents of the students who has health reasons of absences
from July to December. The researcher used self-made questionnaire focused on
the Health Reason of Absenteeism in Kindergarten to Grade six levels in Sto. Niño
De Praga Academy of La Paz Homes ll. Inc (SNDPA-LPH).
The concept of the questionnaire: has two parts; the first part includes the
demographic profile of the respondents. The second part of the questionnaire is the
survey form about the number of students absent and the common health reason of
absenteeism in school.
Validation of Instrument
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The instrument used was validated by the experts along the line of this study as
recommended by the school.
The said instrument was validated by Dr. Wilma U. Galicia, the school
administrator of Sto. Niño De Praga Academy of La Paz Homes II, Inc. in Trece
Martires City Cavite, and Ms. Marian Rotairo, the school guidance counselor.
All corrections, suggestion, and revision were incorporated. These were used
as basis of the researcher for improving the instrument for the final version of the
questionnaire.
Data Gathering Procedure

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To obtain the necessary data required and information needed for the study,
there are several steps were taken.
First, the researcher borrowed the school register of the advisers from Kinder 1
to Grade 6 level and he recorded the number of student who was absent from the
month of July to December.
Second, the researcher gave the survey form to the advisers of Kinder 1 to
Grade 6 level and the teachers distributed the form to the parents. The parents of
students who has absences answered the survey form and returned it to the
advisers.
Third, the researcher consolidated all the returned survey form and he
gathered all the data he needed for the study.
And lastly, the researcher tallied the data from the survey form, he gets the
frequency and percentage and he ranked the collected data.
Statistical Treatment of the Data

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Statistical Treatment of Data was essential to the researcher in order to
determine the validity and reliability of his research instruments. Also, this was used
as the bases for making inferences, interpretations, conclusions and generalizations.
The following statistical tools and procedures were used to analyze and
interpret the data gathered. These tools were used to answer the problems of the
study.
Frequency Count. This statistical tool was used to determine the quantity of
responses made by the respondents to the different questions. This statistical
treatment was used in problem 1 and 2.
Ranking. This statistical tool was used to determine the statement that has
the highest and lowest tally. This statistical treatment was used in problem 2 and 3.
Percentage. This was applied to establish a comparative value of an item to
the whole activity particularly in relation to the profile of the respondents. This
statistical treatment was used in problem 1, 2 and 3.
Tabulation. This is an arrangement of data in a table or other summary
format of information gathered. Counting the number of response through a question
and separate those into a frequency categories and character symbol will used to
represent for group or responses. The results were combined of frequency table
displaying one variable in rows and another variable in column. This allows the
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inspection and comparison of differences among group. This statistical treatment
was used in problem 1, 2, 3 and 4.
Tallying. This statistical tool was used to determine the current score or
amount of the respondent’s absences. This statistical tool was used in getting the
number of the student absents. This statistical treatment was used in problem 1, 2
and 3.
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CHAPTER 4
Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of the data gathered
from the respondents to gear towards answering the research problems. They are
presented in tables in order to give a clear picture of the data gathered through the
survey questionnaires. The orders of presentation of the data follow the sequence of
the problems of the study.
Problem 1. What is the demographic profile of respondents according to:
1.1 age;
1.2 gender;
1.3 grade/Level?
The demographic profile of the respondents according to Age, Gender and
Grade/level were presented in Table 2, 3, and 4. Each table shows the frequency
and the corresponding percentage to illustrate the statistically relevance to the
interpretation.
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1.1 Age
Table 2. Demographic Profile of the respondents according to Age.
Age Frequency Percentage Frequency Percentage
10 – 12 years old 27 26.47%
7 – 9 years old 42 41.18%
4 - 6 years old 33 32.35%
Total 102 100%
Table 2 evaluates the Demographic Profile of the respondents according to
age. It proves that the highest frequency in the age were 42 or 41.18 percent
between 7 to 9 years of old. The second is 33 or 32.35 percent between the ages of
4 to 6 years old. And the lowest frequency is from 10 to 12 years old having a
frequency of 27 or 26.47 percent.
The result shows between the ages 7 to 9 years old has more number of
populations of students who has health reasons of absenteeism from the
1.2 Gender
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Table 3. Demographic Profile of the respondents according to Gender.
Gender Frequency Percentage
Male 49 48.04%
Female 53 51.96%
Total 102 100%
Table 3 manifests the demographic profile of the respondents according to
gender. The table shows the frequency and percentage count of the respondent’s
gender. The female respondents have a frequency of 53 or 51.96 percent while
there are only 49 male respondents with a percentage of 48.04%.
This illustrates that there are more female population than male who
answered with health reasons of absenteeism from the month of July to
December.
1.3 Level
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Table 4. Demographic Profile of the respondents according to level.

Grade Level Number of Respondents Percentage
Kinder 1 16 15.69%
Kinder 2 6 5.88%
Grade 1 17 16.67%
Grade 2 9 8.82%
Grade 3 15 14.71%
Grade 4 19 18.63%
Grade 5 16 15.69%
Grade 6 4 3.92%
Total Respondents 102 100%
Table 4 shows the demographic profile of the respondents according to level.
It shows that the highest frequency of respondents is from Grade 4 level who have
19 respondents or 18.63 percent and the second is from grade 1 who have 17
respondents or 16.67 percent and the third is from Kinder 1 and grade 5 who have
16 respondents or 15.69 percent and the fourth is from grade 3 who have 15
respondents or 14.71 percent and the fifth is from grade 2 who have 9 respondents
or 8.82 percent and the sixth is from Kinder 2 who have 6 respondents or 5.88
percent and lastly is from grade 6 who have 4 respondents or 3.92 percent.
The result shows that Grade 4 level has the highest population of
respondents who answered with health reasons of absenteeism from the
Problem 2. What level recorded the most number of student absenteeism in

school for the month of July to December?
Table 5. The level recorded the most number of student absenteeism in school for
the month of July to December.
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Year/level July August Sept Oct Nov Dec

Kinder 1 5 6 5 2 6 7
Kinder 2 2 0 2 0 2 3
Grade 1 7 3 3 3 6 4
Grade 2 2 2 1 3 4 3
Grade 3 6 0 3 2 3 5
Grade 4 5 2 8 3 6 8
Grade 5 1 4 5 1 2 6
Grade 6 0 3 1 0 1 3
Total 28 20 28 14 30 39
The table 5 illustrates the level recorded the most number of students in school
for the month of July to December. The most number recorded from the month of
July is from the Grade 1 level with 7 respondents, from the month of August is from
the kinder 1 level with 6 respondents, there are 8 respondents from the month of
September from the Grade 4 level, from the month of October the level recorded the
most are from the Grade 1, Grade 2, and Grade 4 level with 3 respondents, for the
month of November with 6 respondents are from the Kinder 1, Grade 1, and Grade 4
level, and lastly with the record of 8 respondents is from the Grade 4 level for the
month of December.
The table shows that the most level recorded number of students is from
the month of December.
Table 6. The total level recorded the most number of student absenteeism in school
for the month of July to December.
Actual
Year/level
Respondents Percentage Ranking
Kinder 1 16 15.69% 4
Kinder 2 6 5.88% 7
Grade 1 17 16.67% 2
Grade 2 9 8.82% 6
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Grade 3 15 14.71% 5
Grade 4 19 18.63% 1
Grade 5 16 15.69% 4
Grade 6 4 3.92% 8
Total 102 100%
The table 6 evaluates the level recorded the most number of student
absenteeism in kindergarten to grade 6 level for the month of July to December. It
shows that the highest actual respondents is from the grade 4 level with a frequency
of 19 or 18.63 percent rank 1, the second actual respondents that got rank 2 is from
Grade 1 level with a frequency of 17 or 16.67 percent, for rank 4 that has a
frequency of 16 or 15.69 percent is from the Kinder 1 and Grade 5 level, the Grade 3
has frequency of 15 or 14.71 percent that got rank 5 in the total actual respondents,
the grade 2 level has a frequency of 9 or 8.82 percent with a rank of 6, for the kinder
2 level that got rank 7 has a frequency of 6 or 5.88 percent, and lastly rank 8 with a
frequency of 4 or 3.92 percent is from the Grade 6 level.
The results show that the Grade 4 level has the most recorded number
of student absenteeism in school for the month of July to December.
Problem 3. What are the common health reasons of absenteeism of the
students in the school?
In order to obtain the reason of the students, the researcher gave a
questionnaire to the respondents asking them about their own reason why they are
absent on the given month.

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The researcher uses tally, frequency and percentage to get the common
reason of absenteeism in the Kindergarten to Grade 6 level in Sto. Niño De Praga
Academy of La Paz Homes ll Inc.
Table 7. Common Health Reason of Absenteeism from July to December

Health July August September October Novembe Dec Total
reason r
Fever 7 10 9 2 10 13 51
Flu 6 3 4 5 4 6 28
Chickenpox 0 1 2 3 3 0 9
Toothache 0 1 1 1 1 1 5
Asthma 1 1 2 0 1 0 5
Stomachache 1 0 2 0 0 1 4
Headache 1 1 1 0 0 0 3
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Pneumonia 2 0 0 0 0 0 2
Diarrhea 1 0 0 1 0 0 2
Cough 0 1 0 0 0 0 1
Total 19 18 21 12 19 21 110
The table 7 evaluates the common health reason of absenteeism in
Kindergarten to Grade 6 level from the month of July to December that corresponds
to the tally of the students gathered from the data.
Based on the table above, there is 7 students who have fever, 6 students who
have flu, two students has Pneumonia and one student for asthma, stomachache,
headache and diarrhea for the month of July. There are 10 students who have fever
and 3 students who have flu, 1 student who has chickenpox, asthma, toothache,
headache and cough for the month of August. While there are 9 students who have
fever and 4 students who have flu, 2 students who has chickenpox, asthma and
stomachache and one student for headache and toothache for the month of
September. For the month of October there are 5 students who has flu, 3 students
has chickenpox, 2 students has fever and only 1 student who has toothache and
Diarrhea. There are 10 students who have fever, 4 students who have flu, 3 students
who have chickenpox and only 1 student for toothache and asthma for the month of
November. And lastly, for the month of December, there are 13 students who have
fever, 6 students who have flu and only 1 student who has toothache and
stomachache.
47
The result shows that fever has the highest number of students, next is
flu and followed by chickenpox. This means that fever; flu and chickenpox are
the most common health reason of absenteeism in kindergarten to grade 6
levels from the month of July to December.
Table 8. Total Common Health Reason of Absenteeism from July to December

Health reason Frequency Percentage Ranking
Fever 51 46.36 1
Flu 28 25.45 2
Chickenpox 9 8.18 3
Toothache 5 4.55 4.5
Asthma 5 4.55 4.5
Stomachache 4 3.64 6
48
Headache 3 2.73 7
Pneumonia 2 1.82 8.5
Diarrhea 2 1.82 8.5
Cough 1 0.91 10
Total 110 100%
The table 8 illustrates the common reason of absenteeism in the kindergarten
to grade 6 level in Sto. Niño De Praga Academy of La Paz Homes ll Inc. for the
month of July to December. The result shows that there are 10 common reasons
obtained in the survey questionnaire which are the fever, flu, chickenpox, toothache,
asthma, stomachache, headache, pneumonia, diarrhea and cough. The fever with a
frequency of 51 or 46.36 percent got the rank 1, flu with 28 frequencies or 25.45
percent got the rank 2, chickenpox with 9 frequencies or 8.18 percent for rank 3,
toothache and asthma with a frequency of 5 or 4.55 percent for rank 4.5,
stomachache with a frequency of 4 or 3.64 percent for rank 6, headache that has a
total of 3 or 2.73 percent for rank 7, pneumonia and diarrhea with a frequency of 2 or
1.82 percent for rank 8.5, and cough with a frequency of 1 or 0.91percent for rank 10
with a total 110 or 100 percent.
The table above shows that fever has the highest percentage, next is flu
and followed by the chickenpox. This means that fever, flu and chicken pox is
the most common health reason of absenteeism in Kinder to Grade 6 level for
the month of July to December.

49
Table 9. Non health reason of absenteeism from the month of July to December.
Non
Septembe
health/othe July August October November December Total
r
r reason
9 2 7 2 11 18 49
The table 9 manifests the non health or other reason of absenteeism in
kindergarten to grade 6 level from the month of July to December in Sto. Niño De
Praga Academy of La Paz Homes ll Inc.

50
From the table above shows that there are 9 students for the month of
July, 2 students for the month of August and October, 7 students for the
month of September, 11 students for the November and 18 students for the
month of December who responded to the survey questionnaire that has other
or no health reasons. Some of the reasons that the respondents answered are
birthday celebration with 2 frequencies, family reunion or family gathering
with 4 frequencies, family vacation or out of country with 3 frequencies and in
death of family member with has 5 frequencies.
Problem 4. What action plan can be recommended to lessen the student’s

absenteeism in school?
Table 10. Recommended action plan to lessen the students absenteeism in

school from the month of July to December.
Objective: To help the Administrators of Sto. Niño De Praga Academy of La

Paz Homes II Inc. to Lessen the Absenteeism from Kindergarten to Elementary
Praganians
Raven’s Action Plan

51
ACTION PLAN OBJECTIVES INVOLVED

1. Conduct a seminar about -to inform the students and the Administrators
Health, Hygiene and wellness parents about taking good care of Faculty and Staff
to the student and parents. their child’s health, and give Guidance Counselor
additional knowledge about proper School Physician
hygiene and proper diet. Canteen Personnel
Students
Parents
2. Promote the thought of - To remind the students that the Administrators
Health is Wealth by posting message in the poster should Faculty and Staff
signage and posters. always remember and never forget. Guidance Counselor
School Physician
Canteen Personnel
Students
3. Simultaneous brushing of - To enlighten the mind of the Students
teeth for academic year students the significance of
2019-2020. brushing teeth every day.
4. Simultaneous washing of - To develop education system to Students
hands for academic year improve knowledge about hand
2019-2020. washing and infection control.
5. Encourage or provide the - To inculcate in the mind of Students
student to have their own student the importance and
sanitizers. benefits of using and having
personal kit like sanitizers
6. Encourage the parent of - To help the parents monitor the Administrators

student to have their regular health status of their child. School Physician
check-up and vaccines. -To promote the idea of prevention Parents
is better than cure.
CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter includes the summary, findings, conclusion and recommendation
of the study.
Summary
52
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the health reason of absenteeism in
Kindergarten to Elementary level of Sto. Niño De Praga Academy of La Paz Homes
ll, Inc.
The following specific problems were answered in this research:
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents according to?
1.1 age;
1.2 gender;
1.3 grade/Level?
2. What level recorded the most number of student absenteeism in school for
the month of July to December?
3. What are the common health reasons of absenteeism of the students in the
school?
4. What action plan can be recommended to lessen the student’s absenteeism
in school?
Findings
Based on the data gathered by the researcher, the following findings were
presented:
1. Demographic profile of the respondents
a. Age
53
 There were 42 respondents or 41.18 percent between the ages of 7 to 9
years old. There were 33 respondents or 32.35 percent obtain between
the ages of 4 to 6 years old and lastly from 10 to 12 years old that has
27 respondents or 26.47 percent according to age.
b. Gender
 There were 53 respondents or 51.96 percent with a highest frequency
from female and from male has 49 respondents or 48.04 percent that
manifest with a lowest frequency according to gender.
c. Grade/Level
 There were 19 numbers of respondents or 18.63 percent obtain from
Grade 4 level that has proved to be the highest frequency from
grade/level. There were 17 respondents or 16.67 percent from grade 1
level. From Kinder 1 and Grade 5 that has 16 respondents or 15.69
percent that gained. There were 15 respondents or 14.71 percent from
grade 3 students. From the grade 2 level that acquired 9 respondents or
8.82 percent. And 6 respondents or 3.92 percent attained from Kinder 2
and also from the grade 6 level that has 4 respondents or 3.92 percent
that obtain.
2. the most level recorded number of student absenteeism in school for the month
of July to December.
54
 July. The Grade 1 has the most level recorded from this month with 7
absences.
 August. The most level recorded in this month is from the kinder 1 level
that has 6 absences.
 September. The level with 8 absences for this month is from the Grade 4
level.
 October. The most level recorded with 3 absences is from the Grade 1
level, Grade 2 level, and Grade 4 level.
 November. The Kinder 1 level, Grade 1 level, and Grade 4 level has the
most level recorded of student absenteeism with an absence of 6.
 December. The most level recorded for this month is from the Grade 4
level that has a number of 8 absences.
3. The common health reasons of absenteeism in kindergarten to grade 6 level in
the school.
a. Fever with the highest frequency of 51 or 46.36 percent, was the first
common health reason of kindergarten to grade 6 level from the month of
July to December.
55
b. Flu with the frequency of 28 or 25.45 percent was the second common
health reason of kindergarten to grade 6 levels from the month of July to
December.
c. Chickenpox with the frequency of 9 or 8.18 percent was the third common
health reason of kindergarten to grade 6 levels from the month of July to
December.
4. Action plan to lessen the student’s absenteeism in school.
1. Conduct a seminar about Health, Hygiene and wellness to the student and
parents.
2. Promote the thought of Health is Wealth by posting signage and posters.
3. Simultaneous brushing of teeth.
4. Hand washing.
5. Encourage the student to have their own sanitizers.
6. Encourage the parent of student to have their regular check-up and
vaccines.
Conclusion
In the light of the findings of the conducted study, the following conclusions
were derived.
56
1. There was more number of students between the ages 7 to 9 years old who
responded in the study with health reasons of absenteeism from the month of
July to December.
2. There were more female respondents than the male respondents who
responded in the study with health reason of absenteeism from the month of
July to December.
3. There were more students in Grade 4 level who responded in the study with
health reason of absenteeism from the month of July to December.
4. For the month of July to December, the month of December has the most
recorded number of absentees.
5. Most of the respondents in the school show that fever were the most
common health reason of absenteeism in school.
6. The recommended action plan for the students to lessen absenteeism should
be implemented to observe how it will affect to the health and attendance of
students.
Recommendation
In the view of the findings and conclusion formulated, the following
recommendations are highly recommended by the researcher.

57
1. The children must know the importance of attending class everyday and the
consequences of being absent.
2. The parent should give more attention to the health of their children
especially on the month of December or in season start to change.
3. The parent should value the remaining important days in school before
Christmas break.
4. The recommended action on how the student will lessen absenteeism should
be implemented.
a. Conduct a seminar about Health, Hygiene and wellness to the student
and parents.
b. Promote the thought of Health is Wealth by posting signage and
posters.
c. Simultaneous brushing of teeth.
d. Hand washing.
e. Encourage the student to have their own sanitizers.
f. Encourage the parent of student to have their regular check-up and
vaccines.
REFERENCES
Mharjory Viola 2018 “The Pilot Implementation of Senior High School in Sto. Niño
De Praga Academy of La Paz Homes ll, Inc.”

58
Jamil Remo 2018 “The Effects of Coach Coaching Style in Athletes’ Performance
during the Game in Sto. Niño De Praga Academy of La Paz Homes ll,
Inc.”
Angelo Geronga 2018 “An Evaluation of the Procedural Waste Disposal in Sto.
Niño De Praga Academy of La Paz Homes ll, Inc: Basis for Proposed
Waste Management System”
Johnpol Balazon 2018 “Factors Affecting the Difficulties of the Student in
Mathematics in Sto. Niño De Praga Academy of La Paz Homes ll, Inc.”
Health schools campaign August 29, 2016 “five Health-Related Causes of Chronic
Absenteeism” https://healthyschoolscampaign.org/education/five-health-
related-causes-of-chronic-absenteeism/
Mandy A. Allison, Elliott Attisha, COUNCIL ON SCHOOL HEALTH February, 2019
“The Link Between School Attendance and Good Health”
https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/143/2/e20183648
Gurbuz Ocak, ljlal Ocak and Emine A. Baysal 2017 “THE CAUSES OF
ABSENTEEISM OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS”
file:///C:/Users/matudtud/Downloads/19.THECAUSESOFABSENTEEISM-
EmineA.Baysal.pdf
59
Astrid Schmulian 2016 “Class absenteeism: reasons for non‐attendance and the
effect on academic performance”
https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/10309611111163718
Zeki Pehlivan 2014 “Absenteeism at state high schools and related school
management policies in Turkey”
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042811008032
APPENDIX A
Letter of Request
(For the Administrator)
60
Date: February 4, 2019
DR. WILMA U. GALICIA
School Administrator/Principal
Greetings!
I am currently enrolled in Grade 12 Senior High School for the research
subject in Secondary Education. My research entitled “Health Reasons of
Absenteeism in Kindergarten to Elementary level in Sto. Nino De Praga Academy”
has the objective of knowing and evaluating the reasons of absenteeism in school.
I would like to ask your permission to conduct a survey to the students in
kinder 1 to Grade 6.
Thank you very much and God bless.
Very truly yours,
JOHN RAVEN B. PAROHINOG

Researcher
Approved by
Dr. Wilma U. Galicia
APPENDIX B
Health Reason of Absenteeism

61
Name of child: ______________________________ Gender: ____________

Grade/level: ________________________________ Age: _______________
Dear Parents,
I am currently writing my research entitled “Health Reason of Absenteeism” as
requirement for me to graduate. I am asking your cooperation to answer my survey
questionnaire. You cooperation is much appreciated. Thank you very much.
Researcher
l. Directions: The number of absent of your child every month is indicated below.
Please write the health reason of your child absences during the stated dates.
Month Dates of absences No. of days Health reason
June
July
August
62
September
October
November
December
Other Reason:
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________
_______________________________
Parent’s Signature over Printed Name
APPENDIX C
63
Curriculum Vitae
I. Personal Information
Name: John Raven B. Parohinog
Address: Blk. 30 Lot 62-63 La Paz Homes II Phase 1 Brgy
Cabezas, TreceMartires City, Cavite
Contact Number: 09650618451
Date of Birth: October 23, 2000
Civil Status: Single
Religion: Roman Catholic
Mother’s Name: Mary Jane B. Parohinog
Occupation Housewife
Father’s Name: Louie B. Parohinog
Occupation: Computer Science (ComSci)

64
EDUCATION
2004 ˗ 2006 (Pre-school) Sto. Niño De Praga Academy

Kinder 1 and Kinder 2 Trece Martires City, Cavite
2006 ˗ 2012 (Elementary) Sto. Niño De Praga Academy

Grade 1 to Grade 6 Trece Martires City, Cavite
2012 ˗ 2017 (High School) Sto. Niño De Praga Academy

Grade 7 to Grade 10 Trece Martires City, Cavite
Junior High School
2017 ˗ 2019 (Senior High School) Sto. Niño De Praga Academy

Grade 11 and Grade 12 Trece Martires City, Cavite
TRAINING / WORK EXPERIENCE
 2018 (On the Job Training) ICOOL (Aircon and Refrigeration)

Sto. Niño De Praga Academy (Office)
Sto. Niño De Praga Academy(Maintenance)
TALENT/SKILLS
 Volleyball Player
 Basketball Player
 Dancer
 Choreographer
AWARDS
 Loyalty Award
 Best Supporting Actor
65
 CAT Officer – Platoon Leader

 1st place – Scrabble
 1st place – Poster Making
 1st place – Sungka
APPENDIX D
Documentation
66
From Grade 2 parent answering the researcher’s self made questionnaire
Tallying the data
gathered based on the answers of the respondents.

67
Editing the corrections of the researchers’ study.

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Sto. Niño De Praga Academy of La Paz Homes II Inc.

individual that causes diseases and infections to lessen absenteeism.

significant disparities based on income, race, and ethnicity. Chronic school

absenteeism, starting as early as preschool and kindergarten, puts students at risk

unhealthy behaviors as adolescents and young adults as well as poor long-term

and population levels to promote school attendance and reduce chronic

absenteeism and resulting health disparities. Although this policy statement is

primarily focused on absenteeism related to students’ physical and mental health,

pediatricians may play a role in addressing absenteeism attributable to a wide range

community, state, and federal-level advocacy.

In the Philippines, based on 2014 data from the Commission on Higher

in the country have been significantly reduced, according to the Department of

Education (DepEd). Secretary Armin Luistro attributed the decrease in drop-out

rates to the department’s Dropout Reduction Program (DORP), which provides

The author is ADAS II

reason of absenteeism in Pre-school to Elementary level of Sto. Niño De Praga

Academy of La Paz Homes ll, Inc.

Statement of the problem

absenteeism in Kindergarten to Elementary level of Sto. Niño De Praga Academy of

La Paz Homes ll, Inc.

Specifically, this study attempted to answer the following questions:

1. What is the Demographic profile of the respondents according to:

month of July to December?

4. What action plan can be recommended to lessen the student’s absenteeism in

“Above all we have to go beyond words and images and concepts. No

imaginative vision or conceptual framework is adequate to the great reality.” (Bede

(Jayan Galban, 2014).

Reason of Absenteeism in SNDPA-LPH. Based on their demographic profile and to

their answers on the survey questionnaires.

respondents obtained and form a good result.

Academy of La Paz Homes II, Inc.

Scope and limitation of the study

This research focused only on the health reasons of absenteeism in

Kindergarten to Elementary level of Sto. Niño De Praga Academy of La Paz Homes

ll, Inc. located in Trece Martires City. Cavite.

Significance of the study

The findings of this study will benefit to the following.

Administrators. The result on this study will benefit the administrators in

make some steps to lessen the absenteeism.

their children lessen or prevent the absenteeism.

of Sto. Niño De Praga Academy of La Paz Homes II, Inc.

through the use of this research work.

assist the student for their health issue.

about health reason of absenteeism.

monitoring of the attendance of their pupils.

to define both conceptually and operationally.

Sto. Niño De Praga Academy of La Paz Homes II, Inc.

De Praga Academy of La Paz Homes ll, Inc.

Review of Related Literature

provide necessary background knowledge about the focus of the study.

The habitual act of not attending class of students in school is called

B. Health reasons of being absent

Research indicates that common health conditions resulting in missed school

Asthma - Asthma is a leading cause of school absenteeism, accounting for about 14

can intervene and implement an asthma management program in order to support

an asthma-friendly community for its students. In addition to that program, showing

students how to use their asthma medication can also empower children to better

manage their asthma independently.

Figure 3. Oral Health

target dental sealants, preventative services and restorative services could greatly

reduce school absenteeism. Preventative services make it easier to manage dental

effects. Teledentistry, bringing portable pop-up clinics to the community, is one way