Level of Awareness of Grade 11 Students Towards The Different Disease

Archdiocese of Tuguegarao PACUCOA LEVEL IV ACCREDITED PROGRAMS:
LYCEUM OF APARRI Liberal Arts, Business Administration, Secondary Education

3515 Aparri, Cagayan PACUCOA LEVEL III ACCREDITED PROGRAM
High School, Nursing, Criminology, Computer Science
Telephone: 078-888-2075 Telefax: 078-888-2736 lyceumaparri@yahoo.com
AWARENESS LEVEL OF GRADE 11 STUDENTS

REGARDING TO VARIOUS DISEASE-CAUSING
FACTORS
Practical Research
Grade 12 STEM-Health
Romelyn S. Balatico
Maria Ella Mae D. Batalla
Patricia Mae O. Frayalde
Mara Zeiane G. Ubias
Rizzah Mei Castillo
May 20, 2020

CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Teenage years are the years where teenagers are prone to
temptation which also includes experimentation and risk taking.
These yeas are the years of transition between childhoods to
adulthood. “Health is wealth” says an old adage but some
teenagers don’t really give importance to their health. It became
their least priorities taking care of themselves because they
thought their immune system is strong enough to fight all
diseases and some are still unaware that they are also prone to
different diseases. “Live while we’re young” and “you only live
once” are some phrases that motivate them living their life to
its fullest that leads them to set aside their health as long as
they enjoy. It gives hard times \to some teenagers trying to fit
in with the social pressure that surrounds them. Their urge to
fit in becomes a gateway that leads them in getting ill. Emerging
cognitive possibilities and social experiences are some reasons
that make teens question their adult values resulting to their
urge to experiment with health risk behaviours. Some behaviors
are likely to threaten current health, while other behaviours may
have long-term health consequences. Teenage year will also become
challenging to teens when they are suffering from pregnancy,
substance abuse, violence, suicide, depression, unintentional
injuries, and school failure. Parents are often unaware of what
their children are suffering in which they set a tightrope
between allowing them to have some independence on what and how
they want to be, and in helping them to overcome all the
challenges and difficulties, they face.

According to a study conducted by the World Health
Organization, in a 1.2 billion people around the world, 1 out of
6 is adolescent aged from 10 to 19. Among these adolescents, 1.1
million died in 2016 and mostly from treatable causes. In the
year 2016, road injuries became the leading cause of death in
adolescents. Other major causes also include suicide,
interpersonal violence, HIV/AIDS, and diarrheal diseases. Mental
health problems also contribute a large number of cases that
affects the health of the teenagers. Half of the mental disorders
usually start at the age of 14 and are still undetected and/or
untreated. According to a report, factors such as poor diet, lack
of exercise and risky sexual behavior has a great impact on a
person’s life, in which it usually begins in adolescence that
should be seriously taken into
account.
Researchers have made this study to determine how aware the
students about the different factors that causes diseases that
usually affects their health that results to deaths, mortality,
and morbidity. Hence, it could also help raise their awareness
towards the diseases and its causes that will greatly convince
them taking care of themselves.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The purpose of this study aims to find out the level of awareness
of the Grade 11 students in Lyceum of Aparri about the various
factors that cause diseases that could affect their health and
whole-being. Specifically, it tries to answer the following:
1. Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:
a. Age
b. Sex
c. Strand
2. Level of awareness of the students to the different causes of
diseases according to:
a. Lifestyle factors
b. Environmental factors
c. Infectious risk factors
d. Physiological factors
e. Academic-related factors
3. Level of awareness of the respondents to the negative habits
of students that affect their health.
1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
The importance of knowing the level of awareness of the
student towards the different cause of diseases is important
because their awareness reflects to their attitudes in dealing
with the different types of diseases and in mitigating ways just
to prevent them from getting these certain diseases.
Specifically, the findings of this study would be beneficial to
the following:
Health care Practitioners: They could use the results of this
study to advance the management and awareness of students to the
different medical conditions and its causes, and to improve
health and patient’s care for individuals and society as well.
School administrators: They could use the results of this study
to know the level of awareness of the students that they
supervise about the different factors that causes diseases. It
will serve as a basis for them to develop programs that could
help unaware students to raise their awareness towards the
diseases and its causes.
Teachers: The results of this study will help them determine how
aware and unaware their students are to the different factors
that causes diseases, hence, if most of the students are unaware,
they could make ways in order for them to be aware.
Students: The results of this study will give them knowledge
about the different disease-causing factors that generates
diseases. It will also raise their awareness about their habits
that are also contributors of diseases.
Researchers: It enables them in sharing broader health data while
ensuring and protecting students’ privacy. It also improves their
knowledge and awareness about the different causes of diseases so
they could make ways to distance themselves from these disease-
causing factors.
Future Researchers: This will become a baseline data to those who
would also intend to figure out the level of awareness of
students towards the different causes of diseases, and also the
negative habits of the students that cause them diseases
1.4 SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study focused on the level of awareness of Grade 11
students in Lyceum of Aparri towards the different diseases
causing factors that have the possibility of affecting their
health. In this study, their level of awareness refers to the way
they respond if they are aware or unaware to the different causes
of diseases. This study also includes the different negative
habits of the students that are also contributor of diseases.
This study does not include the different diseases that are faced
by the students; rather it is mainly focused on the different
disease-causing factors. The researchers limited the respondents
to 110, in which the respondents are all Grade 11 students from
the four different strands in Lyceum of Aparri namely Science,
Technology, and Engineering (STEM), Humanities and Social
Sciences (HUMSS), Accounting, Business, Management (ABM), and
Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) major in Home Economics and
Information Technology. The respondents are given online
questionnaire to obtain the accuracy of data collected for the
study. This study provides information and awareness about the
different causes of diseases.

1.5 Conceptual Framework
Different
Disease-
causing
Factors
Negative
Infectious Environmental Academic habits
Lifestyle Physiological
Risk Factors -Related of
Factors Factors
Factors Factors students
Data
Collection
and Analysis
Students’
Awareness to
the different
factors that
causes diseases
1.6 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Adolescence – it is a transition between being a child to being a
teenager.
Awareness - having knowledge or being conscious to a certain
situation or thing.
Lifestyle factors - these are the factors that are usually
associated by how a person behaves which also includes his/her
habits.
Environmental factors - these are the factors that are usually
associated by the external features and the setup or condition of
the environment that a person lives
Infectious risk factors – these are the risk factors that are
associated by certain infectious or pathogenic agents such as
virus, fungus, bacteria, protozoa, or other parasite that are
acquired by a person through internal or external sources.
Physiological factors - these factors are relating to the
physical body of a person.
Academic-related factors - these are the factors that causes
diseases to a person that are indirectly acquired through
academic purposes.
CHAPTER 2
2.1 Review of Related Literature
2.1.1 Lifestyle Factors Foreign
2.1.1.1 Awareness Alone Not Enough to Address Lifestyle Diseases
Indian kids have reasonable knowledge about lifestyle
diseases and their risk factors, but this knowledge does not
translate into preventive action, a new study has revealed.
For instance, adolescent children know that unhealthy food
is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), yet they
indulge in eating junk food and unhealthy snacks.
In spite of better awareness, there is a knowledge-practice
gap among teenagers, the study done among school children in
Kolkata has found. Most of these teenagers (who are aware) showed
poor and unhealthy eating lifestyles like more than three major
meals a day, frequent snacking (more than four times in a day)
and consumption of street food. The trend of poor eating habits
was visible more in older students and those belonging to
affluent families as compared to students from low or middle-
class socio-economic status.
The study, published in journal BMC Public Health recently,
was conducted jointly by hospitals in Kolkata along with Mission

Arogya Health and Information Technology Research Foundation
and the University of California. It was led by Tanmay Mahapatra.
It included over 1,600 ninth grade students in urban Kolkata.
Researchers collected data on knowledge about lifestyle
diseases, physical activity, and eating patterns from these
adolescents. They found that about 20% of the participants
reported a family history of CVDs while a majority had little
information about heart disorders. Boys tended more to be
involved in physical activity (adequate physical activity as one
hour every day) along with those who had better knowledge about
risk factors.
About 82% of the adolescents did not perceive themselves to
be at risk for future CVDs and even those who perceived the risk
showed poor dietary practices. One of the probable explanations
might be that adolescents considered CVDs to be problem of the
aged, and underestimated their own future risks, researchers
said. “Promotion of school-based cardiovascular health programs
might be crucial in dispelling myths and misconceptions with
eventual prevention of early onset atherosclerotic changes in
arterial walls,” the study has suggested.
“Compared to the West, in India, the transition from
predominantly infectious disease to non-communicable diseases has
happened over a rather brief period of time. Solutions require

strategies such as emphasis on prevention, early
detection, treatment using both conventional and innovative
techniques along with effective implementation of evidence-based
policy,” suggested Amjad Husain, professor of life sciences at
Glocal University. He is not connected with the study.
“Healthy eating habits and lifestyle behaviour inculcated at
adolescent age can prevent a lot of diseases like obesity,
hypertension, early onset of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases,
metabolic syndrome, diseases of spine and joints etc.” says Dr.
Vijay Malhotra, President, Delhi Medical Association. He suggests
that relevant information and knowledge about lifestyle diseases
should be made a part of the curriculum in secondary classes as
stated by Malik (2017).
Knowledge practice gap among the teenagers have showed most
of them are aware but when it comes to intrapersonal experiences
or situations, it came out the opposite result. 82% have resulted
for the adolescents that made themselves complacent to be at risk
for CVDs. One of the main reasons is that they think it might be
only a problem for the aged people. Thus, healthy eating habits
can become a positive behavior for lifestyle in preventing such
diseases.
2.1.2 Lifestyle Factors Local
2.1.2.1 Low health literacy level alarming, making Filipinos
‘sicker’
The degree to which an individual has the capacity to
obtain, communicate, process, and understand basic health
information and services to make appropriate health decisions.
In the Philippines, it had failed in health literacy which
caused by many Filipinos to fail to comply with what is needed
and must be done about their health even if there are a lot of
medical and health knowledge as stated by Leachon (2014).
Large numbers of health knowledge and any medical matters
are not enough for the people to make their behaviors veracious
to process their actions.
Health business unit director of a pharmacy chain,
illustrated the low health literacy among Filipinos buying
medicines in his company's outlets. Thirty out of 100 of our
customers who buy medicines in our outlets are actually taking
hypertensive medicines. However, of the 30 patients, 12 of which
will stop taking medication on the second month, and only three
will continue their medication in a year’s time. Customers buying
medications always ask questions which must be properly and
appropriately answered by pharmacists. “Otherwise, the unanswered

questions may lead to a bigger concern, such as self-medication
or total disregard of a potential health risk as stated by Chiong
(2014).
Taking medications without proper consultations may result a
lot of risks and develops misleading proper health care. Poor and
under-informed. Grinding poverty and the accompanying low level
of education among poor Filipinos aggravate the low health
literacy among them, leading further to the dismal health
situation in the Philippines. Citing examples of worrisome health
indicators, the epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) or
“lifestyle diseases,” initially diagnosed among rich Filipinos,
is now startlingly and rapidly killing even their poor
counterparts. The top [NCD] killers are related to lifestyle:
smoking, unhealthy diet, and lack of exercise. The poorer you
are, the more you are affected by lifestyle diseases, with three
out of five Filipinos dying daily because of lifestyle diseases.
Heart attacks, cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder,
and diabetes are among the top NDC killers. The shortage of
medical doctors and other health professionals in rural areas,
coupled with the lack of health infrastructure in the
countryside, intensify the impact of this low health literacy.
The problem of migration of doctors to urban areas, leading to
shortage of doctors in certain areas of the country, produces
inequity as stated by Leachon (2014.

2.1.2.2 Cure is more expensive than prevention
It is also decried the “curative” rather than “preventive”
approach in managing people's health, and urged the introduction
of health literacy awareness among Filipinos at the earliest age
appropriate.
Health care providers must educate Filipinos about health
literacy at a very, very early age. Even as early as their
elementary school education, if possible. People eat unhealthy
food because they are cheap. But in the long run, these eating
habits become more expensive. These cheap, unhealthy foods cause
NCDs. “If you are poor, you have no access to disease prevention
and treatment. If you are poor, you have higher probability of
dying from NCDs. If you are poor, you have higher mortality rate
but you also have limited reserves. Health expenses drive poor
Filipinos to deeper poverty,” Indicated by Leachon (2014).
Early stage of knowledge about health is a must for the
health care providers in the Philippines. The more people eat
cheap foods, the higher it results more expensive because of re-
occurrence of bad habits. Cheap treatments must be prioritized
for prevention of chaotic health development.

2.1.2.3 US Numbers
The Philippines is not the only country having to deal with
the problems caused by low health literacy. In the US, for
example, the National Assessment of Adult Literacy released by
the US Department of Education in 2006 revealed that only 12
percent of American consumers have proficient health literacy
skills, suggesting that nearly nine out of 10 adults may lack
many of the skills necessary to sufficiently manage their health.
Low health literacy can affect a person’s ability to locate
health care providers and services, fill out health forms, share
personal health information with providers, manage chronic
diseases, and engage in self-care. About one-third of US adults
have trouble reading and acting on health-related information and
that even those with higher health literacy skills want health
information that is understandable, meaningful to them, and easy
to use. “Limited health literacy occurs when people cannot find
and use the health information and services they need. Nearly 9
out of 10 adults have difficulty using the everyday health
information that is routinely available in healthcare facilities,
retail outlets, media, and communities,” “Without clear
information and an understanding of the information's importance,
people are more likely to skip necessary medical tests, end up in
the emergency room more often, and have a harder time managing
chronic diseases like diabetes or high blood pressure,” as stated
by CDC (2014).
Philippines is not only the country to experience such
problem about low health literacy. US also experience such
problem, in which it is difficult for them to locate health
services and other health information with providers. Some of
them have difficulty with grasping about health-related
information. Vague information may lead people to skip
appropriate and recommendable medical tests.
2.1.3 Infectious Diseases Factors Foreign
The intervention program, namely, health education, was a
positive factor that affected scores of infectious disease
knowledge and prevention behavior among primary, junior, and high
school students in Gansu, China, further affirming the value of
health education. On the one hand, students in schools are mainly
engaged in learning basic knowledge and applying this knowledge
to examinations, these students lack the initiative and
enthusiasm for learning specialized infectious disease courses.
On the other hand, a majority of primary, junior, and senior high
school students did not take a detailed course on infectious
diseases, resulting in their lack of knowledge in this field.
Relevant studies showed that implementation of health education
for school students was conducive for students to consciously

adopt healthy behaviors and lifestyle, eliminating or mitigating
risk factors that affect spread of infectious diseases,
preventing infectious diseases, and promoting health and
improving quality of life. Therefore, we believe in the
significance of conducting health education on infectious
diseases among primary, junior, and high school students to
further improve their knowledge on prevention of infectious
diseases and their overall health quality.
In terms of knowledge and behavior on major infectious
diseases, both intervention and control groups scored the lowest
on item of infectious disease knowledge and items and of
infectious disease behavior. These items comprised topics that
students mainly lacked awareness of. Results were similar to
those of research by Tuohetamu et al. on influenza awareness of
students. Similarly, relatively low accuracies of knowledge and
behavior items toward infectious diseases were noted in the
intervention group and control group. These results suggest that,
with regard to the low accuracy items, primary, junior, and
senior high school students possess insufficient knowledge of
preventive knowledge and behaviors on infectious diseases. This
observation should also concern researchers and educators.
Similarly, guidance and education on health behavior should be
given to students to improve their knowledge and behavior in
preventing infectious diseases.

Comparison of student scores on knowledge of infectious
diseases showed statistical significance in the aspect of
different home addresses of students; urban students scored
higher than rural students. Therefore, home address is an
important factor that influenced knowledge of student
participants. In general, Chinese urban households attained
higher economic, domestic, and parental education levels than
rural households, and the former featured more educational
advantages than the latter. High levels of economic and
educational status translate to high levels of health knowledge.
In the more favorable urban families, students showed more
opportunities of receiving knowledge on infectious diseases,
resulting in their relatively high knowledge scores on infectious
diseases. This observation is similar to research results of Chen
et al., who analyzed knowledge, behavior, and intervention needs
of primary school students on infectious diseases.
Knowledge scores between the two different counties were
also statistically different. In the sample area, scores of
primary, junior, and senior high school students in Qinzhou were
higher than those in Wushan; and results are similar to those of
previous research by Hu et al. on health literacy of Chinese high
school students. Therefore, educators should emphatically pay
attention to education of counties with low levels of knowledge
on infectious diseases. Simultaneously, higher-scoring areas

should share their health education experiences with schools in
lower-scoring areas to promote common improvement of knowledge on
infectious disease within provincial or national areas as stated
by Wang et. al. (2018).
Insufficient knowledge leads to low accuracy rate on health
education. This should concern the researchers and other
healthcare providers which may result to the increase of possible
infectious diseases. Priority is a must especially to the
countries which have low levels of knowledge with such disease.

2.1.4 Environmental Factors Foreign
2.1.4.1 Environmental Risks Perception – A Study of the awareness
of families to threats in areas with increased health disorders
in children
Children are at greater risk than adults to experience
adverse effects from environmental agents. Significant
neurological damage to children can occur even at very low levels
of exposure. Reliable protection of children living in areas with
high environmental hazards is not possible without their
parent’s’ understanding of where, how and why children’s
exposures occur. The most effective way to prevent children’s
exposure is to teach the community to identify environmental
threats and educate them on how to their protect children. The
appropriate policies and programs should be developed and
implemented as this seems to be the most effective and cheapest
way to prevent children’s exposure to environmental risks as
stated by Dziubanek et. al. (2013).
Implementation of environmental threats and education will
help the students to increase their protection especially to
communities who have high risk of hazards.
2.1.5 Physiological Factors Foreign
2.1.5.1 Common Psychological Factors in Chronic Diseases

The construct of “chronic physical diseases” (CPDs)
encompasses a number of heterogeneous conditions that have
persisting lifelong effects on the quality of life (QoL) and
subjective well-being (Sprangers et al., 2000). According to
epidemiological studies, CPDs are constantly increasing, not only
in Western countries but also in developing/emerging countries,
with certain prevalent differences regarding CPD type (Vos et
al., 2016), raising questions on the multifactorial genesis of
this phenomenon. The role of psychiatric disorders is, for
example, well-known as comorbid conditions able to affect the
course of CPD with a number of sequelae and complications (Daré
et al., 2019).
The most common CPDs (namely, cardiovascular disease, diabetes
mellitus, neoplastic diseases, asthma, arthritis, and
osteoporosis) are often complicated by psychiatric symptoms or
emotional/psychological subjective suffering (Martino G. et al.,
2019; Rosa et al., 2019), a datum that underlines the close
correlation that exists between such conditions. However, the
relationships and the mutual influences between CPD and
psychopathological manifestations are far from established
(Marchini et al., 2018; Miniati et al., 2018; Martino G. et al.,
2019).
Findings on psychological/psychopathological dimensions in
patients with CPD, both from a cross-sectional and from a

lifetime perspective, are available in the literature, with an
emphasis on their impact on cognitive functioning, emotional
processing, exposition to stressful events (SLEs) and
adversities, medical and psychological outcomes, and combined
interventions and therapies (Bernard et al., 2018; McGilton et
al., 2018; Shao et al., 2019). A number of studies have, for
instance, already explored the impact of signs and symptoms
belonging to the realm of psychopathological disorders on the
most common CPDs, with a measure of the subjective perception of
well-being and QoL (Megari, 2013). More specifically,
alexithymia, anxiety, depression, psychological distress, sleep
quality, and emotional dysregulations have been systematically
assessed in patients with fibromyalgia, Type 2 diabetes,
psoriasis, and osteoporosis (Palagini et al., 2016; Catalano et
al., 2018; Martino et al., 2018a,b; Cristina et al., 2019; Kelly
et al., 2019; Marchi et al., 2019; Martino M. L. et al.,
2019; Settineri et al., 2019a,b). This datum represents the
increasing tendency of the scientific community to take an
interest in the aforementioned connection between the
psychological and physical spheres, hypothesizing a positive
correlation between the two, where a higher psychological and QoL
malaise correspond to the increasing severity of the pathology.
In nearly all of the abovementioned conditions, cognitive
functioning and performances were impaired, as enhanced by

studies with cognitive tasks, again raising questions as to the
different weight and role of metabolic dysregulations vs.
comorbid anxiety or depressive disorders in determining the
severity of cognitive dysfunctions (Guicciardi et al., 2019). For
example, emotional processing and depression has been found to
enhance “pain catastrophization,” which could be described as the
cognitive attitude of interpreting the experience of pain in an
excessively negative manner, during upper endoscopy in young,
especially female, patients, when exposed for the first time to
diagnostic procedures and pain therapies (Sullivan et al.,
2001; Lauriola et al., 2019). A number of studies also highlight
the reciprocal influences between psychological and medical
conditions in affecting cognitive performances and emotional
reactions among children and young adults, with
relevant sequelae in adulthood and in the elderly, while other
studies have opened up debate on the interaction of age, gender,
and medical conditions on mental status (see the association
between early childhood SLEs, depression, cognitive functioning,
and lipids' metabolism alterations; Stewart et al.,
2000; Péterfalvi et al., 2019). Other studies demonstrate how an
early diagnosis of a neuropsychiatric condition (such as ADHD)
may change the electrophysiological characteristics and the
overall subjective neuropsychological profile during adulthood
(Angela et al., 2018; Klein et al., 2019), as possibly determined

by the occurrence of manic symptoms and PTSD in young adults
(Dell'Osso et al., 2014) or the emotional suppression or oneiric
perturbation in subjects affected by psychosomatic illnesses
(Settineri et al., 2019a,b).
Overall, these studies demonstrate the importance of a
multidisciplinary approach in treating patients affected by CPD
and both psychological and psychopathological disorders. Both
psychological and physical interventions in patients with CPD
could ameliorate prognosis, considering the described
relationships between psychological factors and CPD, as
identified by studies on the positive impact of a healthy
psychological functioning on CPD (Schiavon et al., 2017; Gentili
et al., 2019). Psycho-educational interventions, mindfulness-
based cognitive therapy, non-invasive brain stimulation
techniques, peer-to-peer supports, and a health-based approach
have been all tested with promising results in patients with CPD
(Castelnuovo et al., 2015; De Jong et al., 2016; Naro et al.,
2016; Callus and Pravettoni, 2018; Conversano et al., 2019).
In conclusion, it could be inferred that the bidirectional
association between CPD and psychopathological factors might lead
to an exacerbation of both conditions, with mechanisms that are
only partially known and described. However, a relevant corpus of
knowledge supports the need for an integrated approach (physical,
psychological, and psychopathological) that takes into account

the subjective experience of the single patient from a lifetime
perspective. As a consequence, it is necessary to consider the
corollary of symptoms that the patient who suffers from a chronic
disorder manifests as a unitary corpus, where it is possible to
intervene both with medical and psychological science to improve
QoL and therefore physical symptoms. In the history of the
patient's illness, the weight of psychological variables plays a
fundamental and non-negligible role when the doctor's interest is
that of treating the patient from a long-term perspective.
The development of therapeutic interventions able to fuse
different perspectives into a tailor-made interdisciplinary
management approach in a single patient and the development of a
quality body of research on the topic are future challenges in
order to improve QoL and the subjective well-being of patients
with CPD and psychopathological signs and symptoms as stated by
Conversano (2019).
2.1.6 Academic Related Factors Foreign
2.1.6.1 The relationship between student health and academic
performance: Implications for school psychologists
Children who are unhealthy are at higher risk for school
problems than students who are free from medical problems.
Students with poor health have a higher probability of school
failure, grade retention, and dropout. The relationship between

student health and academic success is complex. Common manageable
factors of student health are nutrition, maintaining healthy
weight, and physical fitness. Through a comprehensive literature
review the relationships among school achievement and nutrition,
maintaining healthy weight, and physical fitness are examined.
Furthermore, the efficacy of educational programs to improve
nutrition, maintain healthy weight, and increase physical fitness
is evaluated. The complexity of the relationship among variables
is presented and areas for future research and practice for
school psychologists are described. The relationship between
student health and academic competence is increasing in
importance as falling levels of physical fitness and rising rates
of obesity have been observed in school-aged children across
cultures, economic development zones, ethnic groups, and nations.
Moreover, there are a host of evidence-based interventions to
improve nutrition and increase physical activity for all school-
aged children, for those at risk of developing obesity, and those
who currently meet the criteria for obesity. The evidence is
strong that there is a positive proof of concept for
interventions to improve student health for school-aged children.
The next phase is to increase implementation science research to
improve the mechanisms by which these promising programs are
applied in schools and other settings.

There is an assumption that improvement in nutrition and
physical fitness will have a direct and positive influence on
academic performance. Yet, the relationship between physical
fitness and academic performance is a complex one that has
multiple, alternative explanations. Interventions intended to
build academic resilience by focusing on preventing poor student
health and building coping skills for addressing medical concerns
need to consider the potential mediating roles that culture,
stigma, gender, socioeconomic status, and other factors play.
Improving academic competence and building resilience is an
extraordinarily complex under-taking for the field of school
psychology; developing effective techniques for enhancing student
health is a promising and necessary step for improving overall
health and school performance indicated by Shaw et. al. (2015).
2.1.7 Unhealthy habits of students that causes diseases foreign
2.1.7.1 Student lifestyle: how our bad habits affect our health
Typically, university students are known to live an
unhealthy lifestyle. Binge drinking, a lack of sleep and a poor
diet are all factors which contribute to this. Students are
notorious for constantly going out, but this causes many students
to become consistently hungover and fatigued. This ultimately
leads to illness and students being unable to attend lectures due
to sleep deprivation. Students often see energy drinks as a quick

way to cure tiredness, however, these are thought to have a
negative effect on the body as they are high in sugar and have
been linked to liver damage, high blood pressure and increased
heart rate.
Meanwhile, a diet lacking in nutrition and essential
elements can also take its toll on the health of a student. Ready
meals, fast food and frozen food are examples of the type of
sustenance a typical student may frequently consume. Initially,
this type of food may seem like the best option, as it’s easy and
quick to prepare, however, in the long run it’s not benefitting
students whatsoever; it often contains lots of salt, saturated
fat and lacks nutritional value. Fresh fruit and vegetables,
protein, carbohydrates and essential fats are all vital
components in a healthy diet. Although many students may find
this difficult to incorporate into their lifestyle, it is
important as the different food groups provide essential vitamins
and minerals, some of which can boost the immune system and
prevent fatigue. Therefore, a diet lacking in variety and
nutritional value could eventually damage the health of many
students, which is not ideal considering their busy lifestyles.
Nevertheless, a poor diet and sleep deprivation is easily
something which can be gradually altered by an individual. It is
other factors such as alcohol and smoking which can cause serious
and irreversible damage. Most students go on multiple nights out
every week, as it provides relief from the stress of working hard
and allows students to make the most of university life. However,
many individuals consume a vast amount of alcohol on each night
out, which not only increases the risk of future health problems
such as liver disease, it can also have an impact on an
individual’s actions at the time. According to ‘Drinkaware’,
“Accidents and falls are common because being drunk affects your
balance, co-ordination… and memory”, whilst “Overdosing on
alcohol” can stop your heart, breathing, or “you could choke on
your vomit”. Therefore, it’s important that students realize the
dangers of binge drinking. Although it would be unrealistic to
expect students to stop drinking completely, they should still be
able to enjoy themselves by drinking in moderation rather than
binging.
In relation to this, smoking is another damaging habit which
effects students. ‘Social smoking’ has become particularly common
amongst students, who only smoke when they’re on a night out or
socializing. However, only smoking occasionally and ‘socially’
doesn’t make you immune to the risks of smoking. Tobacco use
claims up to six million lives per year through lung diseases,
heart disease and cancer and each cigarette increases the risk of
these diseases. Smoking is one of the worst killers in the UK,
therefore it is vital that students (the future of our society)

stop smoking, even if they do only do it ‘socially’. This is a
realistic prospect as many of the world’s governments are behind
a tobacco ban and are beginning to oppose the multinational
tobacco companies standing in the way of global progress.
Furthermore, India is preparing to host a key global anti-tobacco
conference of the parties to the World Health Organization
framework convention on tobacco control. Therefore, it seems
likely that smoking is something not only the UK, but the world
will eventually combat as stated by Griffin (2016).
The majority case of students who have bad habits includes
poor diet and sleep deprivation. Poor habits with unhealthy
lifestyle; going out constantly, often eating in fast foods, and
lacking of nutritional value which involves the intakes of
vitamins to boost immune systems. On the other hand, smoking and
drinking alcohol is another damaging habit.
2.1.7.2 College students eating habits and knowledge of
nutritional requirements
Inadequate nutrition affects students’ health and academic
success. Students may have proficient knowledge regarding
nutritional requirements; however, the transition to college life
gives them more freedom to choose the type and the amount of food
they eat. Most college campuses have dining facilities that

provide a variety of food options, which can lead to establishing
either good or bad eating behaviors.
2.1.7.3 Nutritional requirements
It is crucial to meet daily nutritional requirements for
one’s body to function properly and to maintain one’s health to
the optimal level. Most nutritional values such as protein,
energy, carbohydrates, fats and most minerals can be obtained by
food sources. However, some individuals take dietary supplements
on a daily basis to ensure their nutrition level. The current
college-aged group should have had education on nutrition back in
elementary school via the Food Pyramid. Also, since 2011, people
have had access to MyPlate, which is a visual representation of
nutrition requirements. Each nutrient plays an important role in
establishing health, metabolism, and proper function of the body.
2.1.7.4 College students’ knowledge
It is inevitable that college students face a new
environment for meal preparation, planning, and eating as they
transition to their college life. Even though many college-aged
students are aware of the importance of meeting nutritional
values, their knowledge and attitude might hinder them from
changing their behavior. Many other factors come in to play in
their decision-making, however, the college students’ knowledge

on nutrition does not always lead to healthy food choices.
Stockton and Baker discovered college students do understand that
consuming fast food can lead to disease; however, their knowledge
was not a factor that influenced their food choices.
Interestingly, Stockton and Baker found that college
students did not think the harm from fast food was related to
calories but rather harmful chemicals and additives. The main
concern the students had was not the number of calories they were
taking, but the additives to their food. Also, the male college
students consumed more fast food than female college students.
Students thought that hamburgers were not harmful to their
health.
2.1.7.5 Eating habits
Various poor eating habits have been noted among college
groups in many recent studies. Brown et al. conducted an
experiment in which they implemented interventions on vending
machine sales on a university campus. They stated that many
college students tended to select food according to convenience,
taste, time, and price rather than nutritional values. Many
college students tended to choose quick and tasty options, which
were usually available through vending machines.

In a study on correlation between perceived parenting style
and the eating practices of college freshmen, Barneset al.
surveyed 264 college freshmen between the ages of 18 and 20
years. Through this survey, they found little evidence of the
effect of parenting style on eating habits in a college group.
About 44% reported that they had the same eating practice as they
did before come to college. The researchers concluded that
parenting style did not affect the eating habits of college
students as much as it does in the eating habit of children and
youth.
2.1.7.6 Weight management
In a study to determine weight management knowledge in
firstyear college students, Das and Evens surveyed 45 first-year
students who were recruited using a cross-sectional method. They
found that the reasons for weight gain among first-year college
students were the changes in the social and physical
environments, such as dietary intake including alcohol use,
physical activity, stress, and sleep.
2.1.7.7 Challenges
Das and Evans discovered that men and women reported
different types of barriers for maintaining health. Men’s
perceived barriers were limited access to healthier foods and gym

supplies, not enough time for physical activity, large work
overload, and lack of support from family and friends. On the
other hand, women reported lack of time to exercise or eat
healthy, inability to manage time, stress from different
environments, and failure to prioritize weight management as
their perceived barriers.
2.1.7.8 Health promotion and healthy behaviors
Healthy behaviors, such as physical activity, are often
compromised among college students. Miller et al. conducted a
survey on the effectiveness of a health promotion smartphone
application for college students. The researchers noted that many
undergraduate students had less than optimal health nor
participated in healthy behaviors on a regular basis. They
discovered that college students believed the application was
beneficial and helpful in that it promoted healthy behaviors and
raised awareness.
Many colleges in the United States provide nutrition-related
courses for their students. Lockwood and Wohl studied the
effectiveness of a lifetime wellness course on changing students’
global self-efficacy, physical self-efficacy, and wellness
behavior. The participants reported that the 15-week course had a
significant impact on their behavior changes. More physical

activity and exercise were initiated. Also, the students’ food
choices were more nutritious and healthier after the course.
Boucher et al. investigated an intervention to promote the
consumption of fruits and vegetables among young adults in junior
college. Consuming fruits and vegetables are one of the important
healthy behaviors to achieve one’s optimal physical function. The
researchers found that the intervention increased the number of
college students eating at least five servings of fruits and
vegetables. They emphasized the importance of developing
interventions tailored to college students to promote healthy
behaviors.
Similar results were shown in another recent study. Texting
has become one of the common communication tools in college-aged
population. Brown et al. used text messaging in their study to
provide nutrition education and inform better food choices in
college students. They found out that college students had better
perception of nutrition and increased their fruit and vegetable
consumption. Furthermore, text messaging appeared to be an
effective education tool to enhance nutrition related knowledge
and encourage healthy behaviors in college students.
In order for them to function well, students believe that
nutritional basis are better ways to keep their health on track.
But the main problem of only getting aware only is that knowledge
on nutrition was not a factor that influenced their food choices.
It is only a process on how they think and response, but not in
actions. Another is that lack of time to exercise and to eat
healthy. Lacking of management to reach appropriate weight. The
most important thing to remember and to prioritize is that,
healthy behavior beyond all the possibilities to have disease.
2.1.8 Unhealthy habits of students that causes diseases local
MANILA, Philippines – The Philippines is still one of the
unhealthiest countries in Asia, lagging behind India, Malaysia,
Thailand, Vietnam and Sri Lanka.
Currently, 30 percent of Filipino parents admit their
children don’t get enough exercise and 22 percent said their
children do not get enough sleep. Too much time spent watching
TV, playing video games or being online are the main culprits.
Unless parents and schools promote exercise and restrict screen
time, there will be challenges to the younger generation’s
health. There are very high levels of concerns about many health
conditions, all much higher than the regional averages. The main
health concerns are heart disease, having a stroke, diabetes,
respiratory illnesses, being bedridden/wheelchair bound and
cancer. “But despite their many health concerns, only 50 percent
had a medical checkup in the past year, down in fact from
previous years (58 percent in 2011 and 54 percent in 2013).

Employers should help their employees get health checkups,
including giving them sufficient time off to do so,” as stated by
the AIA surveyor (2016). – Reported by the Philippine Star
(2016).
Too much time spending in things that involves negative
behaviors are at high risk of having such diseases. Restriction
of screen time and promotion of exercise for the students are a
must in order to prevent the challenges in the future.
2.1.8.1 Filipinos have worst health habits in Asia, says study
MANILA, Philippines—Filipinos have among the worst health
habits in Asia, according to a new research from Sun Life
Financial Asia covering eight major markets in Asia Pacific.
The study showed that about half of Filipinos sleep less
than six hours a day – the highest in the region – with 45
percent admitting to unhealthy eating habits, also the highest in
the region.
Over 60 percent of Filipinos also said they have not been
exercising regularly, exceeding the regional average of 56
percent, and almost at the same level as Hong Kong, Thailand and
Malaysia.
The Sun Life Financial Asia Health Index, a regional report
that covered the Philippines, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Vietnam, Singapore and Thailand, likewise showed that

Filipinos had the highest levels of family history of chronic
illness (19 percent versus the average of 13 percent).
They also scored highest in terms of largely preventable
health conditions experienced by family members, such as diabetes
(47 percent versus the region’s average of 32 percent) and heart
disease (43 percent compared to 23 percent for the region).
But Filipinos also showed the highest motivation to attain
and maintain a healthy lifestyle with a score of 86.8 on the Asia
Health Index, which measures attitudes, perceptions and behavior
relating to health, lifestyle, priorities, healthcare access and
personal finances, outpacing the region’s average of 80.1.
Sun Life Financial Philippines President Riza Mantaring said
in a briefing on Thursday there has been a “disconnect” between
what Filipinos wanted to do about their health – like exercise
more and eat a more balanced diet – and what they have actually
been doing.
“While people want to make changes in areas of their lives
that are largely within their control, such as exercise,
nutrition and stress management – that desire hasn’t yet been
successfully translated into action that leads to sustained
behavior change,” as stated by Mantaring (2014).
Perhaps one reason behind the wide gap between knowledge and
action is that Filipinos are the most positive about their

physical health (77 percent versus 62 percent for the region) and
mental health (81 percent versus 64 percent).
They also outperformed the region when it came to
relationship with family, level of happiness and level of energy.
Hong Kong and Singapore, on the other hand, were the least
positive about their physical, mental and emotion health.
Singaporeans and Hong Kong citizens were also the most
dissatisfied about their level of energy, according to the
inaugural study of Sun Life.
The Sun Life Asia Health Index was based on the findings of
a survey conducted between Aug. 21 and Sept. 11, 2014 among 5,000
middle-income Asians from the Philippines, Hong Kong, Malaysia,
Indonesia, Vietnam, China, Singapore and Thailand, aged 25 and
55.
The sample population was questioned on their attitudes
toward healthy and active living, health concerns for the future
and expectations on access to vital healthcare.
The survey findings for the region revealed the emergence of
Asia’s so-called “Generation O” – a demographic that has been
“overworked, overweight and generally overwhelmed.” As stated by
Mantaring (2014).
Filipinos said their main barriers to living a healthy and
active lifestyle were lack of health-related activities that

interested them, and dearth of good sports and recreational
facilities.
For the region, the main reasons cited for failure to lead a
healthier lifestyle were lack of time due to work, lack of
motivation and distractions, such as watching TV and surfing the
Internet.
Being overweight and obese was also cited as the main
personal health issue hounding Asians. Obesity levels in the
Philippines, however, are still below the region’s average, and
well behind the numbers in Thailand, Malaysia and Hong Kong.
The Sun Life Asia study also indicated that while Filipinos
were the most optimistic in the region, they were also the most
concerned about the cost of health care upon their retirement,
followed by Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia.
This is why Sun Life in the Philippines plans to roll out a
new line of products that will help cover health care costs.
The insurance company would invest in programs that would
encourage Filipinos to turn their plans to lead a healthier
lifestyle into action as stated by Mantaring (2014).
“As part of our call to the ‘Generation O’ of the
Philippines to convert awareness to action through better,
healthier choices, we at Sun Life continue to explore ways to
raise awareness about wellness and health-enhancing behavior

toward improved physical and financial well-being,” as stated by
Mantaring (2014). – as reported by Dumalao (2014).
Filipino’s habits showed from the studies that they are
experiencing sleep deprivation. Family members also experience
diabetes and heart diseases. On the other hand, Filipinos showed
the highest motivation to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
Filipino’s majority of hindrance to a healthy lifestyle is that
lack of health-related activities. Other countries are also not
satisfied with their level of energy. The Philippines should
increase their awareness of appropriate lifestyle to improve
life.
CHAPTER 3
3.1 Research Methodology
This study discussed the manner which this study was
conducted. This included the research design, local of the study,
sampling techniques used, instrumentation and validation,
collection of data and statistical treatment.
3.2 Research Design
This study used the descriptive survey method to identify
the demographic characteristics of the respondents along age, sex
and strand including in determining the level of awareness of
students towards the different causes of diseases. This study is

supplemented with structured interview in which the conduct of
questioning follows a well-defined content. Checklist-type
questionnaire in likert scale was given to the respondents;
hence, the design was appropriate for this study.
3.3 Locale of the study
This study is conducted among the Grade 11 Senior High
School students in the Lyceum of Aparri in the year 2019-2020.
3.4 Respondents of the study
The respondents of the study involve the 46 STEM 11, 16 in
the ABM 11, 13 in the TVL 11, and 35 in the HUMMS 11.
3.5 Research Instrument
This study used questionnaire as the main instrument to
obtain information from the respondents. Secondary data were used
because it makes use of previously-published information for
analysis lie archives and articles in the World Wide Web.
3.6 Data gathering procedure
Before proceeding for the questionnaires that will be given
to the students, the researchers have given a letter to the
respective advisers and the principal as permission in collecting
data. After the approval of the different teachers from the
different strands, the researchers have discussed the
instructions little by little and gently. Hence, the

questionnaires were given and returned successfully. Due to the
pandemic, the questionnaires are sent online one by one to the
students in the month of April 2020. Hence, the questionnaires
were given and returned successfully.
3.7 Statistical Treatment
The researchers have used the following statistical tools to
analyze the data gathered in the survey questionnaire.
1. Percentage. This is to get the proportion of the whole.
Formula: Percentage (%) = F/N X 100
Where: F – stands for the frequency of the responses
N – Number of respondents
2. Weighted mean. This is used to arrive at a verbal
interpretation of each item in the provided checklists.
fx
Formula: WM= ∑N
Where: WM – weighted mean
∑ fx - Sum of the products of the frequency with weights
N – Sample size
The interpretation of means is based on this table:
Scale/Range
1 .00 - 1.80 Not Aware at All
1.81 - 2.60 Slightly Aware
2.61 - 3.40 Somewhat Aware
3.41 - 4.20 Moderately Aware
4.21 - 5.00 Extremely Aware
Determining the Range of Scales:
Formula: (highest scale-lowest scale)/highest scale
Range=(5-1)/5
Highest scale=5
=4/5
Lowest scale=1 Range=0.80
3. Weighted arithmetic mean. This is used to get the general
average of the weighted means.
∑ fx
Formula: x=
∑f
Where: x- arithmetic mean
f- frequency
x- variable
∑ f −¿ sum of frequencies
CHAPTER 4
4.1 PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
This chapter presents the analysis and interpretation of
data gathered based on the questions posited in the study. To
make this chapter more scientific, the researcher followed the
sequence of the questionnaire used in this study. The data were
gathered from the respondents of Grade 11 students in Lyceum of
Aparri in the school year 2019-2020.
Part I - Demographic profile of the respondents
Part II - Level of awareness of the Grade 11 students
towards the different factors that cause diseases
Part III - Level of awareness of the Grade 11 students
towards the different negative habits of students that
affects their health

4.1.1 PART I- SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF THE RESPONDENTS
Table 1
Frequency- Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According
to Age
AGE Frequency Percentage
15 0 0
16 51 46%
17 46 42%
18 & Above 13 12%
TOTAL 110 100%
AGE
12%
15
16
46% 17
18 & Above
42%
Figure 1
Frequency - Percentage Distribution of the Respondents According
to Age
The figure 1 shows the distribution of Grade 11 students of
Lyceum of Aparri classified according to their age. The Grade 11
students’ ages ranged from 16-18 years old, with the 16 years old
as the majority at 51 in total of 46%, indicating that most of
the Grade 11-STEM students are aged 16 years old. It is followed
by 46 or 42% of the total population which belongs to 17 years
old, and lastly, 13 or 12% of the total population also belongs
to 18 years old. It can be interpreted that most of the Grade 11
students has followed the Philippine K-12 education standards
according to age requirement where Grade 11 students are required
to be 16 years old while Grade 12 students are required to be 17
years old.
Table 2

to Sex
SEX Frequency Percentage
Male 59 54%
Female 51 46%
TOTAL 110 100%
SEX
MALE
FEMALE
46%
54%
Figure 2
to Sex
Lyceum of Aparri classified according to their sex. The results
above show that majority of the population of the Grade 11
students are 54% or 59 male and 46% or 51 females. This negates
the data from the Philippine Statistics Office where the number
of enrolees of Grade 11 is mostly dominated by female compared to
male.
Table 3

to Strand
STRAND Frequency Percentage
STEM 46 42%
ABM 16 15%
HUMSS 35 32%
TVL 13 12%
TOTAL 110 100%
STRAND
12%
STEM
ABM
42% HUMSS
32%
TVL
15%
Figure 3
to Strand
Lyceum of Aparri classified according to their strand. From all
the strands, there are 46(42%) STEM students, 35(32%) HUMSS
students, 16(14%) ABM students, 13(12%) TVL students and which
makes the total of 110 students. It is showed from the picture
that the biggest population among the other strand are the STEM
students. The figure also shows that most of the students are
enrolled in the academic track compared to technical-vocational-
livelihood track.
4.1.2 PART II- LEVEL OF AWARENESS OF THE GRADE 11 STUDENTS
TOWARDS THE DIFFERENT FACTORS THAT CAUSE DISEASES
Legend:
Scale/Range Verbal Interpretation
1.00 - 1.80 Not Aware at All
1.81 - 2.60 Slightly Aware
2.61 - 3.40 Somewhat Aware
3.41 - 4.20 Moderately Aware
4.21 - 5.00 Extremely Aware

Table 4
Level of awareness of the respondents according to lifestyle
factors that cause diseases
Lifestyle Factors
Verbal
Weighte
Interpretatio
d Mean
Questions 5 4 3 2 1 n
Having a poor hygiene will
make you prone to 6 3 1 Extremely
illnesses 1 0 4 3 2 4.32 Aware
Overeating salty foods
increases the risk of
one’s person to heart

4 4 1 Extremely
disease and stroke
8 1 9 1 1 4.22 Aware
Overeating sugary foods is
linked to several
metabolic abnormalities
and adverse health
conditions including
diabetes and
4 4 1 Moderately
cardiovascular diseases
4 5 4 5 2 4.13 Aware
Overeating fatty foods 5 4 1 2 0 4.32 Extremely
affects multiple 1 5 2 Aware
cardiovascular risk
factors
Smoking a cigarette causes 6 3 1 Extremely
respiratory illnesses 6 1 1 2 0 4.46 Aware
Smoking e-cigarette or
vape causes respiratory

4 3 1 Moderately
illnesses
6 9 3 10 2 4.06 Aware
Drinking too much alcohol
can lead to development of
chronic diseases and
serious problems including
high blood pressure, heart
disease, stroke, liver
disease, and digestive 6 3 1 Extremely
problems 6 2 2 0 0 4.49 Aware
Poor diet is associated
with increased risk of
cardiovascular diseases 3 3 3 Moderately
and some cancers 3 5 0 9 3 3.78 Aware
Lack of exercise can
develop cardiovascular 3 4 1 Moderately
diseases 6 8 8 8 0 4.02 Aware

Too much exercise can lead
to hormonal imbalance that

2 3 4 Moderately
drives a person to overeat
4 0 0 11 5 3.52 Aware
Inadequate relief of
chronic stress can cause
mental health problems,
cardiovascular diseases,
obesity, gastrointestinal
problems, and other

3 4 2 Moderately
diseases
4 4 0 8 4 3.87 Aware
Unprotected sex can cause
HIV and other sexually

6 3 Extremely
transmitted diseases
9 2 9 0 0 4.55 Aware
Not having certain
vaccinations will
eradicate infectious
diseases with no extra 3 4 1 Moderately
human reservoir 7 9 8 5 1 4.05 Aware
Spending too much time in
the sun without proper
protection can damage skin
and increases the risk of

5 3 2 Extremely
skin cancers
4 4 0 2 0 4.27 Aware
Spending too much time
playing or using gadgets
can cause physical and
mental damage, overweight,
vision problems, and 5 3 1 Moderately
develop seizure 5 0 6 9 0 4.19 Aware
Use of drugs can weaken
immune system and

6 2 1 Extremely
illness and infection
5 7 2 6 0 4.37 Aware
Low consumption of fiber
can cause sudden increase
in blood sugar and
increase the risk of

3 4 2 Moderately
developing type 2 diabetes
0 7 2 7 4 3.84 Aware
Insufficient nutrient
intake makes a person
prone to diseases and

5 2 1 Extremely
illnesses
9 9 9 3 0 4.31 Aware
Weighte
d Moderately
Average 4.15 Aware

The table indicates the level of awareness of grade 11
students in Lyceum of Aparri to the lifestyle factors that can
cause diseases and can affect one’s health. The weighted average
of 4.15 with a verbal interpretation of moderately aware reveals
that the grade 11 students have idea of how lifestyle factors can
cause diseases. They were extremely aware that unprotected sex
can cause HIV and other sexually transmitted disease with a
weighted mean of 4.55, drinking too much alcohol can lead to
development of chronic diseases and serious problems including
high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, liver disease, and
digestive problems with a weighted mean of 4.49, smoking a
cigarette causes respiratory illness with a weighted mean of
4.46, use of drugs can weaken immune system and increases the
risk of illness and infections with a weighted mean of 4.37,
having poor hygiene will make them prone to illness with a
weighted mean of 4.32, overeating fatty foods affects multiple
cardiovascular risk factors with a weighted mean of 4.32,
insufficient nutrient intake makes a person prone to diseases and
illnesses with a weighted mean of 4.31, spending too much time in
the sun without proper protection can damage skin and increases
the risk of skin cancers with a weighted mean of 4.27 and
overeating salty foods increases the risk of one’s person to
heart disease and stroke with a weighted mean of 4.22. They were
moderately aware on spending too much time playing or using

gadgets can cause physical and mental damage, overweight, vision
problems, and develop seizure with a weighted mean of 4.19,
overeating sugary foods is linked to several metabolic
abnormalities and adverse health conditions including diabetes
and cardiovascular disease with a weighted mean of 4.13, smoking
e-cigarette or vape causes respiratory illnesses with a weighted
mean of 4.06, not having certain vaccinations will eradicate
infectious diseases with no extra human reservoir with a weighted
mean of 4.05, lack of exercise can develop cardiovascular disease
with a weighted mean of 4.02, inadequate relief of chronic stress
can cause mental health problems, cardiovascular diseases,
obesity, gastrointestinal problems, and other disease with a
weighted mean of 3.87, low consumption of fiber can cause sudden
increase in blood sugar and increase the risk of developing type
2 diabetes with a weighted mean of 3.84, poor diet is associated
with increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and some cancer
with a weighted average of 3.78 and too much exercise can lead to
hormonal imbalance that drives a person to overeat with a
weighted mean of 3.52.
According to S. Karger AG, Basel (2014), lifestyles affect
health and survival at all ages. It focuses on behaviours
modifiable by individual actions and public health interventions,
such as smoking, obesity and sedentary behaviour, which
predispose numerous people to diseases that rank among the

leading causes of death, including heart disease, cancer, stroke,
diabetes and dementia. These factors not only shorten life but,
when they occur together, also have a major impact on survival
beyond that associated with each single lifestyle factor. WHO
(2010) mentioned that almost half of all deaths in Asia are
attributed to NCDs, accounting for 47% of global burden of
disease. It usually occurs in low- and middle-income countries
(LMICs) – including the Philippines – that are accounted for 80%
of non-communicable diseases. This transitioned the traditional
foods to affordable ultra-processed food (UPF) products according
to Monteiro & Cannon (2012) and decreased physical activity and
sedentary lifestyles as stated by WHO (2010); Hancock et al.
(2011). When a person is aware of his/her habits, the cases for
non-communicable diseases will be reduced too. Non-communicable
diseases are triggered by the lifestyle of a person. According to
Steptoe (1992), knowledge about the link between behaviour and
health (or risk awareness) is an important factor to inform
choices about healthy behaviour. An additional factor, closely
linked to risk awareness, is health beliefs.

Table 5
Level of awareness of the respondents according to environmental
Environmental Factors
Weighted Verbal
Questions 5 4 3 2 1 Mean Interpretation
Lack of safe water
is linked to
transmission of
diseases such as
diarrhea, cholera,
dysentery, typhoid,
and polio 59 38 11 2 0 4.40 Extremely Aware
Inadequate excreta
facilities are
linked to
transmission of
diseases such as
diarrhea, cholera,
dysentery, typhoid,
and polio, and other

Moderately
diseases
31 46 29 4 0 3.95 Aware
Overcrowded living 31 40 23 11 5 3.74 Moderately
conditions can
transmit diseases
with epidemic
potential such as
typhus, cholera, and
scabies
Aware
Unclean environment
due to improper
waste disposal
produces toxic and
infectious materials
that harms one’s
health
65 32 12 1 0 4.46 Extremely Aware
Air pollution that
cause respiratory
disease,
cardiovascular
damage, nervous
system damage, and
other diseases.
Polluted bodies of 40 40 17 8 5 3.93 Moderately
water can cause Aware
water-borne diseases
such as typhoid,
cholera, jaundice,
malaria, and other
diseases
Unclean air due to
burned chemicals can
cause respiratory
infections and
reduces lung
function
Poor sanitation is
linked to
transmission of
diseases such as
diarrhea, cholera,
dysentery, typhoid,
Moderately
and polio
50 33 20 4 3 4.12 Aware
Weighted Moderately
Average 3.63 Aware

The table 5 indicates the level of awareness of grade 11
students in Lyceum of Aparri to the environmental factors that
can cause diseases and can affect one’s health. The weighted
average of 3.63 with a verbal interpretation of moderately aware
reveals that the grade 11 students have sufficient knowledge on
how environmental factors can cause diseases. They were extremely
aware on unclean environment due to improper waste disposal
produces toxic and infectious materials that harms one’s health
with a weighted mean of 4.46, lack of safe water is linked to
transmission of diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, dysentery,
typhoid, and polio, and other diseases with a weighted mean of
4.40, air pollution that cause respiratory disease,
cardiovascular damage, and other diseases with a weighted mean of
4.35 and unclean air due to burned chemicals can cause
respiratory infections and reduces lung function with a weighted
mean of 4.25. They were moderately aware on poor sanitation is
linked to transmission of diseases such as diarrhea, cholera,
dysentery, typhoid, and polio with a weighted mean of 4.12,
inadequate excreta facilities are linked to transmission of
diseases such as diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, and polio
and other diseases with a weighted mean of 3.95, polluted bodies
of water can cause water-borne diseases such as typhoid, cholera,
jaundice, malaria, and other diseases with a weighted mean of
3.93 and overcrowded living conditions can transmit diseases with

epidemic potential such as typhus, cholera, and scabies with a
weighted mean of 3.74.
Environmental health comprises the physical, chemical, and
biological factors that are external to a person and contributes
to the assessment and control of the environmental factors that
can potentially affect one’s health according to WHO (2017).
Maintaining a safe environment prevents one from being exposed to
toxins that can increase the risk pertaining to the contraction
of various diseases as stated by Healthy People (2020, 2017). The
negative correlation between environmental exposures and health
issues is becoming increasingly significant in the Philippines,
where public health is negatively affected by factors such as
poverty, lack of education, and population pressures as mentioned
by De La Paz & Colson (2008). Ridener (1997) indicated that many
are aware but do not necessarily use their “literacy” to help by
assessing and acting on environmental issues. Clearly, it is
important for students to develop, not only “literacy,” but also
an understanding of sustainability and human-environment
relations according to him. This issue can be resolved and the
concerns governing the environment will be answered too, if
students make a move to understand and view the environment and
its complex processes. Their awareness is not enough by moreover;
their comprehension to the environment is also needed so they
could do their part as a steward of this world. The worldviews,

attitudes, and perceptions of the students toward the environment
could significantly affect everyone’s sustainability in the future
as stated by Su&Glenn (2008).
Table 6
Level of awareness of the respondents according to infectious
Infectious Factors
Verbal
Weighte Interpretatio
Questions 5 4 3 2 1 d Mean n
Taking steroids or other
medications that suppress
the immune system is bad 2 3 3 Moderately
for one’s health 7 7 1 10 5 3.65 Aware
Direct contact from person
who has virus, bacteria,
or other germs to another
who is not infected have
the possibility of getting

6 3 Extremely
diseases
7 3 8 2 0 4.5 Aware
Direct contact from an 3 3 3 5 4 3.76 Moderately
animal that is infected 1 5 5 Aware
with a disease to a person

have the possibility of
getting diseases
Being exposed to organisms
in the environment
being infected by
pathogenic organisms
6 2 1 Extremely
3 8 1 7 1 4.32 Aware
Weighte
d Moderately
Average 4.06 Aware
Table 6 presents the level of awareness of students towards
the infectious factors that cause diseases. The weighted average
of 4.06 with a verbal interpretation of moderately aware reveals
that the Grade 11 students in Lyceum of Aparri have sufficient
knowledge about the infection-generating factors that could
possibly affect their health. They are extremely aware that a
direct contact from a person who has a virus, bacteria or other
germs could possibly transfer its disease to a person who is not
infected with a weighted mean of 4.5. It also shows that they are
extremely aware too that being exposed to organisms in the

environment increases the risk of being infected by pathogenic
organisms with a weighted mean of 4.3. They students are only
moderately aware that having a direct contact from an animal that
is infected with a disease to a person has the possibility of
passing the disease from the animal to the person with a weighted
mean of 3.79, and that taking steroids or other medications that
suppress the immune system with a weighted mean of 3.65.
An article entitled “Increasing Public Awareness is Vital in
the Fight against Infectious Diseases” shows the importance of
people’s awareness towards the different signs and symptoms of
infectious diseases and how to prevent them. Dr. Dan Horton
stated that “infectious diseases pose a considerable threat to
human health and place an enormous economic burden on health care
systems”. This only means that the awareness of an individual
towards the infectious factors is a great help that will reduce
their chances of being infected with communicable diseases. The
population of students is a susceptible population where
outbreaks of infectious diseases may occur, but their awareness
and knowledge about the infectious diseases has significance in
preventing and treating infectious diseases.

Table 7
Level of awareness of the respondents according to physiological
Physiological Factors
Verbal
Being overweight or
obese can increase the
risk of diabetes, heart
disease, certain
cancers, and other

Extremely
diseases.
64 26 13 5 2 4.32 Aware
Being malnourished can
lead to serious health

Moderately
issues
53 35 15 5 2 4.2 Aware
High blood pressure is
a risk factor for more Moderately
than heart disease 47 43 15 5 0 4.2 Aware
High blood cholesterol
can increase the risk

Extremely
for heart disease
63 28 11 7 1 4.32 Aware
High blood sugar 52 38 16 4 0 4.25 Extremely

heart disease, stroke,
kidney disease, vision
and nerve problems, and
other diseases
Aware
Weighte
d Extremely
Average 4.26 Aware
Table 7 present the level of awareness of student towards
physiological factors that cause diseases. The weighted average
of 4.26 with a verbal interpretation of extremely aware reveals
that the Grade 11 students in Lyceum of Aparri have enough
knowledge about the physiological factors that affect one’s
health. Student are extremely aware that being overweight or
obese can increase the risk of diabetes, heart disease, certain
cancers and other diseases with a weighted mean of 4.32. They are
also extremely aware that having high blood cholesterol can
increase the risk for heart disease with a weighted mean of 4.32.
And they are also extremely aware that having high blood sugar
increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, kidney disease,
vision and nerve problems and other diseases with weighted of
4.25. The students are moderately aware that being malnourished
can lead to serious health issues with a weighted mean of 4.2 and
they are moderately aware that having high blood pressure is a
risk factor for more than heart disease with a weighted mean of
4.2. This only means that the awareness of students towards the
lifestyle factors is also linked to their awareness towards the
physiological factors. Lifestyle factors can cause different
disease in which the physiological factors are one of its
consequences.
In the article “When being overweight is a health problem”,
it tells that being overweight is a serious health problem
because it affects one’s health. Overweight can lead to diabetes
and heart disease. Being overweight can also affect the person’s
breathing, sleep, mood and energy levels. Some people are gaining
weight because of unhealthy lifestyle and unhealthy eating. .
Being overweight has the possible on having high blood
cholesterol and high blood sugar.
The cause of high cholesterol is either a history from
family or the lifestyle choices of diet and exercise and it
increase to chances to have heart disease. Uncontrolled blood
pressure can lead to heart attack or stroke and there is the
possibility to be disabled. To prevent this affecting the health
of a person, one must control the food she/he eating and to have
a healthy lifestyle.
Table 8
Level of awareness of the respondents according to environmental
Academic-related Factors
Verbal
Chronic stress due to
academic-related Moderately
activities 58 25 20 5 2 4.20 Aware
Lack of sleep due to
academic-related
Extremely
activities
61 23 23 3 0 4.29 Aware
Weighte
d Extremely
Average 4.25 Aware
Table 8 presents the level of awareness of student towards
academic- related factors that cause diseases. The weighted
average of 4.25 with a verbal interpretation of extremely aware
reveals that Grade 11 students in Lyceum of Aparri have knowledge
about the academic- related factors that can affect one’s health.
The students are extremely aware that lack of sleep due to

academic- related activities can cause disease with a weighted
mean of 4. 29 and they are moderately aware that having chronic
stress due to academic- related activities that can cause disease
with a weighted mean of 4.20.
In the article “The impact of stress on students in
secondary school and higher education” its research indicates
that academic- related stress can reduce academic achievement and
decrease motivation that can leads to overthink for failure. It
concerns to the impact of academic- related stress, including
discussion of the impact on students’ learning capacity and
academic performance and mental health problems such as
depression and anxiety, sleep disturbances and substance use.
According to (Kessler, 1997: Moylan, Maes, Wray and Berk, 2013),
on-going stress also precipitates the development of more serious
mental health issues such as anxiety and depression.
Insufficient sleep in adolescence is recognized as a serious
health risk by the American Medical Association who reported that
many young people do not get enough hours of sleep (Owens. 2014).
Stress is a contributing factor to poor sleep in young people
(Bernert, Merrill, Braithwaite, Van Orden, and joiner, 2007:
Curcio, Ferrara & de, 2006). In a study from United States, over
90% of 9-12th grade students reported that they have an inadequate
number of hours of sleep on most school nights. These young
people report that the impact of the loss of sleep is difficulty

paying attention, lower grades, higher stress and trouble along
with other people. (Noland et al., 2009). Stress may also lead to
the development of non-communicable diseases, including metabolic
syndrome, obesity and reduced insulin sensitivity, resulting from
unhealthy habits and stress system dysregulation (Pervanidou &
Chrousos, 2012). Therefore, academic related stress can cause
health issues including chronic non- communicable disease due to
decrease in physical activity and increases unhealthy lifestyle
habits.
4.1.3 PART III- LEVEL OF AWARENESS OF THE GRADE 11 STUDENTS
TOWARDS THE DIFFERENT NEGATIVE HABITS OF STUDENTS THAT AFFECTS
THEIR HEALTH
Table 9
Level of awareness of the respondents towards the different
negative habits of students that affects their health
Negative Habits of Students that Affects their Health
Weighted Verbal
Questions 5 4 3 2 1
Mean Interpretation
Biting your nails can
damage your teeth and
skin around your nail
bed that leads to

Moderately
infection
30 34 30 11 5 3.66 Aware
Having less hours of
sleep will be more
likely for you to
have high blood
pressure, heart
disease, diabetes, Moderately
and depression 40 36 20 10 4 3.89 Aware
Keeping the volume of 32 36 23 18 1 3.73 Moderately
your headphones and Aware

listening for hours
will more likely for
you to lose your
hearing and even
brain tissue loss
Using your gadgets
before bed may cause
certain cancers,
diabetes, obesity,
Moderately
and heart disease
28 30 30 14 8 3.51 Aware
Sitting for long
period of hours may
slow down your
metabolism and can
cause other health
problems and heart

Moderately
disease
30 30 32 11 7 3.59 Aware
Drinking too much
alcoholic beverages
can cause kidney and
liver disease,
digestive issues and

Extremely
heart problems.
65 35 8 1 1 4.47 Aware
Eating too much can
lead to heart
disease, diabetes,
high blood pressure,
and certain Kinds of

Moderately
cancer
47 33 26 3 1 4.11 Aware
Eating junk food are
linked to serious
health problems like
obesity, diabetes,
Extremely
and heart disease
54 40 14 2 0 4.33 Aware
Smoking cigarettes or
e-cigarettes can
cause respiratory
Extremely
illnesses
70 25 14 1 0 4.49 Aware
Drinking high sugar
beverages have high
risk of developing
Moderately
kidney disease
49 25 22 11 3 3.96 Aware
Watching too much TV 23 27 32 22 6 3.35 Somewhat Aware
leads to higher
levels of blood
pressure and diabetes
Not eating breakfast
can cause heart Moderately
problems 39 29 17 21 4 3.71 Aware
Skipping meals can
cause abdominal Moderately
weight gain 38 22 31 15 4 3.68 Aware
Not drinking enough
water can lead to

Extremely
kidney problems
55 38 7 8 2 4.24 Aware
Having a poor hygiene
will make you prone

Extremely
to illnesses
63 32 11 2 2 4.38 Aware
Weighted Moderately
Average 3.69 Aware
Table 9 presents the level of awareness of students towards
the negative habits that affects their health. The weighted
average of 3.69 with a verbal interpretation of moderately aware
reveals that the Grade 11 students in Lyceum of Aparri are
knowledgeable about the different habits that affect one’s
health. These habits are often practiced and some students
consider it as their mannerism which also gives hard time to the

students who are trying to withdraw from these habits. It shows
that students are extremely aware that smoking cigarettes or e-
cigarettes can cause respiratory illnesses with a weighted mean
of 4.49. Despite from their awareness, the World Health
Organization reports that 22% of the world’s populations are
teenagers who are smokers and over 6 million people die due to
smoking. According to studies, ‘stress’ is the main reason that
encourages students to smoke, followed by ‘peer pressure’, ‘sense
of belongingness’ and ‘being cool’. These are the reasons why
students do not have interests in quitting from smoking despite
their awareness to its health risks and consequences. Next is
that students are also extremely aware that drinking too many
alcoholic beverages can cause kidney and liver diseases digestive
issues and heart problems with a weighted mean of 4.47. Though
students are extremely aware of its bad effects, the World Health
Organization indicates that 9% of the population of teenagers
aged from 15-21 years old that is estimated at 86 million
teenagers has problems that are associated to alcohol addiction.
According to Bada and Adebiyi, alcohol consumption in students
could be due to curiosity, anxiety, and the influence of some
advertisements. These factors really affect the alcohol
consumption of students. Eating junk foods are also linked to
serious health problems like obesity, diabetes, and heart disease
with a weighted mean of 4.43 which shows that students are also
extremely aware of it. The World Health Organization (2006)
stated that malnutrition is a burden in the Philippines where
Baker and Friel (2014) reported that the consumption of junk
foods and carbonated drinks is really high in the Philippines
compared to other countries. The availability and affordability
of junk foods in the market triggers the high level of snack
consumption of the students. Students are also extremely aware
that having poor hygiene will make a person prone to illnesses
with a weighted mean of 4.38. Regardless to its health
consequences, people do not have any choice because studies shows
that only around 72% Filipino households have the access to clean
water and sanitation. And lastly, not drinking enough can lead to
kidney problems with a weighted mean of 4.24 which means that
students are extremely aware of it. According to the study that
is conducted by DOST-FNRI, it shows that 8 out of 10 Filipino
children are not drinking enough water and this makes them
dehydrated. Being hydrated is important be because it boosts up a
person’s physical and mental performance. This study also reveals
that the students are somewhat aware that watching too much TV
leads of higher levels of blood sugar and diabetes with a
weighted mean of 3.35 which means that they do not have enough
knowledge that watching too much TV is bad for their health.
That’s why most of the students are obese because instead of
engaging into physical activities, they tend to watch and sit all
day that makes them physically inactive and more prone to
illnesses.
A study conducted by Alaraj et.al(2018) entitled “An
Analysis Into University Students’ Bad Lifestyle Habits and their
effect on Academic Achievement” found out that the reasons that
kept the students doing their bad habits despite knowing its
effect to them is that they lack in willpower, their laziness is
also a factor, they also disregard their lifestyle, some also
lacks in knowledge about its effects, and lastly they do not
notice the consequences of their bad habits. The respondents of
their study also claimed that they actually got rid of some of
their bad habits but they ended up doing it again. Some
respondents also tried to withdraw from it but they couldn’t do
it. Some respondents got rid of some habits and some respondents
were willing to get rid of their habits but they never tried to
do it. Sadly, the study found out that no one in their
respondents is willing to change their bad habits.

CHAPTER 5
5.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusion
and recommendation derived from the data about the study entitled
“Awareness Level of Grade 11 Students in Lyceum of Aparri to
Different Disease-causing Factors”.
5.2 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS
The study entitled “Awareness Level of Grade 11 Students in
Lyceum of Aparri to Different Disease-causing Factors” was
designed to determine the demographic profile of all Grade 11
students in terms of age, sex, and strand. Second is to determine
the levels of awareness of all the respondents towards the
different factors that cause diseases namely lifestyle factors,
environmental factors, infectious factors, physiological factors,
and academic-related factors. Lastly, to determine the level of
awareness of the students towards the negative habits of students
that affects their health.
The study utilized the descriptive method. The study is conducted
online where all questionnaires are sent to all 110 Grade 11
students in Lyceum of Aparri. The researchers used frequency-
percentage method and weighted mean and weighted average method
for analysis and interpretation of data gathered and were
presented in graphs and table. Based on the results of the

statistical analysis of the gathered data, the findings are
summarized as follows:
5.2.1 Demographic Profile of Grade 11 students
Age - Majority of the Grade 11 students in Lyceum of Aparri
are 16 years old with a total of 46%, followed by 17 years old
with a total of 42%, and 18 years old is the least with a total
of 12 %.
Sex - Majority of the Grade 11 students in Lyceum of Aparri
are dominated by male with a total of 54%, and a total of 46%
female.
Strand - The Grade 11 students in Lyceum of Aparri are
mostly enrolled in the academic track under Science, Technology,
Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) with a total of 42%, followed
by Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) with a total of 32%,
and Accounting and Business Management (ABM) with a total of 15%.
The others enrolled in the Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL)
track with a total of 12%.
5.2.2 Level of awareness of the Grade 11 students towards the
different factors that cause diseases
Lifestyle factors - The Grade 11 students in Lyceum of
Aparri are moderately aware to the different lifestyle factors
that cause diseases with a weighted average of 4. 15. Among the
18 factors that were stated, they were extremely aware to the

different 9 factors that the weighted mean of each factor ranges
from 4.55 to 4.22. The other 9 factors show that the students are
moderately aware to the other factors in which the weighted mean
of each factor ranges from 4.13-3.78.
Environmental Factors - The Grade 11 students in Lyceum of
Aparri are moderately aware to the different environmental
factors that cause diseases with a weighted average of 3.63. Out
of the 8 factors that were stated, they are extremely aware to
the 4 factors where its weighted mean ranges from 4.46 to 4.25.
They are moderately aware to the other 4 factors where its
weighted mean ranges from 4.12 to 3.74.
Infectious Factors - The Grade 11 students in Lyceum of
Aparri are moderately aware to the different infectious factors
that cause diseases with a weighted average of 4.06. Out of the 4
factors that were stated, they are extremely aware to the 2
factors where its weighted mean ranges from 4.5 to 4.32. They are
moderately aware to the other 2 factors where its weighted mean
ranges from 3.76 to 3.65.
Physiological Factors - The Grade 11 students in Lyceum of
Aparri are extremely aware to the different environmental factors
that cause diseases with a weighted average of 4.26. Out of the 5
factors where its weighted mean ranges from 4.32 to 4.25. They
are moderately aware to the other 2 factors where its weighted
mean is both 4.2.
Academic-Related Factors - The Grade 11 students in Lyceum
of Aparri are extremely aware to the different environmental
factors that cause diseases with a weighted average of 4.25. Out
of the 2 factors that were stated, they are extremely aware to
the 1 factor where its weighted mean is 4.29. They are moderately
aware to the other factor where its weighted mean is 4.20.
5.2.3 Level of awareness of the Grade 11 students towards the
different negative habits of students that affects their health
The Grade 11 students in Lyceum of Aparri are moderately
aware to the different negative habits of students that affects
their health with a weighted average of 3.69. Out of the 15
factors where its weighted mean ranges from 4.49 to 4.24. They
are moderately aware to the other 9 factors where its weighted
mean ranges from 4.11 to 3.51. And lastly, they are somewhat
aware to the 1 factor where its weighted mean is 3.35.
This study conveys that the students has different
perspective to the environmental factors wherein the students
only view the physical appearances, the knowledge of each
students were good but not wide. The majority of the mentality of
the Grade 11 students are shallow when the issue becomes deeper.
5.3 RECOMMENDATIONS
 To the school
 The school should include nutrition-related subjects into
their curriculum that informs the students to the different
topics regarding to health and diseases.
 The school should establish an educational program to
improve the nutrition and health literacy of the students.
 To the future researchers
However, future researchers could contribute more along with
the following:
 Improvement of teachers’ competency about diseases and
other health issues which can help the students.
 Effective ways on having clinical practices.
 Efficient steps on enhancement for promoting health
behaviors.
 Better strategies on minimizing the worst health habits in
the different countries.
 Reasons behind the different approaches of students upon
health care management.
5.4 CONCLUSION
Grade 11 students in Lyceum of Aparri are moderately aware
to the various factors that cause diseases. As it has been
observed, seen and revealed from the different tables in the
study, students are extremely aware to the different factors
which are common to them, but when it comes to the deeper
factors, it turns out that they are just moderately aware. These
deeper factors include their habits that they never thought has
serious consequences and health risks. Their awareness on the
other hand tells that it has significance in preventing non-
communicable diseases and communicable diseases from infecting
them. There is also a connection from the sex of the different
strands that can cause them such diseases which are based from
the collected data, male is common to have unhealthy lifestyle
due to having vices and other social influences regarding health.
Awareness between the connection of lifestyle and health helps in
attaining a healthy life through healthy behavior.


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Archdiocese of Tuguegarao PACUCOA LEVEL IV ACCREDITED PROGRAMS:

LYCEUM OF APARRI Liberal Arts, Business Administration, Secondary Education

AWARENESS LEVEL OF GRADE 11 STUDENTS

Maria Ella Mae D. Batalla

Patricia Mae O. Frayalde

Mara Zeiane G. Ubias

Rizzah Mei Castillo

May 20, 2020

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Teenage years are the years where teenagers are prone to

temptation which also includes experimentation and risk taking.

These yeas are the years of transition between childhoods to

adulthood. “Health is wealth” says an old adage but some

teenagers don’t really give importance to their health. It became

their least priorities taking care of themselves because they

thought their immune system is strong enough to fight all

in with the social pressure that surrounds them. Their urge to

fit in becomes a gateway that leads them in getting ill. Emerging

cognitive possibilities and social experiences are some reasons

that make teens question their adult values resulting to their

urge to experiment with health risk behaviours. Some behaviors

are likely to threaten current health, while other behaviours may

have long-term health consequences. Teenage year will also become

challenging to teens when they are suffering from pregnancy,

substance abuse, violence, suicide, depression, unintentional

injuries, and school failure. Parents are often unaware of what

their children are suffering in which they set a tightrope

between allowing them to have some independence on what and how

they want to be, and in helping them to overcome all the

challenges and difficulties, they face.

According to a study conducted by the World Health

Organization, in a 1.2 billion people around the world, 1 out of

6 is adolescent aged from 10 to 19. Among these adolescents, 1.1

million died in 2016 and mostly from treatable causes. In the

year 2016, road injuries became the leading cause of death in

adolescents. Other major causes also include suicide,

interpersonal violence, HIV/AIDS, and diarrheal diseases. Mental

health problems also contribute a large number of cases that

affects the health of the teenagers. Half of the mental disorders

usually start at the age of 14 and are still undetected and/or

untreated. According to a report, factors such as poor diet, lack

of exercise and risky sexual behavior has a great impact on a

person’s life, in which it usually begins in adolescence that

should be seriously taken into

Researchers have made this study to determine how aware the

students about the different factors that causes diseases that

usually affects their health that results to deaths, mortality,

and morbidity. Hence, it could also help raise their awareness

them taking care of themselves.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

of the Grade 11 students in Lyceum of Aparri about the various

whole-being. Specifically, it tries to answer the following:

1. Demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

2. Level of awareness of the students to the different causes of

diseases according to:

c. Infectious risk factors

3. Level of awareness of the respondents to the negative habits

of students that affect their health.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The importance of knowing the level of awareness of the

student towards the different cause of diseases is important

because their awareness reflects to their attitudes in dealing