Introduction to the Philosophy

of the Human Person

Environment
Quarter 1-Module 7
 Books:
1. Ramos, Christine Carmela R., PhD., Introduction to the
Philosophy of the Human Person, 2nd Edition. Philippines:
REX B

PREPARED BY:

Name of Teacher : MICHAEL G. FABIA Et. al

Position : Teacher II

School: Judge Jose De Venecia Senior Technical Vocational

Secondary School.

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11. In studies it reveal that the higher the income, there is ENVIRONMENT
substantial change in consumption on patterns.Which result in
_____ carbon footprint
A. Lower After reading this module, the learners will be able to
B. Average know the role of humans in the environment in times of orderli-
ness and disorders.
C. No
D. Higher This module aims to
12. What does humanity need to develop based on individual 4.1 Notice disorder in an environment PPT11/12-Ii-4.1
responsibility?
A. Care only for indigenous people 4.2 Notice things that are not in their proper place and organize
them in and aesthetic way.PPT11/12-Ii-4.2
B. Willingness to change
C. Ecological Conscience 4.3 Show that care for the environment contributes to health,
D. Freedom of decision making well-being and sustainable development. PPT11/12-Ij-4.3
13. The following are effects of global warming EXCEPT: 4.4 Demonstrate the virtues of prudence and frugality towards
A. Soil Erosion environment. PPT11/12-Ij-4.4
B. Famine
C. Typhoons .
D. Green grass Lands In doing this module, the following
are some reminders:
14. All of the following are true of indigenous tribes EXCEPT: 1. Take the pretest before
A.. Deprived of attribution, remuneration and respect
B. Freedom to do all things answering the module.
C. Limited resources like Lands 2. Read the instructions carefully
D. Do not have enough compensation for living
15. What are the positive traits of human in relation to the before doing each task.
environment? 3. Answer all the exercises.
A. Narcissism and attention seeker
4. Take the posttest.
B. Responsible and Caring
C. Selfish and Bias 5. Use a separate sheet in
D. Messy
answering all the activities.

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 6. The following are the 3Rs concept EXCEPT:
A. Reduce
B. Reuse
Direction: Encircle the correct answer. C. Recycle
D. Repair
1. What do pre-Socratic philosophers represent?
A. Physical Shift
7. All of the following are the functions of Fromm’s envisioned
B. Spiritual Shift
society except:
C. Paradigm Shift
A. Being fully present where one is
D. Medieval Shift
B. Be greedy and dependent
2. Paradigm Shift pertains to all Except for C. Joy comes from giving and sharing, not from hoarding
A. It is a change in worldview and exploiting
B. The change from mythical explanation of the origins D. Shedding one’s narcissism
of the cosmos to a more rational explanation
C. Listening to the stories about gods 8. Who among are the former presidents envisioned Philippines
D. Scientists wanted to understand scientific progress 2020 that initiate the economic reforms?
by studying nature A. Joseph E. Estrada
B. Fidel V. Ramos
3. The following are true about Lao Tzu Except for
C. Benigno Aquino III
A. He claimed that weakness can overcome strength
D. Mar A. Roxas II
B. He believed that physical world and its relationship
with men’s behavior and fellowmen
9. What did the 2007 United Nations Declaration on the Rights
C. He has a big impact on Buddhism
of Indigenous People grants the indigenous people?
D. He compared the way to water, heaven, emptiness
A. The right to conservation, restoration and protection
of vessel, color, music and weakness
of total environment
4. What is the Taoist goal? B. Free medical benefits
A. A philosophy of negation C. Scholarship for all the youths
B. Philosophy to be in a partial point of view D. Health benefits to all the people
C. To become one with all things and coexist with Heav 10. Natural world has intrinsic value. What is intrinsic?
en and Earth A. Instinct
D. Transformation of nature in an aesthetic ways B. Innate
C. External
D. Definite

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 5. What is an egocentric model? Except:
A. Based on relational integrity of humans that provides
meaning to our morals and values
B. Is a premise that humans are essential
C. It occurs in past, present and future and environment
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
settings
1. One of the modern thinkers is Immanuel Kant. All of
D. It highlights the ecological of humans
which are true Except:
A. Symbol of Morality Beauty 6. What are the global/technological aspect we are using at pre-
B. Ignore any practical motive sent in the 21st Century? Except for:
C. Founder of Taoist School of thought A. Innovation
D. His third critique is Critique of Judgment B. Wireless WIFI
2. The following are true regarding the ecocentric model C Paper and pencil
Except D. E-learning book
A. Love, respect, admiration for nature are essential
7. The following pertains to a mind category Except for
B. Land preserved with integrity, stability and beauty
A. Knowledge
C. Land considered as instrumental mode of
B. Ideas
production
C. Skills
D. Puts the ecosystem first
D. Thoughts
3. What is true of biocentrism?
8. Valuing the environment in various means are the following
A. Humans are not the only essential but all organisms
Except for:
have inherent value
A. Relaxation
B. Human centered
B. Satisfaction
C. Human has the only significant role in the universe
C. Calm
D. Abuse of nature is a normal thing
D. Social Isolation
4. What is the environmental theory that says whatever
superior is entitled to whatever is interior? 9. How are we destroying nature?
A. Ecofeminism A. Preservation
B. Social Ecology B. Reproduction
C. Deep Ecology C. Flashfloods
D. Anthropocentric Model D. Moral ways
5. What is the environmental theory that emphasizes 10. Environmentalist considers the following Except for:
ecological crisis results from authoritarian social structures? A. Surroundings
A. Deep Ecology B. Ecological realities
B. Social Ecology C. Moral and Ethical
C. Ecofeminism D. Partial point of view
D. Ecocentric Model
22 3
11. An anthropocentric model describes _____.
A. Domination of humanity is linked to domination of na-
ture
B. Provides meaning to our morals and values
C. Has something to do in environmental settings with
regard to our identifications and relations Framework of Nature:
D. It is a view of technological issues 1. Anthropocentric Model
12. A land should not _____ 2. Ecocentric Model
A. Preserved with integrity, stability and beauty
B. Preserved for self profit Ancient Philosophers
C. Taken care of for the good of all 1. Milesians
D. Satisfy only few ones 2. Anacimander
13. What is an ecological conscience? 3. Pythagoras
A. It is based on individual responsibility.
B. Being not practical in spend of money. Modern Thinkers
C. Being luxurious in our lives. 1. Immanuel Kant
D. Does not honor the other life forms. 2. Herbert Marcus
3. George Herbert Mead
14. Listed below are the disorders of environment Except
A. Destruction of property Environmental Theories:
B. Landslides 1. Deep Ecology
C. Poverty 2. Social Ecology
D. Rainy Season 3. Ecofeminism
15. What should a human demonstrate in sustaining the devel-
opment of an environment?
A. Prudence and Frugality
B. Selfish
C. Be deceiving
D. Freedom for own gain

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Direction: Identify whether the statements are TRUE or
FALSE.
_____1. Boundless means there is a boundary between
warm and cold regions.
_____2. Cosmogony explains the evolution of the universe
started with the generation of opposites.
_____3. Milesians is considered one of the modern thinkers.
_____4. Cosmophilia is the love for other fellow living things.
_____5. Celibacy is unethical way of life.
_____6. Harmony and beauty are nature’s order.
_____7. According to Chinese belief there is a primeval pair
that is yang and yin where all events in the universe follows.
_____8. Immanuel Kant expressed that beauty is a symbol of
morality.
_____9. Respectful dignity is of essential by Immanuel Kant.
_____10. Mt. Qiyun garden serves as a symbol of Buddhism.
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Human Person in the Environment
“What is the world made of?” How did the world come
into being?” and “How can we explain the process of
change?” were philosophical questions already brought up
approximately 600 BCE in the Western Ionian seaport town of
Miletus across the Aegean Sea from Athens, Greece.
Because Ionia was a meeting place between the East and the
West, Greek philosophy has Oriental as well as Egyptian and
Babylonian influences. In both East and West, philosophers
asked questions about the universe and where earth is in its
vastness.
Eastern sages - probed nature’s depths intuitively through the
eyes of spiritual sages.
Greek thinkers - viewed nature through cognitive and
scientific eyes (Price, 2000).
Pre-Socratic philosophers - paradigm shift
Paradigm shift - change from mythical explanation of the
origins of the cosmos to more rational explanation.
- change in worldview
- change in how reality, truth and facts are
viewed.
Example: Catholic Church and medieval scholars mistakenly
thought that the world was flat, until Magellan and age of
exploration proved it wrong.
- These philosophers looked for the underlying laws of
nature and not listen to stories about gods.
Pre-Socratic philosophers - represent the first intellectual
and scientific attempt to understand the origins of the
universe.
5
 Matching Type
Lao Tzu - Founder of Taoist School of Thought
Match Column A to Column B
- philosopher of nature (physical world and its
relationship with men’s behavior and with his fellowmen)
Colum A
He compared the Tao or The way to water, heaven,
_____1. Chuang Tzu
emptiness of a vessel, color, music and flavor, and even to
_____2. Lao Tzu
weakness.
_____3. Ecocentric Model
Example: Weakness can overcome strength
_____4. Anthropocentric Model
Earth’s softest substance namely water, can erode
_____5. Taoist goal
the hardest substance.
_____6. Ecological Conscience
Taoist Goal? Become one with all things and to coexist with
_____7. Diversity
Heaven and Earth.
_____8. Anthropocentric Attitude
_____9. Greenhouse gases
_____10. Pre-Socratic Philosophers

Column B
A. Relational integrity of humans
B. Most eloquent representative of Taoist School
C. Become one with all things
D. Founder of Taoist School of thought
E. Humans are the center of universe
F. Carbon dioxide, fluoride
G. Human claims ownership
H. Paradigm shift over land
I. Different ways of humans
J. Individual responsibilities
K. Become one with all things and coexist with Heaven and
Source: https://excellencereporter.com/2018/12/26/lao-tzu-
Earth
on-humility-and-pride/

6 19
President Fidel V. Ramos - Philippines 2020 Chuang Tzu - most eloquent representative of the Taoist
• initiate economic reforms ASEAN (Association of South- school.
east Asian Nations. Beliefs:
• Economic Community. - nourishing nature, returning to destiny and enjoying nature
• Examines modernization of the research and develop- - transformation to things themselves
ment (R&D). His impact on Buddhism - development of Zen School Wu-Wei
• Productivity performance (non-doing) and oneness with nature.
• Economic integration
• Technology policies
• Institutional structure/arrangement

3Rs Concept
Reduce
Reuse
Recycle

Reassess growth first strategy Fromm (2013) - pro-

posed new society encourages human person to demonstrate
ways on how to practice virtues of prudence and frugality to-
wards environment.

We must take care of our environment. We humans

are the ones responsible in our nature.

Remember in order for our life to be holistic there

should be a balance.

REUSE
REDUCE
RECYCLE Source: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/192177109075421672/

18 7
 According to Payne (2009) there are two types of con-
cepts of nature Modern Thinkers
1. Anthropocentric Model - humans are superior and center 1. Immanuel Kant - “beauty is ultimately a symbol of morali-
of the universe, so it is human centered. ty (goodness). He believes that the orderli-
ness of nature and the harmony of nature
with our faculties guide us toward a deeper
Human Calculative
religious perspective.”
Culture Human
over/
Individual- against en-
ism vironment Source: https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog597i_02/
Mind node/697
Global/
technologi-
2. Herbert Marcuse - said about the power of humans over
cal
nature.
Source: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-
51276656

Anthropocentric Model Source: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Herbert-

Marcuse

3. George Herbert Mead - tackled about our duties and re-

sponsibilities.
Source: https://
sw.birmiss.com/mfumo
-biolojia-kiini-cha-
dhana-na-kuu-tabia/
Source: https://www.quotationof.com/george-h-mead.html

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Ancient Thinkers
1. Anaximander - a pre-Socratic philosopher and scientist The domination of hu-
said about the Creation-Destruction. manity is linked to the
According to him, the sketch of the domination of nature
genesis of the world (cosmology), the based on the anthropo-
evolution of the world begins with the
centric model. An unfair
generation of opposites in a certain
or unjust utilization of the
region Nature. Nature is indetermi-
environment results in
nate-boundless in the sense that no
ecological crises and dis-
boundaries between the warm and or
QUARRYING asters. From this view, it
the moist and dry regions are origi-
follows that human arro-
nally present within.
Source: https://www.examrace.com/Study-Material/ gance toward nature is
Philosophy/Early-Greek-Philosopher-Anaximander-YouTube- justifiable in order to sat-
Lecture-Handouts.html isfy human interests.
Sometimes, humans
2. Pythagoras - “universe is a living embodiment of nature’s adopt an exploitative atti-
order, harmony and beauty.” tude whenever nature is
- He sees our relationship with the uni- merely considered as an
verse involving biophilia (love of other liv- instrument for one’s prof-
ing things) and cosmophilia (love of other it.
living beings). KAINGIN
Sources:
https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1289811/into-
the-very-dark-depths-of-quarrying
https://www.flickr.com/photos/stefansprograms/393666184
Source: https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/669980882043540937/

16 9
 Zimmerman (1994), Elgin (2009), and Pettman (2012)
exposed the environmental consequence of international po-
litical-economic specialization for specific countries and global
regions.
Disorder in the Universe:
- Abuse of nature
- environmental Impact of Instrumentalism
Research also shows the implications for both abuses
of natural resources and of the generation of wastes and
emissions. Numerous concepts and indicators have been
used to understand environmental impact such as carbon
footprint (CF). For instance, the emission of greenhouse gas-
es, such as carbon dioxide, methane, fluoride, and nitrous
oxide are part of the production of goods and services con-
sumed in many countries. Studies reveal that the higher the
income there is a substantial change in consumption patterns
resulting to higher CF.
Source: https://www.footprintnetwork.org/content/images/
article_uploads/Philippines_Footprint_Report_2012.pdf
10
3. Ecofeminism
It is also called ecological femi-
nism, branch of feminism that examines
the connections between women and
nature. Its name was coined by French
feminist Francoise d’Eaubonne in 1974.
In this view whatever is
“superior” is entitled to whatever is
“inferior”.
A philosophical idea that com-
bines feminism and ecology concerns,
emphasizing that both suffer from their treatment by a male
dominated society.
Comes from the idea that women and nature have sig-
nificant connection, since women most often have a close
association with nature in many societies due to the nature of
their traditional roles.
Source: http://proutistuniversal.info/?attachment_id=1415
15
Three theories of Ecocentric Model
1. Deep Ecology
- ecological philosophy developed by
Norwegian philosopher Arne Naess in
early 1970s.
- ideas promote intimate and all-
embracing relationship between the
earth and human species.
Ecological Crisis - outcome of anthropo-
centrism.
Anthropocentrism - humanity claims
ownership or authority over the land.
- believes that living environment should
be responded, rights to flourish.
Source: https://ugapress.org/author/arne-naess/
2. Social Ecology
- critical social theory founded by Ameri-
can anarchist and Libertarian socialist
author Murray Bookchin.
Ecological Crisis - results from authori-
tarian social structures.
- destroying nature by overpowering oth-
ers while exploiting the environment for
profit or gain.
- conceptualized as a critique of current
social, political and anti-ecological
trends.
Source: https://climateandcapitalism.com/2013/10/30/defense
-murray-bookchin/
14
Carbon footprint categories
1. Construction 5. Mobility
2. Shelter 6. Manufactured goods
3. Food 7. Services
4. Clothing 8. Trade
Humanity needs to develop an “ecological con-
science” based on individual responsibility. Ecologists chal-
lenge us to adapt a lifestyle that involves simple living that
honors the right of all life forms to live, flourish, and create a
rich diversity of human and nonhuman life. For ecologists, the
right to live and blossom should not only be for human beings
but must also be valid to all forms of life. This belief stems
from an awareness of our dependence to other forms of life,
not buying a master-slave relationship.
2007 United Nations Declaration on the Rights of In-
digenous Peoples grants the indigenous people “the right to
conservation, restoration, and protection of the total environ-
ment and the productive capacity of their lands, territories,
and resources, as well as the assistance for this purpose from
states and through international cooperation.” The relation-
ship of the indigenous people with the environment is, thus,
spiritually and materially strengthened (Ramiscal, 2012).
11
Some effects of Anthropocentric Model 2. Ecocentric Model
In preservation of the environment the identifications
relations and attachments of totality of the Earth’s biodiversi-
ty.
Nature Body
Wild Relational
Holism Earth/wisdom
Nature/cosmos Ecology over/against humans

EARTH POLLUTION SOIL EROSION

GLOBAL WARMING Source: https://

europe-
ansting.com/2020/01/18/we-
must-move-from-egocentric-
to-ecocentric-leadership-to-
safeguard-our-planet/
Three major views:
1. Anthropocentrism - focus! Significant role of humankind in
FAMINE STRONGER TYPHOONS the world and nature as means by which humans able to
meet their needs and survive.
Sources: 2. Biocentrism - humans are not the only important species
https://www.permaculturenews.org/2017/08/23/pollution-taken and all organisms have inherent value and should be protect-
-earth/ ed.
https://greentumble.com/the-most-important-effects-of-soil- - this view advocates ethical treatment of animals.
erosion-on-biodiversity/ 3. Ecocentrism - great value on ecosystems an d biological
https://gmsciencein.com/2019/04/04/1943-bengal-famine/ communities.
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/10/12/us/typhoon-cyclone- - human part of greater biological system on community.
hurricane-difference.html - significant role as stewards or guardians of nature.

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