11

Pre-Calculus
Quarter 2 – Module 8:
Tri gonometri c Equati ons
Pre-Calculus – Grade 11
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 2 – Module 8: Trigonometric Equations
First Edition, 2020

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Writers: Hannih Lou T. Bantilan
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 11

Pre-Calculus
Quarter 2 – Module 8:
Trigonometric Equations
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Grade 11 Pre-Calculus Self-Learning Module (SLM) on

Trigonometric Equations

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators

both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in
helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while
overcoming their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration
their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies
that will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to
manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

i
For the learner:

Welcome to the Grade 11 Pre-Calculus Self-Learning Module (SLM) on Circular

Functions!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a
learner is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant
competencies and skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in
your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities
for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be
enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while being an active
learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in
the module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of

the lesson. This aims to help you discover
and understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or

ii
 skill into real life situations or concerns.

Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your

level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of
the lesson learned. This also tends retention
of learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of
the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning
and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do i

iii
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the trigonometric equations. The scope of this module permits it to be used
in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is comprised of the following lessons:

 Solving Trigonometric Equations

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. solve trigonometric equations
(STEM_PC11T-IIh-i-1);
2. solve situational problems involving trigonometric equations
(STEM_PC11T-II-I-2);

1
 What I Know

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.
√
1. What value of will satisfy the trigonometric equation
a. c.

b. d.

2. How many possible solutions does .

a. c.

b. d.

3. All are possible solutions of

a. c.
b. d.
4. What value of x is true to all 3 trigonometric equations:
√ , and
a. . c.
b. d.

5. has an equivalent equation of ___________

a. ( c. (
b. ( d. (

6. has a complete solution of ________________.

a. , c. ,
b. , d. ,

7. If is the current (in amperes) in an alternating current circuit at

time (in seconds), find the smallest exact value of for which
if and .
a. c.
b. d.
8. One of the following choices is a solution of the trigonometric equation
=0. Which one is it?
a. c.
b. d.

2
 9. What should be added to a solution of trigonometric equations that
involves two-period interval?
a. c.
b. d.

10. What should be added to a solution of trigonometric equations

that involves one-period interval?
a. c.
b. d.

Matching Type. Match the trigonometric equation in column A with one of its
solutions on Column B. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

Column A Column B

11. √ a.

12. ( ) b.

c.
13. ( )
d.
14.

15. e.

f.

3
 Lesson
Solving Trigonometric
1 Equation
Any equation that involves trigonometric expressions is called a
trigonometric equation. To “solve an equation” means to find all the
solutions of the equation.

In this module you will be learning how to solve trigonometric

equations and solve situational problems that involves trigonometric
equations.

What’s In

Recall the table of trigonometric values of special angles in the unit

circle, trigonometric identities and formulas. These will help you answers
problems involving trigonometric equations.

Angles 0
in
Radian

Angles 0 30 45 60 90 120 135 150 180 210 225 240 270 300 315 330 360
in
Degree

Sin 0 √ 1 √ 0 √ 1 √ 0
√ √ √ √
Cos 1 √ 0 √ 1 √ 0 √ 1
√ √ √ √
Tan 0 1 √ UD √ - 1 0 1 √ U D √ - 1 0
√ √ √ √
UD- Undefined

TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

RECIPROCAL IDENTITIES PYTHAGOREAN IDENTITIES

𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙 𝟏
𝑥
𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝑥
𝑥 𝟏 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝒙 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝟐 𝒙
𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝟏 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝟐 𝒙 𝒄𝒔𝒄𝟐 𝒙

4
 TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

DOUBLE-ANGLE IDENTITIES HALF-ANGLE IDENTITIES

𝑥
x 𝑥 𝑥 x x
𝑥 ±

x 𝑥 𝑥
x x
𝑥 ±
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 x x 𝑥 𝑥
±
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
x
𝑥
𝑥 SUM IDENTITIES
x
x 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦

𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
QUOTIENT IDENTITIES 𝑥 𝑦
𝑥 𝑦
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑦
x x
𝑥 𝑥
DIFFERENCE IDENTITIES
CO-FUNCTION IDENTITIES 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
𝜋
( 𝑥) 𝑥 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦 𝑥 𝑦
𝑥 𝑦
𝜋 𝑥 𝑦
( 𝑥) 𝑥 𝑥 𝑦

𝜋
( 𝑥) 𝑥
EVEN-ODD IDENTITIES
𝜋
( 𝑥) 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝜋 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
( 𝑥) 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
𝜋
( 𝑥) 𝑥

5
 What’s New

Many animal populations, such as that of rabbits, fluctuate over ten-

year cycles. Suppose that the number of rabbits at time t (in years) is given
by

Question:
For what value values of t does the rabbit population exceed 4500
when

The answer for this problem is between 0 years to years ( )

and from up to years ( ).

In the proceeding lesson, you will be learning the basics of solving

trigonometric equations and solve situational problems that involve
trigonometric equations.

What is It

A. SOLVING TRIGONOMETRIC EQUATION

When you are trying “to solve an equation”, this means that you will
find all the solutions that will make the equation true. Here, unless stated
as angles measured in degrees, we mean solutions of the equations that are
real numbers (or equivalently, angles measured in radian.

Before going to the first example, take note of the following tips in
solving trigonometric equations:

1. If the equation contains only one trigonometric term, isolate that

term, and solve for the variable.
2. If the equation is quadratic in form, we may use factoring, finding
the square roots, or the quadratic formula.

6
 3. Rewrite the equation to have 0 on one side, and then factor (if
appropriate) the expression on the other side.
4. If the equation contains mote that one trigonometric function, try
to express everything in terms of one trigonometric function. Here,
identities are useful.
5. If half or multiple angles are present, express them in terms of a
trigonometric expression of a single angle, except when all angles
involved have the same multiplicity wherein, in this case, retain the
angle. Half-angle and double- angle identities are useful in
simplification.

A.1 Equations with one term

Example 1. Solve the equation .

Solution:

Given

Add 1 to both sides

Divide both sides with 2

Equivalent equation

Solve for x

and Using the table of trigonometric

values or solving with scientific

calculator in radian

Note:

 For , the solution of are (this is in Q1

and (in Q2).
 Any angle that is co terminal with or will also be a solution of the
equation.
 Because the period of sine and cosine function is , the complete
solution of the equation are
and , for all integer k.

7
Example 2. Solve the equation .
Solution:
Given
Add 3 to both sides

Divide both sides with 3

Equivalent equation
Solve for x
Using the table of trigonometric

values or solving with scientific

calculator in radian
Note:
 Tangent function is a one-period interval so the complete
solution for this trigonometric equation is
, for all integer k.

A.2. equations with two or more terms

Example 3. Solve the equation .
Solution:
Given
Add on both sides
Factors
Solve each factor

, Using the table of trigo values

or solving with scientific

calculator in radian
Solutions:

, + , +

8
Example 4. Solve for .
Solution
Given
Add on both sides
Sine Double-angle Identity
Factor

, ,

Solutions:

0, , , ,

Example 5. Solve for .

Solution
Given
Pythagorean Identity
Distribution; Add on both sides

Combine like terms

Divide/Multiply both sides by -1

Factoring Quadratic

Solve each Factor

x Values from Trigo table or by

, using a scientific calculator

Solutions: , ,

9
Example 6. Solve

Solution:

( )

* ( )+

x no solution

x , x

Solutions : x , x

B. SOLVING SITUATIONAL PROBLEM INVOLING TRIGONOMETRIC

EQUATIONS

Example 7. A weight is suspended from a spring and vibrating vertically according

to the equation

( ( ))

where centimetres is the directed distance of the weight form the central
position at seconds, and the positive distance means above its central position.
(1) At what time is the displacement of the weight 5 cm below its central
position for the first time?
(2) For what values of does the weight reach its farthest point below its
central position?

10
Solution:

(1) We find the least positive value of such that

( ( ))

( ( ))

There are two families of solutions in this equation.

 ( ( ))

( ( ))

( ( )) ,

( ( ))

( )

In this family of solutions, the least positive value of

happens when and this is

 ( ( )) ,

( ( ))

( )

11
 Here, the least positive value of happens when and this is

(2) The minimum value happens when and only when the minimum

value of ( ) is reached. The minimum value of ( ) is -

1, which implies that the farthest point the weight can reach below its
central position is 20 cm. Thus, we need to solve for all values of such

that ( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

Therefore, the weight reaches its farthest point (which is 20 cm)

below its central position at for every integer

12
 What’s More

A. In this activity you will be required to supply the missing step or

data in solving the trigonometric equation below.
1. Solve: .
Solution:

a.

b.

c. ,

Solutions:
e. , d. +

2. If + , Solve the equation: √

Solution:
√
f.

g.

i.

√
h. j.
√

k.

Solutions:
l.

13
B. Solve the following trigonometric problem. Show your solution on the box
provided.
3. Solve for all possible solution of .

4. If , what is/are the solution/s of the trigonometric equation

C. Problem Solving. Solve the given trigonometric problem. Use a scientific

calculator to approximate the answer on the nearest hundred thousandths. Use
the box provided for your solution.
The voltage V (in volts) coming from an electricity distributing company
is fluctuating according to the function at time in
seconds.
(5). Determine the first time it takes to reach 300 volts.
(6). For what values of t does the voltage reach its maximum value?

14
 What I Have Learned

Based on the concepts that you learn from this module, complete all the
following sentences.
1. The equation that contains trigonometric expressions is called __________.
2. To get the complete solution of trigonometric equation involving sin and
cosine, you need to add _________________ since sin and cosine functions
have two period intervals.
3. To get the complete solution of trigonometric equation involving tangent
function you need to add _________________ since tangent functions have one
period interval.
4. When the equation is in quadratic form, we can use __________________,
_______________________, __________________ to solve for the variable.

What I Can Do

This section involves real-life application of the concept of solving

trigonometric equations.
1. Cite a problem that involves a trigonometric equation. Show its complete
solution and share/ post it in a social media sites such as facebook, instagram,
etc.

Solution:

15
 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

16. What value of will satisfy the trigonometric equation

√

a. c.

b. d.

17. How many possible solutions does .

a. c.

b. d.

18. All are possible solutions of

a. c.
b. d.
19. What value of x is true to all 3 trigonometric equations:
√ , and
a. . c.
b. d.

20. has an equivalent equation of ___________

a. ( c. (
b. ( d. (

21. has a complete solution of ________________.

a. , c. ,
b. , d. ,

22. If is the current (in amperes) in an alternating current

circuit at time (in seconds), find the smallest exact value of for
which if and .
a. c.
b. d.
23. One of the following choices is a solution of the trigonometric
equation =0. Which one is it?
a. c.
b. d.

16
 24. What should be added to a solution of trigonometric equations
that involves two-period interval?
a. c.
b. d.

25. What should be added to a solution of trigonometric equations

that involves one-period interval?
a. c.
b. d.

Matching Type. Match the trigonometric equation in column A with one of its
solutions on Column B. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

Column A Column B

26. √ g.

27. ( ) h.

i.
28. ( )
j.
29.

30. k.

l.

Additional Activities

This section includes supplementary activities related to solving

trigonometric equation.

1. Intensity of Sunlight. On a clear day with D hours of daylight, the

intensity of sunlight I (in calories/ cm2) may be approximated by
for
where corresponds to sunrise and is the maximum intensity.
If approximately how many hours after sunrise is ?

17
 18
What I Know What's More What I Learned
1. b 1. a. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 1. Trigonometric
2. d b. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 equation
3. c 𝜋 2. 𝑘 𝜋
4. c c. 𝑥 3. 𝑘 𝜋
5. d d. 𝑘 𝜋 4. Factoring,
6. a 𝜋 completing the
7. d
e. square and
8. b quadratic formula
9. a
10. b 2. f. 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 √ 𝑥
11. a
12. d g. 𝑥 𝑥 √
13. b
14. f h. 𝑥
15. c
i. 𝑥 √
𝑥 √
j.
√
k. 𝑥
Assessment
𝜋 𝜋
1. b
l. 𝜋
2. d
3. c
4. c 3. 𝑥 𝜋 𝑘 𝜋 ,
5. d 𝜋
6. a 𝑥 𝑘 𝜋
7. d
8. b 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
4. ,
9. a
10. b
11. a
5. 𝑡 𝑠𝑒𝑐
12. d
13. b 6. 𝑡 𝑘 𝑠𝑒𝑐
14. f
15. c
Additional Activities
𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡
Answer Key
References

“Advanced Algebra and Trigonometry and Statistics”, Bernabe, J. Dilao, S. And

Orines F. (2005) JTW Corporation, 1281 Gregorio Araneta Avenue, Queson
City, Philippines.
“Algebra and Trigonometry with Analytic Geometry”. Cole. J. Thomson Asian
Edition. Thomson Brooks/ Cole Press Inc.

Department of Education- Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) (2016) Pre

Calculus Teacher’s Material. Lexicon Press Inc., Philippines

19
 EDITOR’S NOTE
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd
SOCCSKSARGEN with the primary objective of preparing for and addressing
the new normal. Contents of this module were based on DepEd’s Most
Essential Learning Competencies (MELC). This is a supplementary material
to be used by all learners of SOCCSKSARGEN Region in all public schools
beginning SY 2020-2021. The process of LR development was observed in
the production of this module. This is Version 1.0. We highly encourage
feedback, comments, and recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – SOCCSKSARGEN
Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 228 8825 / (083) 228 1893
Email Address: region12@deped.gov.ph