Education and

Student Life

In this Conversation
On a College CampuS
CHAPTER
Lecture
Academic Honesty

Getting Meaning from Context

Conversations on a College Campus

Real-World Task
Locations
Understanding and Describing

Connecting to the Topic

dPaueadion is not the 1 What are these students celebrating?

ilng of bucket but

a
2 Tell about one happy event during your high school or university years.

the lighting ofa fire. 3What the steps to getting a university degree
are
in your country

What about a Master's or Ph.D.?

Wiliam Butder Yeats
Jrish poet and dramatist
(1865-1939)
 PART Conversation
Cultural Note
In conversational American English, the words college and university mean the samne

On a College Campus thing. Example:

A: Hey. Bob, where did you go to college?
Before You Listen B: Boston University. And you?

In the following conversation, you will hear people talking on a college campus.
Prelistening Questions Discuss these questions in small groups.
1. Look at the picture. Describe what's happening What is the young woman
probably asking?
2. Do these students know each other? How do you know?
A: UCLA
A college or a university is a place where students go after high school to continue
their education. In the U.S. t normally takes four years to finish college and receive
a degree (diploma). Some colleges, called "community colleges are two-year
schools where students study basic courses. Many students transfer from there to a
fouryear college/university to complete their degrees.

3. What is probably going to happen?

Previewing Vocabulary Listen to the
underlined words and phrases from the
conversation. Then use the context to match them with their definitions.

Sentencees Definitions

lo open a bank account, you have a. building where

to show identification. students live
2. My name is Elizabeth, or Liz b. a student's field or area of
for short. study at a university
His major is electrical to write the answers to
engineering.
Derek works out at a gym three questions on a form or
times a week. application
. My dormitory is about five minutes d. a document, such as a
trom the Student Center. passport, that shows
0. The secretary asked who you are
me to fill
out some torms. e. to hurry, go fast
. There's no need to rush. We have f. to exercise
plenty of time. 9. better than OK but
8. A: What did
you think of the game? not great
B: The team
played pretty well. h. as a nicknamee

Listen

3 Comprehension Questions Listen to the conversation. You don't need to

understand all the words. Just listen for the answers to these
questions. Atter you
listen, discuss you answers with a
partner.
1. Where is Mari?
Why is she there? 5. What is Mari's major? How
2. Who asks Mari for identification? about Yolanda?
3. Who is Yolanda? Where is she from? 6. Where is the gym?
4. Why does Mari have 7. What do the students plan to
a good accent
4 in English? do after the test?
CHAPTER 1

Education and Student Life 5

 Stress I can. pretty well,

but my- and writing are really

FocUS
information, such as nouns, verbs, and
words that carry
inspoken English, important here?
are Yolanda: I see. So, um, are you planning to go to
adjectives are usually stressed. This means they

higher louder spoken more clearly Mari: Yes,

correct pronunciation.
than other (unstressed) words. Stress is an important part of Yolanda: What's your
Listen to this example: administration. How about
Mari:
Could you tell me how to get to the gym?

the words tel. get, and gym are stressed.

In this example,
Yolanda: The .

Mari: Cool! How long have you been . here?

Listening for Stressed Words Listen to part of the conversation again. Yolanda: You mean at Faber .
Some of the stressed words are missing. During each pause, repeat the phrase or

sentence. Then fill in the missing stressed words.

Mari: Yeah.
Yolanda: This is my. semester.
Mari: me, is- seat taken?
Mari: Oh, so you know the - pretty wel?
Yolanda: Pardon?
Yolanda: Oh, yeah.
Mari: Is anyone here?
Could you - me how to
Mari:
Yolanda: Ah, no.
to the . ?I want to
Mari: Thanks. l'm. the test hasn't
go work after the
yet.I I was going
Yolanda: The P Yeah, it's next to the
be.
Center, - from the
Yolanda: Me too. I had to . here to be on
grad dorms.

. Im Yolanda, by the way.

Mari: Sorry... the -
Mari: Oh, you. Yolanda: The grad dorms. Um, the . for graduate
name is Mariko. Or just Mari, for students. Here, I can show you on the campus map.

Mari: That's OK, I.

Yolanda: Nice to meet you, Mari. . Want to go
Yolanda: I'm actually planning to go there,
Mari: are.
from?
Yolanda: New York. And
Mari: Sounds
Mari: Japan.
Check your answers using the listening script at the back of the book. Then read the
Yolanda: Really? Your English conversation with a partner. Pronounce stressed words louder, higher, and more clearly
is really good.
Mari: Oh, than unstressed words.
because my.
is American. We -
spoke English when I was

6 CHAPTER 1 Education and Student Life 7

 leave early tomorrow. This
2. Husband:
Reductions rush to catch the
morning I
FocUs bus, and I was almost late. work.

Reductions Wife: What time are you . leave?

often shortened, or reduced. For
not stressed are
In spoken English, words that are
But we say, "Cudja tell Husband: Around 7:30.
tell how to get to the gym?
example, we write: "Could you
me

the difference: 3. Lara: Ann, this is my friend Rachel.

me howda get ta the gym?" Listen
to

Reduced Pronunciation
Rachel: Nice
Unreduced Pronunciation
Where are you from?
could you Cudja
how to howda Ann: Toronto.
Rachel: Oh, you're Canadian?

are not slang. However, Right.

Heduced forms are a natural part of spoken English. Ihey Ann:
reduced forms are not acceptable spellings in written English.

After You Listen

6 Comparing Unreduced and Reduced Pronunciation The following to the following questions with
sentences are conversation. Listen for the difference between unreduced
from the
7Reviewing Vocabulary Discuss your answers
a partner. Use the underlined vocabulary in your answers.
and reduced pronunciation. Repeat both forms after the speaker.
1. If you are a college student, what is your major? If you are not a college student,
Unreduced Pronunciation Reduced Pronunciation what would you like to study?
1. I thought I was going to be late. I thought I was gonna be late. 2. What is your full name? Do you have a nickname that people call you for short?
2. I had to rush here to be on time. I hadta rush here to be on time. 3. Have you ever lived in a dormitory? If not, would you like to? Why or why not?
3. Nice to meet you. Nice ta meetcha. 4. Do you work out at a gym? How often? What exercises do you do?
4. What's your major? Whatcher major? 5. What kind of identification do you have to show before you can get on an
5. How about you? How boutchu? airplane?
6. You
6. How many forms did you have to fill out when you registered for your English
mean at Faber College? Ymean at Faber College?
course?
7. Could you tell me how to get to the Cudja tell me howda get ta the
7. Would you say that your English ispretty good?
gym 8ym
8. I want to go work out after the test. 8. Describe a time when you had to rush. What happened?
wanna go work out after the rest.

6Listening for Reductions Listen to the following conversations. You'll hear Using Language Functions
the reduced pronunciation of some words. Write the
unreduced forms of the
missing words in the blanks. FpCUS
1. Student: Hi. I'm here Asking for Clarificaticon
take the English placement test. If someone uses words you don't understand, you can signal that you don't understand
Teacher: OK.
by using one of the following expressions.
name
Student: Phailin Montri. Excuse me? What did you say? You mean...!

Pardon? What do you mean? What? Ginformal)

Teacher
spell that for me,
please? What was that? Huh? Cinformal)
Sorry?

8 CHAPTER 1
Education and Student Life
 turns telling your
Clarification Work in
small groups. lake
A s k i n g for from your tamily or culture. When
Cultural Note
custom, or tradition
classmates about a holiday,
need the speaker to
from the box if you
use expressions
it is your turn to listen,
Honor Code
explain, repeat, or define something. follow set of rules
the U.S. and Canada must promise to a
University students in

behavior. These rules called the "Academic Honor Code. Some

Example: about honest are
on New Year's Day. it.
it's customary to
have a parade every year universities ask students to read the honor code. Others require students to sign
A: In my city,
Here are some examples of honor codes from well-known universities:
B: What do you mean.. a parade:
and
of people in
costumes
celebration that includes groups violated the honor code during this examination.
A: It's apublic I pledge my honor that I have not
down the main street of a town or
city.
sometimes horses walking or riding - Princeton University
hcard of the Rose Parade?
For
example, have you cver
On my honor I have neither given nor received any unauthorized aid on this (exam.

B: What? test, paper)."- Rice University

1. You "On my honor as a University of Colorado student, I have neith given nor received
A: The Rose Parade. It's in Pasadena, California every year
on
January
can watch it on television. unauthorized assistance.-University of Colorado
"l am aware of what constitutes academic misconduct and the disciplinary actions that

may be taken against it, and agree

not to c h e a t . - University of British Columbia

PART 2 Lecture
OPrelistening Discussion Read the following situations. Ifyou think these
actions are okay to do, write +.It you think these actions are wrong. write

Academic Honesty Then discuss your responses with your classmates

1. Your classmate is looking at your paper during an exam. You let him see
to help each
your answers because you believe it's important for students
Before You Listen other. You also think that if the teacher catches him, your classmate will
be in trouble, not you.
On Mari's first day in a writing class, the professor explains the course syllabus and You find some interesting information on the Internet. You decide to
gives some important information about academic honesty. copy this information and include it in your essay.

3. Your English vocabulary and grammar are weak. To be sure that your
homework is correct, you ask your American neighbor to check and
correct your work.

2 Previewing Vocabulary You will hear the following words and phrases in the
lecture. Check ( ) the words you know. Discuss their meanings with a partner.

Nouns Verbs Adjective

penalty avoid paraphrase unique
plagiarism cite quote
quotation marks Cutand paste summarize
source
expect
syllabus get caught
term paper
givecredit

What are the young men

doing?
10 CHAPTER 1 Education and Student Life 11
 Listen
Strategy
Three Keys to Writing Effective Lecture Notes

Strategy Indentation Indent means "move your text to the right." Indent to show the

main ideas and specific details. Write main ideas next to the left
Lecture Content relationship between
Using the Introduction to Predict introduction, the body, and margin. Indent about 1.5 cm as information becomes more specific:
three main parts: the
Like an essay, a lecture usually has
to the introduction because it will
the conclusion. You should listen very carefully Main idea

uSualy have two important pieces of information: Detail

More Specific Detail
1. the topic of the lecture
write
2. a brief summary or list of the main ideas the speaker will
talk about
Key Words When you take notes, do not write every word, and do not
Instead,
sentences. write only the most important or "key" words. Key
a review of the last complete
Note: Lecturers often start their lectures with announcements,
words are usually nouns, verb, adjectives, and
adverbs.
lecture, or a It is
story. not necessary to take notes
usually on these things.
Abbreviations and Symbols You can save time if you abbreviate (shorten) words
symbols as much as possible. For example, write instead of
: "different
and use

"not the same." Write "info" instead of You create your

from or "information. can

Taking Notes on the Introduction Listen to the lecture introduction and fl own symbols and abbreviations or use those listed on page 262.
in the blanks.

General topic ot the lecture: . 4Taking Effective Lecture Notes Listen to the lecture. Take notes here.
Remember to write key words, indent, and abbreviate.

Main ideas that the speaker will talk about

the Three Keys to Taking Effective Lecture Notes Look

ldentifying
at the notes for the first part of the lecture written by two different students on
page 14. Which notes are better? Why? Which notes resemble yours more closely?

12 CHAPTER1

Education and Student Life 13

 STUDENT B
STUDENT A will be
Syllabus: lot of writing: four essays,
Intro Strategy
one term paper
A. Syllabus: lot of writing 4 essays, 1 term
Graphic Organizer: Venn Diagram
Academic honesty can help you compare
A Venn diagram
two topics. Nith a Venn diagram. you can s e e

paper are similar.

Types of checating how the topics are different and how they
B. Academic Honesty Topic 2
How to avoid clheating? Topic 1 Both Topics
1.
Types of cheating
What can happen if you get caught?
2. How to avoid
3. If caught? Tuypes ofcheating
copying test answers
I1. Types of cheating
USIng notes
A. copying test answ.

homework fom classnates

B. using notes copying
texting a n s w e r s
C.copying hw
D. texting answ. plagiarism means to borrow sentences, rules and customs related
7 Discussing the Lecture Compare your country's
paragraphs, ideas from others, without learned from the lecture. Topics to discuss:
E.
plagiarism =borrow sentences, parag, to academic honesty with the rules you
ideas trom others, w/o quotation or quotation or mentioning the source Common types of cheating
cut and paste from the web about cheating
SOurce high school or university rules
the meaning of plagiarism
e.g:-cut & paste rom web copy from book, newspaper, etc.
penalties for cheating
copy rom bk, newspaper, etc. buy essay online what teachers do to prevent cheating
-

buy essay onlinee ask friend or cousin to write yor reasons why students cheat

ask friend to write paper essay, including just sentences er Example:

Cultural differences: Asia, Middle East paragraphs In we cite sources in academic writing. The
don't have to
my coUItry, ln the
western cult: give credit to source Asia and Middle East have different ileas sources are well known, and v e
expect the reader to know the source.
U.S. and Canada, you have to cite your sources when you quote.
about cheating
western culture: U.S. Both Other Country:
you must give credit ti source

Compare your notes trom the second part of the lecture

with a
partner.
copy/pasting text copying
After You Listen dring
test

6 Reviewing Vocabulary Work in small groups. Look back at

list in Activity 2 on page 11. Quiz each other the vocabulary
on the terms
and their meanings.
Example:
Student A: What does "source"
mean?
Student B: A person or
place that your information came from.
Student C: That's correct.

14 CHAPTER 1 Education and Student Life 15

 On the Spot! Strategies for Better Listening and Speaking
PART3
Do?
What Would You
Context
Getting Meaning from
Situation course requirements w a s aa
was
class. One or tne FOCUS ON TESTING
Business Writing
Last year you took a
received an A.
paper and the
it is probably hard to understand all
on your
You worked hard
tenpage term paper. TOEFL IBT When you listen to people talking in English,
the same class. Your friend is a good idea of what they a r e saying. How? By
This year, a close friend
of yours is taking words. However, you can usually get a general
been sick, and he/she has been busy taking These clues include:
his/her mother has using clues that help you to guess.
student, but recently
brother and sister.
care of his/her younger words
last year. Ihere is a new
turn in your paper from
Your friend asks to copy and synonyms and paraphrasees
class, friend is sure the teacher will not recognize the paper.
professor for the so your transitions

stressed words
intonation
your paper? Why or why not?
1. Would you allow your friend to use
a speaker's tone of voicee
2. Do you think your friend could get caught? speakers, situation
your knowledge of the culture, or

3. If you are sure your friend will not be caught, will it change your decision? Many tests such as the TOEFL® BT measure your academic listening and speaking
4. Have you ever witnessed cheating? Describe. abilities. This activity, and others in the book, will develop your social and academic
conversation skills, and provide a foundation for success ona variety of standardized tests.
5. Have you ever askeda friend to copy a report or homework? Why or why not?
Using Context Clues
6.
Ifa person cheats in school, will this person also be dishonest in other
of life?
areas
The following conversations take place on a college campus.
1. Listen to the beginning of each conversation.
2. Listen to the question for each conversation. Stop the recording and choose the
best answer to each question.
3. In the Clues column, write the words that helped you choose your answer. Discuss
them with your teacher and classmates.
4. Listen to the last part of each conversation to hear the correct answer.

Answers Clues
1. A ) going to the post office posted, coming out, C
B their grades in a course
parents coming to visit
going to the beach

2. CHe doesn't like his major.

What types
OHe isn't going to
graduate
of on time.
cheating involve
technology? O His parents are disappointed.
When you're
"put on the
uncontortabie spot." O He's only
book, you question without you are asked to make a in his third
year.
much time to
Work with your classmates to solve
think about it.difficult decision or answe
In the On
16 CHAPTER 1 difficult the
problems or discussSpot! acti this
diffICune tuations.

Education and Student Life

 Clues Choose one
Answers Feelings Work with a partner.
2 Using Intonation To Express
of the sentences below.
3. A a
physician
1. I got 80% on my chemistry
test.
B ) a professor
2. Were having chicken for dinner again.
a student advisor
Your partner will say
sentences to your partner in four difterent ways.
D a teaching assistant Read your
to express each time.
which feeling you are trying
4. A The student wrote an
excellent essay. disappointed neutral
upser surprised
8 ) The student plagiarized a

large part of her essay.

it to your partner with difterent emotions. You
Now write your own sentence. Say
OThe studentis a very are
partner will guess which feeling you expressing
original writer.

) The student used tod

many words.
Using Language Function

FOCUS
Invitations
Making. Accepting. and Refusing
Focused Listening Read Sergei and Mark's conversation. How does Mark invite Sergei
invitation?
to accept or refuse the
to go out with him? What does Sergei say
FOCUS Sergei: Hello?

Getting Meaning from Intonation Mark: Hi, Sergei. How's it going?

Meaning comes not only from words, but also from the way English speakers use the:
voices. The tone (feeling) and rising or falling intonation of a speaker's voice can be Sergei: Pretty good, thanks. How
are you?
important clues. Listen to a short conversation. It will be repeated three times. Circle
the second speaker's feeling in each case. Mark: Good. Listen, I finished work

sad neutral
early, andl was wondering
1.
happy if you'd like to go play tennis
. sad
happy neutral
with me.
3. sad happy neutral
Sergei: When-tonight?
Mark: Yeah.
Sergei: Oh, Mark, thanks for asking.
Listening for Intonation Clues In the items that follow, you will hear
but I can't. I have to take
two conversations. Each of them is
spoken in two ways. Use the differences in care ot some things here at
intonation and tone to decide what the are speakers feeling. my apartment..
1a. A) happy 1b. happy
OR
disappointed disappointed Sergei: Sure! That sounds like fun!
neutral C) neutral

2a. A annoyed 2b. CA annoyed

calm B)calm
) disappointed
disappointed
18 CHAPTER 1 Education and Student Life 19
 Invitations Work
and Refusing
3 Making. Accepting, and Refusing Invitations Work with a partner.
Role-Play: Making, Accepting,
minutes) conversation about one
of the following
from the conversation. Add other expressions short (1-2
Complete this chart with expressions with partner. Write a
a it for the class
conversation several
times. Then, perform
that you know. situations. Practice your were talking on
back to back, as if you
without reading. You may
sit face to face or

Language Tip Inviting Accepting Refusing a cell phone.

B accepts
invites Speaker B to go out for pizza this evening. Speaker
To refuse the Thanks for asking, biut 1. Speaker A
I was wonderivng if Sure! That sounds
or refuses.
invitation, Scrgei youd like to.. like fun! texcusc) to watch a comedy film on
her dormitory
does not just 2. Speaker A invites Speaker B to his or
say, "No, thank
television. week.
you. "Instead, he next
his her graduation
gves a reason for 3. Speaker A invites Speaker B to or

or refuses it.
refusing. This kind it your partner accepts
invitation of your own and see
of reason (which Now make an

may or may

not be true) is
called an exCuse,
and refusing an
invitation this
Real-World Task
way is called
PART
4
making (or
giving) an excuse. Locations
Understanding and Describing

Before You Listen

Reviewing Compass
Points Studythe picture.

North

Northeast
Northwest

East
West

Southeast
Southwest

South

Life 21
Education and Student

20 CHAPTER 1
 Listen

of Location Write the numbers from the map next to the

Language Tip
2 Expressions
be
matching expressions on the list below. For some expressions, there may more The prepositions in, on, and at can be confusing. Look at these examples.
than one answer.
Examples Hints

on the northwest corner of Harris Avenue and Madison Street Tlive on Lakeside Drive. on +street
3.
The school is at 4909 Michigan Avenue. at + address
b. at the intersection of Harris and Madison
Washington University is in St. Louis. in +city, state, country
beside / next to the electronics store It is in Missouri.
across the street from the shoe store/ across from the shoe store It is in the United States.
on both sides ofthe street
f. in the middle of the block
in the middle of the street/intersection 3 Expressions of Location in Context Study the map of a college campus.
Read the names of the buildings and streets. Then listen to statements about the
n. between the coffee shop and the Indian restaurant
map. Write Tif a statement is true and Fif it is false, based on the map. You will
i. around the corner from the gas station
hear each statement twice.

2. 6.
Park Avenue
3. 7.
8.
+(7) Indian Restaurant

Georgia Street

Day Spa ) Electronics Store

Library Student
Faculty Parking
Parking
Lot 5.3 Student Lot 7
Parking Center
Coffee Shop
) Coffee Shop Orange Drive
Quad Auditorium
Sculpture
Harris Avenue Visitor Garden
Parking
Lot 11
Fine

LLLLL Parking I
DrugStore
H Drug Stor
Tennis
Courts
Alumni
Plaza
ns

TTTT Shoe Store

Computer
Science Gymnasium
Visitor
Gas Station ) Office Supply
Alhambra Avenue Parking
9 Lot 3
Stadium
Student
Park
Lot 5A

1st Avenue Ocean Boulevard

22 CHAPTER 1
Education and Student Life 23
 Expressions of
Location Write five
true
or false statements about
4Using 2 on page 22 in each
different expression from Activity
the map on page 23. Use a
a small group.
statements in Your classmates will say if Self-Assessment Log
statement. Then, read your
statements are true or false.
your
Check ( the words you learned in this chapter.

Nouns Verbs
avoid rush
dormitory
2 identification cite summarize

major cut and paste workout

3. penalty expect
plagiarism fillout Adjective
unique
quotationmarks getcaught
source givecredit
syllabus paraphrase
Expressions
forshort
.
termpaper quote
pretty good/well

Check ( the things you did in this chapter. How well can you do each one?
5 Describing Map Locations Work in pairs to ask and answer questions
Very well Fairly well Not very well
about locations. Student A should look at the map on page 244. Sludent B should
T can hear and use stress and reductions.
look at the map on page 252.
I understand academic honesty.
I can talk about academic honesty.
I can predict a lecture's content from
How do you find your way?
Do you use a map. the introduction.
a GPS, or both? I can take notes on a lecture.
I can use a Venn diagram to
compare
two things

T can guess meanings from context.

I can use intonation to express

different feelings.
I can make and respond to invitations.
I can reada map and describe locations.

Write what you learned and what you liked in this

chapter.
In this chapter,
AGPS
I learned

I liked.

24 CHAPTER 1
Education and Student Life 255
 City Life

this Conversation
inding a Place to Live
CHAPTER
Lecture
Neighborhood Watch Meeting

Getting Meaning from Context

Conversations in an Apartment Building
I love cities. I love
Real-World Task
neighborhoods and the ways
Following Directions
in whichthey interactwith
each other...
Ilove the long Connecting to the Topic
gradual shifts in culture they
do you in the photo? Where are the people?
contain. I 1ove the fact that What see

What are they doing?

they work at all. How is your neighborhood different from this neighborhood?

What different kinds of places to live? Name seven.

Jason Sutter are some

U.S.blogger
 Discuss these questions in small groups.
Prelistening Questions
PART 1 Conversation is there?
1. Look the picture. Where is Mari? Why do you think she
at

will she probably ask? What questions

2. If Mari calls about the ad, what questions

Finding a Place to Live will the owner of the house probably ask
her?
find
3. Where are you living now? Do you have roommates? How did you
each other?
Before You Listen
from the
The following telephone
conversation is about an advertisement
("ad") for a roommate
Previewing Vocabulary Listen to the underlined words and phrases
definitions.
conversation. Then use the context to match them with their
to share a house.
Definitions
Sentences
a. to stop somewhere
My roommate Jason is a real slob.
tor a short visit
Jason never lifts a finger to clean up
after himself. b. a messy person

that I have to do all

slang)
3. It really bugs me
c. to be able to see
the housework myself.
(something) easily
gONE WANTa 4. A: Are you going to the barbecue tonight?
d. to irritate, annoy, bother
3m-1pm B: No, I can't make it. I have to study.

A: Do you want to go out to dinner?

slang)
5.
B: Thanks, but I can't leave the e. to help with work

house because my sister is going f. to come or go

8 to come by around six o'clock.
(to a particular event)
Female roommate A: Where is the language lab?
6.
B: Go upstairs. It's the first door on
wanted to share 4-bdr
your right. You can't miss it.
house ncar campus w/2
women. Fumished room,
private bath, kitchen, Listen
backyard. $800/month
Listen to the conversation. You don't need to
util. Call Nancy at 3 Comprehension Questions
understand all the words. Just listen for the answers to these questions. After you
555-5949.
listen, discuss your answers with a partner.

1. Who are the speakers?

2. What is the student calling about
3. Where does the student live now? What
is the problem there?
asking about?
4. Who lives in the house that the student is
Cultural Note 5. How is the neighborhood?
to do?
Student Housing Offices 6. At the end of the conversation,
what do the speakers agree

In North America, most universities have housing offices. Students looking for piares
to live and people who are looking for roommates can advertise in these offices. It
is quite common for students to move into a dormitory. house, or apartment with
people they have not met before.

City Life 2 9

28 CHAPTER 2
 Mari: It really is. By the way, who. lives in the house? The
again, Son
ome
Stress Listen to the
conversation
f
Words phrase ad said there are people.
for
Stressed
each pause,
repeat
the or s
sentence.
Listening
missing.
During
Nancy: Well, besides me, there's my , Beth. She's a
words are
stressed
the stressed
words.

Ihen fill in the missing in the School of

Nancy: Hello? Uh, are you OK with having

to Nancy, please? Mari: Sure, as long as they're clean and not too .
Mari: May I speak
worry. Were both CO
Nancy: the Nancy:
and I m calling about
name is Mari,
Mari: Uh, hi. Uh, my at:the
live with.
for rent. I saw your .

Mari: OK. Um, is the. sate?

office. - problems, and you can
Nancy: Oh, sure. We haven't had
campus
a
are you -

to school trom here.

Nancy: Oh, right. OK, uh,
but Im planning
Mari: Well, right now Im just studying -

Mari: Well, it sounds really When can I come by and

to start
full-time in it?

Nancy: Isec. . are you living Nancy: Can you make it this around

Mari: Ive been living in a with some other girls, Then you can . Beth, too.
it there. Yeah, five o'clock is
but1 Mari: What's the -

Nancy: Why? What's the. Nancy: It's 3475 Hayworth Avenue. Do you knowwhere. is?

Mari: Well, of all, it's really. -, and it's Mari: No, I don't.

not very clean. Some of the other girls are real Nancy: OK. From University Village you go seven blocks

I mean they never lift a- to clean Olympic Avenue. At the intersection of Olympic and Alfred, there's a

after themselves. It really . me! I need a place the's Turn. and go

cleaner and more one and a half blocks. Our house is in the

Nancy: Well, it's really of the block on the

here. Were not.
very much. Mari: That sounds .

Mari: What do you Nancy: Yeah, you . it. Listen, Ive got
Nancy: I teach to go. Someone's at the door. See you this
at the college.
Mari: Mari: OK, see you .
a
minute! Didn't Bye.
we meet
yesterday at tne
Nancy: Bye-bye.
exam?
Nancy: Oh.. . Check your in the
the girl from
answers listening script at the back of the book. Then read the
! What was
your name again? conversation with a partner. Pronounce stressed words louder, higher, and more clearly
than unstressed words.
Mari: Mari.

Nancy: Right. What a

30 CHAPTER 2

City Life 31
 Reductions Listen to the following conversations. You'll hear
6Listening for forms of the
the unreduced
Language Tip the reduced pronunciation of some words. Write

missing words in the blanks.

with the phrase by the way. Speakers
use
Many students of English have difficulty Conversation 1
in a discussion or conversation.
this phrase to introduce a new topic
Dan: Hey Jeff, .
the conversation you heard:
For example, in

going?
Nancy: Oh... you re the girl from Japan! What was your name again?
Jeff: I get something to eat.

Mari: Mari.
know, takeout.
Nancy: Right. What a small world!
Mari: t really is. By the way, who else lives in the house? The ad said there are
get me something, too?
Dan:
two people.
Jeff: Sure.
At first, Mari and Nancy are
speaking about their meeting want
cheeseburger and fries?
at the placement test the day Dan: Well,
before. Mari says "by the way
because she wants to interrupt
this topic to introduce another Conversation 2

topic. Nancy: likemy

Mari: 1 love this backyard! new haircut, Mari?
Nancy: Me too. By the way
Mari: It's great! Who's your hairstylist?
are you interested
in helping us with the Nancy: Her name's Jocelyn.

gardening? Mari: give me her phone number?

Nancy: Sure, but she's always very busy.

try calling her, but she might not be able

Reductions See until next month.

Comparing Unreduced and Reduced Pronunciation The following

sentences are from the conversation. Listen for the difference between Conversation 3
unreduced
and reduced
pronunciation. Repeat both forms after the speaker.
Beth:
Unreduced Pronunciation
Reduced Pronunciation do tonight, Nancy?
1. Where
you living now?
are

2. What do you do? Where're ya living now? Nancy: Nothing special. I've . Sta

3. You
Whaddaya do? home correct my students compositions.
can walk to school from here.
Ya kin walk ta school from here.
4. When can I come by and see it?
When kinI
5. Can you make it this
evening
come
by 'n see it? Check your answers in the listening script at the back of the book. Then read the
around five? Kinya make it this evening around conversation with a partner. Iry to use reduced foms.
6. Do five?
you know where that is?
7. I've to
D'ya know where that is?
got go Tve gotta go.
ve got to means "I
must or "I have to."

32 CHAPTER 2 City Life 33

 After You Listen
FOCUS
read the beginning of the following9 Ending a Phone Conversation
Reviewing Vocabulary With a partner, 4
conversation. Then complete the conversation. Try to
use all the words and Reread the end of the phone conversation between Mari and Nancy in Activity on

phone elements:
in front of the class. page 31. It has these typical
phrases in the box. Pertorm your conversation
Functions Expressions

Noun Verbs Expressions One speaker signals Tve got to go.

come by can't miss never lifts a finger that the conversation

slob
make it is finished.
bug
The other speaker uses See you later. Bye.

a closing expression
Speaker 1: Hello?

Speaker 2: Hi, .This is

name of partner your namel The first speaker uses Bye.
Speaker 1: Oh, hi! How are you? a closing expression.

Speaker 2: Well, I got a new roommate last weck.

Well, thanks for the information.
H e r e are some other
Speaker 1: Really? How is [he or she]?
It was nice talking to you.
expressions that signal
Speaker 2: Terrible!... that you want to end Thanks for calling
T'l be in touch (with you).
the conversation:
Using Language Functions

FocUS
Be to use
partner. Role-play phone conversations. sure
8 Role-Play Work with a

Starting a Phone Conversation Student A should

the expressions for opening and closing a phone conversation.
Reread the beginning of the phone conversation between Mari and Nancy in Activity look at page 245. Student B should look at page 253.
4 on page 30. Phone conversations between strangers often begin similarly. Typically.
they contain these functions and expressions:
of
Telephone Game For this activity your teacher will divide you into groups
the will receive a number from 1 to 5 (or 6).
Function Expressions five or six. Each person in group
A caller asks to speak to Can/Could/May I please speak to- 1. Exchange phone numbers with the people in your group.
a person s there? to each person who got number 1.
2. Your teacher will give a "secret" message
l'd like to speak to - the
2 in your group and give him or her
3. This person 1 will call person
evening,
The person that the until is called.
Speaking. and everyone
message. Person 2 will call person 3,
so on

caller asked for identifies This is he/she. will repeat the message in class.
4. The next day, person 5 (or 6) from each group
himself or herself. This is. trom person to person.
See it the message changed as it passed
The caller identifies My name is . lused by
himself or herself. Remember: When you call your classmate,
strangers talking for the first timel
This is. ask for your classmate by name,
Cusedwhen people
know each otherl
The caller gives
identify yourself,
a reason T'm calling about.. say why you are calling.
for calling. I'm calling because.. give the message,
Let tell you why I called. conversation.
me
use correct expressions for ending the

City Life 35
34 CHAPTER 2
 from the lecture.
Listen to these words and phrases
Previewing Vocabulary
PART 2 Lecture Check ( the words you know. Discuss their meanings with a partner.

Verbs Adjective
Nouns
Neighborhood Watch Meeting alarm breakinto violent
right prevent
break-in (car)theft Expression
Before You Listen deadbolt
timer get into the habit
decal valuables
device
on her street
Last week there was aburglary in Nancy's neighborhood. The people front/back(of)
Neighborhood Watch. This is their first meeting. A police
officer is
Cultural Note decided to form a
license
about ways to prevent crime.
speaking
Inmany
American cities,
neighbors join
together to form
a Neighborhood NATIONAL NEIGHBORHOOD
|Watch. They NEIGHBORHOOD
agree to work
rogether to stop
WATCH CRIME WATCH
rimes in their

area. They watch

out tor unusual PROGRAM
activity in their
neighborhood.
It they se

anything
suspicious, they
call the police.

At the frst
Neighborhood
Watch meeting
We immediately report
allSUSPICIOUS PERSONS anc
a police oficer
usualy comes
to speak to the
PREVENT activities to our Police Dept.
neighbors about

crimeprevention. BURGLARIES AA deadbolt lock

A Neighborhood Watch signs A

Prelistening Discussion Discuss these questions in small groups.

Cultural Note
1. Look up the How do people in the United States protect their homes from theft? People use a
meaning of the following word pairs: neighbor/neighborhood:
burglar/burglary; robber/robbery; thief/theft. variety of approaches and products, including security systems. guard dogs that
2. Is there much crime in the bark, deadboit locks, motion detectors, and programmable timers for lights to
area where you live? What kind? Do you feel safe
in your area:
discourage thieves from trying to break into their homes. Some homeowners even

3. Does your area have

something like Neighborhood Watch? Do you think it
a
keep a gun in their home to defend themselves against criminals.
would be a good idea?
Why why not? or

4. What are some

things you can do to protect yourself and your home against
crime?

36 CHAPTER 2
City Life 37
 Listen
Strategy
Strategy Transitions (Connecting Words)

Transitions are words and phrases that connect the parts of a speech o r
the major sections of a talk.
There usually transitions between
Taking Notes on Statistics composition. are
main section.
transitions to connect details
within each
Statistics are numbers that give facts about a situation. Often, statistics are In addition, we also use

can tell when a new idea or topic is starting.

expressed as a percentage or fraction; for example, "Over fifty percent of the If you listen for transitions. you
world's population live in cities" or "People spend about one-fourth of their salaries
Example: to make your homes and
on rent." Statistics are very common in lectures. When people talk about statistics, s o m e simple suggestions
Tonight l'd like to give you
the following terms appear trequently: let's talk about lights outside the house."
cars safer. OK? So first of all,

let's talk about lights inside the house."

Nouns "Next,
7o percent
number
half is list of transitions from the lecture.
Listening for Transitions Following a

third transition, write the topic or suggestion

Listen to the lecture. When you hear each
quarter that follows it.

Verbs
increase, go up, rise
decrease, decline, PART 1
down
double First of al

Other phrases Next,

less than
All right then. The next topic I want to discuss is
more than
equal to or the
First of all,
same as

A About 40 percent of the calories Also,.

in a
cheeseburger come from
fat. PART 2

OK, now let's move on and talk about

3 Abbreviating Statistics Write abbreviations or
chart above. If you don't know the symbols next to the 1s in the Fu'st,
abbreviation or symbol for an item, one.
creale The most iniportant thing is .
Taking Notes on Statistics Listen to sentences from the
abbreviationsand
lecture. Use
symbols from the chart to take notes. You will
hear each
Now my last point is .
sentence twice.
The main thing is -

2. Also, -

3. And one more thing:

Exchange notes with partner. Iry

a
to
partners notes. repeat the sentences
you heard by using your

38
CHAPTER 2
City Life S9
 with your classmates.
Answer these questions
Which transitions
1. How many main ideas did the speaker discuss?
introduced them? not safe
of the transitions indented in
the outline on page 39
2. Why are some

write transitions in your notes? -every door needs.

3. When you take notes, should you
Why or why not? get special locks for .
Notes Following sample
are notes on the police officer's suggestions.
6 Taking instead, the relationship among main -50%
they do not contain transitions;
Notice that
and listing.
ideas and details is shown by underlining, indenting, PART 2

to fill in the missing information.. Remember

Use your notes from Activities 4 and 5 .
abbreviations and symbols. If necessary, listen to the lecture again.
to use

use.

-put.
Date:
-alarms don't.
Ways to Prevent Crime
-better to have .
PART 1

Intro:
8 on vacation,

Very little violent crime in neigh 'hood. But: see someth. unusual,.

Burglaries T:
-pu-
Last y

This yr:.

Car theft T:.

4ls this home safe from burglars?

Howto keep home & auto safe:

1. House lights

-need lights in front and -

-turn on at.

2.

-bright lights in garage,

-fix
-house or apt: use automatic.

Cily Lile 11

+0 CHAPTER 2
After You Listen Discuss the folowing questions in smal groupps

Discussing the Lecture Discuss the following questions about the lent
ecture 1. Imagine that vou have just discovered the gun. How do vou fee

to notes as necessary.
and your own experience. Reter your 2. What will you do next? Will vou speak to the homeowners abour the gun
What will you sav?
Part 1
3. Will you look for another place to live
1. Has anvone ever broken into vour home or vour car: It yes, what did the
4. Imagine that the family with the gun lives next door to you. You have a roeng
burglars steal? child, and this family also has a young chilà Tbe two children wans to p
together. Would vou allow vour child to plav at this house
2. What advice did the police ofticer give about lights? Do you do these things
in vour house or apartment? 5. Do you believe that people have the night to own guns. or should guns

be illegal?
3. How does an automatic timer work? Do vou use timers in your home 6. It a person illegally owns a gun. what should the punishment be
4. What types of locks did the otticer recommend? Do vou use locks like that?

Part 2

5. According to the otticer, how can thett? Do vou tollow these

vou prevent car
Suggestions?

6. What is the otticer's

opinion about car alarms? What do ye think?
7. What is decal? \Where do
a
people otten put them? Do you ve
any?
8. How do
people in a
Neighborhood Watch help each other? o you help 1 ir
neighbors this war?

8 Reviewing Vocabulary Work in small

Look back at the
Activity 2 on page 37. Quiz each other on groups. vocabu' 'y
in
the terms and their meanings.
i

On the Spot!

What Would You Do? Read the situation and discuss the following
ques
Situation
You have come to
the United
in the home of a States to study at university. You
a
very nice American
the house is near
your school You family. The neighborhood is have rener
and etty
and
One day. whle are
comfortable and happy in quiet new phome
preparing tood in the kitchen, your
you discover a gun inside a abinet
 Strategies for Better Listening and Speaking Answers
Clues
PART3 and based on a
Questions 4 5 are

Conversation between two neighbors.

Getting Meaning from Context

4. A He thinks it's very funny.
FOCUS ON TESTINNG He's surprised to see David.
)

TOEFL IBT Using Context Cluees )He's a little angry.

Many tests such the TOEFLBT measure your academic listening and speaking
as OHe is happy to help David.
will develop your social and academic
abilities. This activity. and others in the book,
toundation for s u c c e s s on a variety of standardized
conversation skills, and provide a
5. He is happy to help David.
take place in an apartment building.
tests. The following conversations
David.
B) Hes surprised to see

1. Listen to the beginning of each conversation.

He's annoyed with David.
the question for each conversation. Stop the recording and choose the
O
2. Listen to
best answer
OHe's very worried.
3. In the Clues column, write the words that helped you choose your answer. Discuss
them with your teacher and classmates.

4. Listen to the last part of each conversation to hear the correct answer.

Answers Clues
Focused Listening
Questions 1 through 3 are based on FpcUS
a conversation between David and Mr.
Bradley. Guessing Relationships Between People
give clues about their
people address each other in North America
can
The way

A ) a neighbor relationships. For example:

the titles "Sir" or when you are
"Ma'am
In very formal situations, it is polite to use
Ethe apartment manager older or someone important. VWith adults you well, it
do not know
talking to an person
David's father is correct to use a title with the person's last name. For example, "Ms. Adams"or "Dr.
) a repairman Snow.
in age or equal in position, or who are
O n the other hand, two people who are equal
in a casual situation, usually use
each other's first names.
meeting
2. CA a
repairperson use aftectionate names to address each
other.
People in close relationships often
apainter For example:
a n exterminator Married couples or relatives speaking to children: honey, dear, sweetheart, darling
Oa plumber Children to parents: Mom, Mommy. Mama, Dad, Daddy. Papa
Granddad
Children to grandparents: Grandma, Granny, Grammy. Grandpa,
3. I t ' s on the third floor. Friends: pal, buddy, brother, sister. girl

It's in bad condition.

OIis in a good neighborhood.
OListening for Clues to Relationships Between People
OIt's cheap
1. Work in groups of four, divided into two pairs. Pair A, t u r n
to
page 245. Pair B,
t u r n to page 253. L0ok only at your
list and follow the instructions. Study the

An exterminator is a professional who uses poison to kill insects. information for a few minutes before you begin.
A
plumber is a person who installs and repairs water pipes, sinks, toilets, and so on.

City Life 45
44 CHAPTER 2
 Using Language Functions

PART 4 Real-World Task

FoCUS
E x p r e s s i n g Frustration
they cannot get wnat
what they
they want, even
e v e n after any
is what people feel
when they
c a n n o t get

motorcycle wakes
vou
Following Directions
rustration
that your
neignbor S
every
attempts. For example, imagine the situation does not i
to your neighbor many
times, but
prove.
night. You complain Before You Listen
frustrated.
would feel
In this situation you
sentences mean
that a speaker is frustrate
rated. that two people are
The underlined idioms in the following
Prelistening Questions Look at the map. Imagine
Chinese
sentence. X. Speaker A wants to go to the
Notice the grammar in each
standing at the spot marked with a red
conversation.
total slob! He never cleans up
arter nimselt! am fed up with restaurant. With a partner, a n s w e r the questions and role-play the
My roommate is a

1. What expressions Speaker A use to ask for directions?

mess can

Mother (to fighting children): ve had it with your ngnting'

Go outside right now B. How would you answer Speaker A?
want some quiet in here!
2. Imagine that you are Speaker
Student: lve been working on this physics problem for three hours. l'm sick of it!

4th Avenue
fruit
Role-Play Work in pairs to role-play situations in an apartment building. Student car washh
Lmarket
A should look at page 246. Student B should look at page 254.
parking lot
shopping
mall

3Follow-up Discussion Discuss the following questions with

your classmates. government building Grand Hotel
1. Do you live in an apartment? If yes, does your building have a
manager? What 3rd Avenue
responsibilities does he or she have?
office hospital
2. In
Activity
1, vou learned that a
person who kills insects is called an building
exterminator. Below is a list of other
professionals
who work in houses and parking
apartments. Use a dictionary
to find out what each person does. Then tell your ot
gTOup if
you have ever called this Star public
person to fix a problem in your home. Describe
the problem. Apartments library

2nd Avenue
architect
cable installer
electrician phone techr cian gas
bank
carpenter
exterminator plumber
station
parking lot
carpet cleaner gardener roofer
painter supermarket
department
store burgers
3. Tell
your classmates about
with your any other problems have had in your
1st Avenue
neighbors. Also, explain what you did
you
homc
to solve the
problenms).

46 CHAPTER 2

City Life 47
 Listen
Self-Assessment Log
FOCUS
and Giving Directions in this chapter
Requesting Check the words you learned
Adjective
Nouns
Function Expressions (car) theft violent
alarm
timer
Use these expressions Excuse me, where is break-in Expressions
to request directions Can/could you tell me where - is? deadbolt valuables
can't miss
How do Iget to
. decal
Verbs get into the
habit
Do you know where is? device
break into make it
front/back (of) never lift a finger
Use these expressions Verbs: go, walk, dVe, tum bug
to give directions.
license
Directions: up/dcw ie street; Comeby
right prevent
north, Oi eaSt, west;
slob
right, let; straight
Distance: haif a block, one mile, do each one?
two kilometers Check ( the things you did in this chapter. How well can you
Prepositions: on the left/right: on Street Not very well
Very wel Fairly well
I can hear and use stress and reductions.

calls.
I can make telephone
2 Following Directions You will hear directions based on the l can talk about crime and crime

Follow the directions on the map. At the end of each map on page 47.
item you will hear a prevention.
Write the answer to the question in the question. take notes on statistics and
space. You will hear each item twice. l can

transitions.

meanings from
context.
I can guess
I can use phrases to express trustration.
I can ask for and give directions.
4.

Write what you learned and what you liked in this chapter.

After You Listen In this chapter,

I learned .
FoCUS
Saying You Don't Understand I liked
If you don't understand
directions that someone gives you, use one of these
I don't understand.
I'm lost.
expressions.
I didn't catch that.
I'm confused.
I'm in the dark.
I'm not
I don't get it. following you.

3Requesting and Giving

Directions
directions using maps. StudentA should lookWork in pairs to request and give
at
page 254. Follow the instructions page 246. Student B should look at
on those
pages.
8
CHAPTER 2 City Life 49