UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS

September-December 2021

MAT3700

Mathematics III (Engineering)

Duration: 3 hours Marks: 100

Examiners:
First: Ms LE Greyling
Second: Mr S Blose
External: Dr JN Mwambakana
Use of a non-programmable pocket calculator is permissible.

This is a closed book examination and will be IRIS invigilated.

This online paper is the property of UNISA and may not be distributed electronically.

This examination question paper consists of 3 pages including this cover page plus
Formulae sheets (pages 4 to 8) plus
A table of integrals (pages 9 and 10) plus
A table of Laplace transforms (page 11).

Examination rules:
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 -2- MAT3700
September-December 2020

QUESTION 1
Solve the following differential equations:

1.1 1  x  dy
2

dx
 1  y  . 2
(4)

1.2 x 2
 
 y 2 dx  x 2  xy dy  0 Hint: Let y  vx  . (7)
dy
1.3  y cot x  cos x. (7)
dx
[18]

QUESTION 2
Find the general solution of the following differential equation using the method of
d 2y dy
undetermined coefficients: 3 2  2  y  2x  3 . (10)
dx dx
[10]

QUESTION 3
Find the general solution of the following differential equations using D-operator methods:

3.1 D 2

 3D  2 y  sin3 x . (8)

3.2 D 2
 6D  9  y  e 2 x
cosh 2 x . (6)
[14]

QUESTION 4
Solve for x and y by using D-operator methods in the following set of simultaneous
equations:
 D  1 y  x  4et
. (10)
y   D  3  x  1
[10]

QUESTION 5
Determine the following:

5.1 
L et cos 2t .  (2)
 8se 2s 
5.2 L1  2 . (4)
 s  9 
[6]
[TURN OVER]
 -3- MAT3700
September-December 2020

QUESTION 6
Given y " y  sin t
Use Laplace transforms to solve the equation if the initial values for the equation are
y  0   1 and y '  0   0 . (8)
[8]

QUESTION 7
The equation of motion of a system is
d 2x dx
2
5  4 x  3  t  2 
dt dt

If x  0   2 and x '  0   2 find an expression for the displacement x in terms of t.

(12)
[12]

QUESTION 8
2
The period, T, of natural vibrations of a building is given by T  where  is an

 2 1 
eigenvalue of matrix A . Find the period(s) if A   . (5)
 1 2 
[5]

QUESTION 9

Find all the eigenvalues of matrix A and an eigenvector corresponding to .

2 0 0
A   4 1 0  . (7)
 1 2 1
[7]

QUESTION 10

A function f(x) is defined by

 2 x 0
f x   .
 0x2
Determine the Fourier series expansion of the periodic function f(x) with period 4.
(10)
[10]

Full marks = 100

©
UNISA 2021
 -4- MATHEMATICS III (MAT3700)
September - December 2021

FORMULA SHEETS
ALGEBRA Factors

a 3  b 3  a  b  a 2  ab  b 2 
Laws of indices
a3  b3  a  b a 2
 ab  b 2 
1. a m  a n  a mn
am
2. n
 a mn
a
3. a  m n
 
 a mn  a n
m
Partial fractions
f x 
m
A B C
4. a  n am
n   
 x  a  x  b x  c   x  a   x  b   x  c 
1 1
5. a n  n and an 
a a n
f x  A B C D
6. a 1
0
   
x  a  x  b
3
x  a  x  a  x  a  x  b
2 3

7. ab  a b
n

8.
a an
   n f x  Ax  B C
 
b b   
ax  bx  c  x  d  ax  bx  c  x  d 
2 2

Logarithms
Definitions: If y  a x then x  log a y
If y  e x then x  n y Quadratic formula
1. log A  B   log A  log B
If ax 2  bx  c  0
 A
2. log   log A  log B  b  b 2  4ac
B then x
3. log An  n log A 2a
log b A
4. log a A
log b a
5. a loga f  f  e n f  f

Determinants
a11 a12 a13
a a 23 a a 23 a a 22
a 21 a 22 a 23  a11 22  a12 21  a13 21
a 32 a 33 a 31 a 33 a 31 a 32
a 31 a 32 a 33
 a11 a 22 a 33  a 32 a 23   a12 a 21 a 33  a 31 a 23   a13 a 21 a 32  a 31 a 22 

[TURN OVER]
Open Rubric
 -5- MATHEMATICS III (MAT3700)
September - December 2021

SERIES
Binomial Theorem

a  b n  a n  na n 1b  nn  1 a n  2 b 2  nn  1n  2 a n 3 b 3  ....

2! 3!
and b  a

1  x n  1  nx  nn  1 x 2  nn  1n  2 x 3  ...

2! 3!
and  1  x  1

Maclaurin’s Theorem
f 0  f 0  2 f 0  3 f n 1 0  n 1
f  x   f 0  x x  x  x 
1! 2! 3! n  1!

Taylor’s Theorem
f a 
x  a   f a  x  a 2  f a  x  a 3    f a  x  a n1  
  n 1
f  x   f a  
1! 2! 3! n  1!
h2 h n1 n1
f a  h   f a   f a   f a     f a   
h
1! 2! n  1!
COMPLEX NUMBERS
1. z  a  bj  r cos   j sin   r   re j , 7. De Moivre's Theorem
 r   r n n  r n  cos n  j sin n 
n
where j 2  1
Modulus : r z  a 2
 b2 
1
8. z has n distinct roots:
n
b
Argument :   arg z  arc tan 1 1
  k 360
a z  rn
n
with k  0, 1, 2, , n  1
2. Addition : n
a  jb   c  jd   a  c   j b  d  9. re j  r  cos   j sin  
3. Subtraction :    re j   r cos  and   re j   r sin 
a  jb   c  jd   a  c   j b  d 
10. e a  jb  e a  cos b  j sin b 
4. If m  jn  p  jq, then m  p and n  q
11. n re j  n r  j
5. Multiplication : z1 z 2  r1 r2 1   2 
z1 r1
6. Division :  1   2 
z 2 r2

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 -6- MATHEMATICS III (MAT3700)
September - December 2021

GEOMETRY MENSURATION
y  mx  c 1. Circle: (  in radians)
1. Straight line:
y  y1  m x  x1 
Area  r 2
1
Perpendiculars, then m1  Circumference  2r
m2
Arc length   r 
2. Angle between two lines:
m  m2 1 1
Sector area  r 2  r
tan   1 2 2
1  m1 m 2
1 2
3. Circle: Segment area  r    sin  
2
x2  y2  r 2
2. Ellipse:
 x  h 2   y  k 2  r 2 Area  ab
4. Parabola: Circumference  a  b 
y  ax 2  bx  c 3. Cylinder:
b Volume  r 2 h
axis at x 
2a Surface area  2rh  2r 2
5. Ellipse: 4. Pyramid:
x2 y2 1
 1 Volume  area base  height
a2 b2 3
5. Cone:
6. Hyperbola:
xy  k 1
Volume  r 2 h
3
x2 y2
  1 round x - axis  Curved surface  r
a2 b2
6. Sphere:
x2 y2
 2  2  1 round y - axis  A  4r 2
a b 4
STATISTICS V  r 3
3
f x
x i i 7. Trapezoidal rule:
n 1 b  a 
 f  x0   2 f  x1     2 f  xn1   f  xn  
2  n  
 f i  xi  x 
2

s
n 1 8. Simpson’s rule:
1 b  a 
[ f  x0   4 f  x1   2 f  x2   4 f  x3  
n
 nL 3  n 
Me  L  2 c 2 f  x4     2 f  xn2   4 f  xn 1   f  xn ]
f me
9. Mid-Ordinate rule
b  a 
 f m  f m 1   n   f  m1   f  m2     f  mn1   f  mn  
M0  L   c
 2 f m  f m 1  f m 1 

[TURN OVER]
 -7- MATHEMATICS III (MAT3700)
September - December 2021

HYPERBOLIC FUNCTIONS Compound angle addition and subtraction

e e x x formulae:
sinh x  sin(A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B
2
sin(A - B) = sin A cos B - cos A sin B
e  e x
x
cos(A + B) = cos A cos B - sin A sin B
Definitions: cosh x 
2 cos(A - B) = cos A cos B + sin A sin B
e  ex
x
tan A  tan B
tanh x  x tan  A  B  
e  e x 1  tan A tan B
tan A  tan B
Identities: tan  A  B  
1  tan A tan B
cosh 2 x  sinh 2 x  1
1  tanh 2 x  sech 2 x Double angles:
sin 2A = 2 sin A cos A
coth 2 x  1  cosech 2 x cos 2A = cos2A – sin2A
1 = 2cos2A - 1
sinh 2 x  cosh 2 x  1
2 = 1 - 2sin2A
2
1 sin A = ½(1 - cos 2A)
cosh 2 x  cosh 2 x  1 cos2 A = ½(1 + cos 2A)
2
2 tan A
sinh 2 x  2 sinh x cosh x tan 2 A 
1  tan 2 A
cosh 2 x  cosh 2 x  sinh 2 x
 2 cosh 2 x  1 Products of sines and cosines into sums or
differences:
 1  2 sinh 2 x sin A cos B = ½(sin (A + B) + sin (A - B))
TRIGONOMETRY cos A sin B = ½(sin (A + B) - sin (A - B))
cos A cos B = ½(cos (A + B) + cos (A - B))
Identities: sin A sin B = -½(cos (A + B) - cos (A - B))
sin 2   cos 2   1
Sums or differences of sines and cosines into
1 + tan 2  = sec 2  products:
cot 2  + 1 = cosec 2  x  y  x y 
sin x  sin y  2 sin   cos 
sin(-) = - sin  2   2 
cos (-) =  cos  x  y   x y 
sin x  sin y  2 cos  sin  
tan (-) = - tan  2   2 
sin x  y  x y 
tan  cos x  cos y  2 cos  cos 
cos  2   2 
 x  y   x y 
cos x  cos y  2 sin  sin  
 2   2 

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 -8- MATHEMATICS III (MAT3700)
September - December 2021

d f '( x)
DIFFERENTIATION 10. sin 1 f ( x) 
1   f ( x)
dx 2

dy f x  h  f x  d  f '( x)
1.  lim 11. cos 1 f ( x) 
dx h  0 h
1   f ( x) 
dx 2
d
2. k  0 d f '( x)
dx 12. tan 1 f ( x) 
1   f ( x)
dx 2
d
3. ax n  anx n 1 1
dx d  f '( x)
13. cot f ( x) 
1   f ( x) 
d dx 2
4. f .g  f .g ' g. f '
dx d f '( x)
14. sec 1 f ( x) 
d f g . f ' f .g '
f  x   f ( x)   1
dx 2
5. 
dx g g2
d  f '( x)
15. cosec 1 f ( x) 
6.  f ( x)  n f ( x) . f ' ( x)
d n n 1
f  x   f ( x)  1
dx 2
dx
dy dy du dv d f '( x)
7.  . . 16. sinh 1 f ( x) 
dx du dv dx dx
 f ( x)2  1
8. Parametric equations d f '( x)
dy 17. cosh 1 f ( x) 
dy
dx
 f ( x)2  1
 dt
dx dx d f '( x)
18. tanh 1 f ( x) 
1   f ( x) 
dt dx 2

d  dy  d f '( x)
d y dt  dx 
2 19. coth 1 f ( x) 
1   f ( x)
2
 dx
dx 2 dx
d  f '( x)
dt 20. sech 1 f ( x) 
f  x  1   f ( x) 
9. Maximum/minimum dx 2
For turning points: f '(x) = 0
d  f '( x)
Let x = a be a solution for the above 21. cosech 1 f ( x) 
f  x   f ( x)   1
dx 2
If f ''(a) > 0, then a minimum
If f ''(a) < 0, then a maximum z z z
For points of inflection: f" (x) = 0 22. Increments: z  . x  . y  . w
x y w
Let x = b be a solution for the above
23. Rate of change:
Test for inflection: f (b - h) and f(b + h)
dz  z dx  z dy  z dw
Change sign or f '"(b) if f '"(b) exists  .  .  .
dt  x dt  y dt  w dt

INTEGRATION
b
  dy 
2
1. By parts :  udv  uv -  vdu 2. S   1    dx
  dx 
a
1 b 1 b 2
3. Mean value = 
b-a a
y dx 4. R.M.S.  
b-a a
y dx

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 -9- MATHEMATICS III (MAT3700)
September - December 2021

TABLE OF INTEGRALS 
 
(n 1 )
ax
1.  ax n dx 
n 1
 c, n  1
n 1
 f(x)
  f(x)
n
2. .f'(x) dx   c, n  1
n 1

 f (x)
3.  dx  n f(x)  c
 f(x)

4.  f (x).e f(x) dx  e f(x)  c

a f(x)
5.  f (x).a f(x) dx 
n a
c

6.  f (x).sin f(x) dx   cos f(x)  c

7.  f (x). cos f(x) dx  sin f(x)  c

8.  f ( x). tan f(x) dx  n sec f(x)  c

9.  f (x).cot f(x) dx  n sin f(x)  c

10.  f (x).sec f(x) dx  n sec f(x)  tan f(x)  c

11.   cosec f(x) dx

f (x).  n cosec f(x)  cot f(x)  c

12.  f (x).sec 2 f(x) dx  tan f(x)  c

13.  f (x).cosec 2 f(x) dx   cot f(x)  c

14.  f (x).sec f(x). tan f(x) dx  sec f(x)  c

15.  f (x).cosec f(x).cot f(x) dx  cosec f(x)  c

16.  f (x).sinh f(x) dx  cosh f(x)  c

17.  f (x).cosh f(x) dx  sinh f(x)  c

18.  f (x). tanh f(x) dx  n cosh f(x)  c

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 -10- MATHEMATICS III (MAT3700)
September - December 2021

19.  f (x). coth f(x) dx  n sinh f(x)  c

20.  f (x).sech 2 f(x) dx  tanh f  x   c

21.  f (x). cosech 2 f(x) dx   coth f  x   c

22.  f (x).sechf(x). tanh f  x  dx  sech f(x)  c

23.   cosech f(x). coth f(x) dx  cosech f(x)  c

f (x).


 f  x  f  x 
24.  dx  arc sin    c


 a 2   f  x  
2  a 

f  x  f  x 

 1
25.  dx  arc tan    c
 f  x    a 2
 a


2
 a 


 f  x  f  x 
26.  dx  arc sinh    c


  f  x    a 2
2  a 


 f  x  f  x 
27.  dx  arc cosh    c
 a

  f  x    a 2
2  

f  x  f  x 

 1
28.  dx  arc tanh    c
a 2   f  x  
 a a


2
 

f  x  f  x 

 1
29.  dx   arc coth    c
 f  x    a 2
 a


2
 a 

 2 a2  f  x  f  x 2 2
30. 
 f   x  a 2   f  x   dx  arc sin   a   f  x    c
 2  a  2

 2 a2  f  x  f  x 2
31. 
 f   x   f  x    a 2 dx  arc sinh    f  x    a 2  c
 2  a  2

 2 a2  f  x  f  x 2
32. 
 f  x   f  x    a dx   arc cosh 
   2
  f  x    a 2  c
 2  a  2

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 -11- MATHEMATICS III (MAT3700)
September - December 2021

TABLE OF LAPLACE TRANSFORMS

f  t  = L 1 F  s  F  s   L  f  t 
a a
s
tn n!
n 1
, n  1, 2,3,
s
1
ebt s b
sin at a
s2 a2
cos at s
s2 a2
sinh at a
2 2
s a
cosh at s
2 2
s a
t n e bt n! , n  1, 2, 3, 
( s b )n 1
t sin at 2 as
( s 2  a 2 )2
t cos at s 2 a 2
( s 2  a 2 )2
t sinh at 2 as
( s 2  a 2 )2
t cosh at s2 a2
( s 2  a 2 )2

ebt sin at a
 s b  2  a 2
e bt cos at ( s b )
 s b  2  a 2
e bt sinh at a
 s b  2  a 2
e bt cosh at  s b 
 s b  2  a 2
H t  c  e cs
s
H t  c .F t  c  cs
e . f s
t  a  e  as

L  f (t )  F ( s)
L  f '(t )  sF ( s)  f (0)
L  f "(t )  s 2 F ( s)  sf (0)  f '(0)
L  f '''(t )  s3 F ( s)  s 2 f (0)  sf '(0)  f ''(0)
©
UNISA 2021

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