LNG Plant Project

`CB&I Limited Peru LNG S.R.L.

Document Title: Specification for Fabrication and Erection of

Pipework

Document Number: 157883-000-PI-SP-0007

Revision: 1

DCC I.D.: 671

Pages: 1 of 26

1 23 Oct 08 Re-Issued AFC DRB JK DR LC

0 28 Jan 07 Issued AFC TB DRB DR JB
Client comments
D2 11 Jul 07 incorporated TB DRB DR JB
Client comments
D1 23 May 07 incorporated/Gen update TB DRB DR JB
C1 28 Mar 07 Issued for Client comment AJ DRB DR JB
B1 20 Dec 06 IDR AJ DB MD BR
Rev Date Purpose of Issue By Check CB&I Project
Approved Approved

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 LNG Plant Project
Specification for Fabrication and Erection of
Pipework
157883-000-PI-SP-0007 Revision 1

INPUTS
Document Number Title Status

KBR Technical Specification for

P14-1F-6825 Rev 1
Fabricated Piping

REVISION NOTES AND HOLDS

Revision Description of Changes & Holds

B1 Incorporation of relevant data from the above KBR document is included in this
Specification. For welding requirements refer to Welding and Non Destructive
Examination of Piping 157883-000-MW-SP-0006.

C1 Issued for Client Comment

Figure 1 from the referenced KBR document redrawn and figure 2 deleted
Restrictions on welding near to PWHT pipe modified in Para. 4.12 & 6.4.

D1 General update + Client comments incorporated see bar on right side of page

D2 Abbreviations DPE and MPE changed to DPI and MPI see bar on right side of
page
0 References to Super Duplex pipe added see bar on right of page
1 Para 6.4 revised in accordance with Site request with PNLG site QC approval

Note: The latest version of this document is stored in EDM. Any prints of this document are
uncontrolled.

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 LNG Plant Project
Specification for Fabrication and Erection of
Pipework
157883-000-PI-SP-0007 Revision 1

Contents
1. INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................... 5
1.1 Purpose....................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Definitions .................................................................................................................. 5
1.3 General Abbreviations............................................................................................... 5
1.4 Scope .......................................................................................................................... 5
1.5 Order of Precedence.................................................................................................. 7
1.6 Codes and Standards ................................................................................................ 7
1.7 Contractors Responsibilities .................................................................................... 9
2. DESIGN DRAWINGS ........................................................................................................... 9
3. MATERIALS ....................................................................................................................... 10
3.1 Transfer of Material Identification .......................................................................... 11
3.2 Marking Technique .................................................................................................. 11
4. FABRICATION ................................................................................................................... 12
4.1 General...................................................................................................................... 12
4.2 Cleanliness of Components.................................................................................... 12
4.3 Carbon Steel/Stainless Steel Cross Contamination ............................................. 12
4.4 Spool Fabrication..................................................................................................... 12
4.5 End Preparation and Cutting .................................................................................. 12
4.6 Fabricated Lengths.................................................................................................. 13
4.7 Staggering and Spacing of Welds.......................................................................... 13
4.8 Field Fit Welds (FFW) .............................................................................................. 13
4.9 Flanges ..................................................................................................................... 14
4.10 Reinforced Branch Connections ............................................................................ 14
4.11 Tolerances (Refer to Figure 1) ................................................................................ 14
4.12 Non Pressure Attachments..................................................................................... 14
4.13 Fit Up and Alignment............................................................................................... 15
4.14 Threading.................................................................................................................. 16
4.15 Bends ........................................................................................................................ 16
4.16 Circumferential Welds ............................................................................................. 16
4.17 Fillet, Socket and Seal Welds ................................................................................. 16
4.18 Galvanizing............................................................................................................... 17
5. SUPPLEMENTARY FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS .................................................... 17
5.1 Austenitic Stainless Steel ....................................................................................... 17
6. TREATMENT AFTER FABRICATION AND ERECTION. .................................................. 18
6.1 Cleaning and Flushing ............................................................................................ 18
6.2 Flushing .................................................................................................................... 18
6.3 Pressure Testing...................................................................................................... 18
6.4 Marking ..................................................................................................................... 18
6.5 Protection for Shipping and Handling ................................................................... 19
7. FIELD RUN PIPE LINES .................................................................................................... 19
8. PAINTING AND PROTECTION.......................................................................................... 19
8.1 Painting..................................................................................................................... 19
8.2 Protection from Blast Cleaning and Painting........................................................ 20
9. INSTALLATION OF PIPEWORK ....................................................................................... 20
9.1 General Requirements............................................................................................. 20
9.2 Pre-installation and Assembly Inspection............................................................. 20

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9.3 Pipework Erection.................................................................................................... 20

9.4 Flanged Joints.......................................................................................................... 21
9.5 Equipment Flange Connections ............................................................................. 21
9.6 Gaskets and Jointings............................................................................................. 21
9.7 Bolting....................................................................................................................... 22
10. INSTALLATION OF VALVES ............................................................................................ 22
10.1 Manual Valves .......................................................................................................... 23
10.2 Actuated Valves ....................................................................................................... 23
11. INSTALLATION OF PIPE SUPPORTS .............................................................................. 23
11.1 General...................................................................................................................... 23
11.2 Fabrication................................................................................................................ 23
11.3 Installation ................................................................................................................ 23
12. INSTALLATION OF INSTRUMENTATION ........................................................................ 24
13. INSPECTION ...................................................................................................................... 24
14. CERTIFICATION AND RECORDS..................................................................................... 24
15. QUALITY SYSTEM............................................................................................................. 25
16. FIGURE 1: DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES.................................................................... 26

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 LNG Plant Project
Specification for Fabrication and Erection of
Pipework
157883-000-PI-SP-0007 Revision 1

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose
This Specification defines the minimum requirements for the fabrication and installation
of Metallic pipework for the Peru LNG Plant Project.

1.2 Definitions
For the purpose of this Specification the following definitions shall apply:
“The COMPANY” Peru LNG (Client)
"The CONTRACTOR" is CB&I .
"The VENDOR is the supplier of the equipment described in this
specification. The Vendor may or may not be the
manufacturer of all the equipment specified
The words 'will', 'may', 'should', 'shall' and 'must' have specific meanings as follows:-
'Will' is used normally in connection with an action by the Contractor
'May' is used where alternatives are equally acceptable.
'Should' is used where a provision is preferred.
'Shall' is used where a provision is mandatory.
'Must' is used only where a provision is a statutory requirement.

1.3 General Abbreviations

NDE Non-destructive Examination
UT Ultra Sonic Examination
DPI Dye Penetrant Inspection
MPI Magnetic Particle Inspection
RT Radio Graphic Examination
P&ID Process and Instrumentation Diagram
LNG Liquefied Natural Gas
FW Field Weld
AFC Approved For Construction
G.A. General Arrangement (drawing)
RTRP Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe
HDPE High Density Polyethylene
CPVC Chlorinated Poly Vinyl Chloride

1.4 Scope
This Specification together with the purchase order, P&ID's, drawings and referenced
specifications, details the minimum technical requirements and working practices
required for the fabrication, installation and pressure testing of process and utility

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Specification for Fabrication and Erection of
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157883-000-PI-SP-0007 Revision 1

pipework designed to ASME B31.3 which is the primary project standard, and is to be
used in its entirety except as modified by the requirements of this specification.
This Specification does not cover the requirements for welding, heat treatment, welding
inspection and NDE, these are covered by Ref Doc (2) in Sect 1.6.6.
This document shall be read in conjunction with all documents referenced in Sect 1.6.6
Drawings and documents specifying all the fabrication, installation and testing
requirements will be produced prior to commencement of fabrication.
This specification applies to work carried out at the Peru LNG Construction site location
or any remote shop facility that may be used, this applies to the following groups of
materials
• Carbon and carbon manganese steel.
• Austenitic stainless steel
• Nickel Alloy steel
• Super-Duplex Stainless Steel

Any changes to the design of pipework for whatever reason shall be agreed with the
relevant Site Engineer. The Engineering department will be consulted when necessary;
the details of the change will be recorded.

1.4.1 Inclusions
The scope of work shall be as follows:-
• Fabricate, install, and pressure and leak test all pipework shown on the piping
drawings and isometrics.
• Fabricate and install pipe supports in accordance with the pipe support
specification and all data sheets and drawings.
• Locate field welds, field fit welds and piece mark numbers.
• Locate drill and tap flanges for jackscrews, for spectacle blinds, and blinds and
spacers, where indicated on Piping Drawings and Isometrics.
• To install all special piping items.
• To install inline instrumentation such as control valves, orifice flange sets,
valves, etc.
• Flushing and cleaning all pipework in accordance with Ref Doc (4) in Sect 1.6.6
• Hydrostatically pressure test all pipework in accordance with Ref Doc (6) in Sect
1.6.6
• Pneumatically pressure test all pipework in accordance with Ref Doc (5) in Sect
1.6.6
• Surface protect and paint in accordance with Ref Doc (9) in Sect 1.6.6
Any conflicts and discrepancies between the requirements of this specification and the
related Codes, regulatory bodies and national standards found by the Contractor shall
be brought to the attention of Company representative immediately. The Company
decision regarding the resolution of any such conflict will be final.

1.4.2 Exclusions
The following piping shall be excluded from the scope of this specification;
• All instrument control piping downstream of the first or second block valve.
• All heating, ventilation, air and water services within buildings unless otherwise

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Specification for Fabrication and Erection of
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157883-000-PI-SP-0007 Revision 1

indicated on the design drawings.

• Plastic pipe and fittings (RTRP/HDPE/CPVC)

1.5 Order of Precedence

In case of conflict between this Specification, other referenced specifications and the
above Codes and Standards, the conflict shall be brought to the Company attention for
resolution and approval in writing. In all cases, the most stringent requirements shall
apply.
Should any conflict occur as a result of complying with the data sheets and
specifications, the order of precedence shall be as follows:
• Data Sheets
• This Specification
• Other referenced project specifications
• Codes and standards referred to within this Specification and its attachments.

1.6 Codes and Standards

All pipework fabrication, testing and inspection shall be carried out in accordance with
the following Codes, Standards and Project Specifications, which form a part of this
specification, together with any other codes as specified on the drawings or
specifications.
Editions and all amendments shall be the latest publications available at the time of
Contract award. (Jan 2007)

1.6.1 American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)

ASME V Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section V, Non-
Destructive Examination.
ASME IX Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section IX, Welding and
Brazing Qualifications.
ASME A53 Specification for Pipe :- Steel, Black and Hot Dipped Zinc
Coated, Welded and Seamless.
ASTM A153 Zinc Coating (hot dip) on iron and steel Hardware.
ASTM A780 Repair of Damaged & Uncoated Areas of Hot dip
Galvanized Coatings.
ASME B16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges (seriesB)
ASME B16.9 Factory Made Wrought Steel Butt welding Fittings.
ASME B1.20.1 Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch).
ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
ASME B16.11 Forged Fittings - Socket Welding and Threaded
ASME B16.20 Metallic Gaskets for Pipe Flanges
ASME B16.21 Non Metallic Flat Gaskets for Pipe Flanges
ASME B16.25 Butt Welding Ends.
ASME B31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum Piping.

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ASME B16.36 Orifice Flanges

ASME B36.10M Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
ASME B30.19 Stainless Steel Pipe

1.6.2 American Petroleum Institute (API)

API 5L Specification for Line Pipe

1.6.3 National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)

NFPA 59A Production, Storage and Handling of Liquefied natural Gas

1.6.4 Pipe Fabrication Institute (PFI)

PFI ES-3 Fabrication Tolerances

1.6.5 International Standards Organization (ISO)

ISO 8501-1 Preparation of Steel Substrates before Application of Paints
and Related Products
ISO 9001 Quality Management Systems

1.6.6 Project Specifications

This Specification shall be read in conjunction with the following specifications as
applicable. All these will be supplied by the Contractor:
(1) 157883-000-PI-SP-0001
(2) 157883-000-MW-SP-0006
(3) 157883-000-PI-LI-0003
(4) 157883-000-PI-SP-0005
(5) 157883-000-PI-SP-0011
(6) 157883-000-PI-SP-0006
(7) 157883-000-PI-SP-0008
(8) 157883-000-PI-DR-0008
(9) 157883-000-MW-SP-0001
(10) 157883-000-PI-SP-0002
(11) 157883-000-PI-SP-0004
(12) 157883-000-PI-SP-0003
(13) 157883-000-PI-SP-0012
Piping Material Classes
Specification for Welding, Heat Treatment and NDE
of Pipework
Piping Specials Index and Data Sheets
Specification for Flushing and Cleaning of Pipework
Specification for high Pressure Leak Pneumatic
Testing of Pipework
Specification for Hydrostatic Leak Testing
of Pipework
Design, Supply, Fabrication & Installation of Pipe
Supports
Pipe Support Standards
Specification for Painting and Coating
Technical Specification for the Procurement of Pipe,
Fittings and Flanges
Technical Specification for the Procurement of Bolts
Technical Specification for the Procurement
of Gaskets
Technical Specification for the Procurement
of Valves

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(14) 157883-000-PI-SP-0015 Technical Specification for Bolt Torquing and

Tensioning
(15) 157883-000-PI-SP-0017 Technical Specification for Non-Metallic Pipework
(RTRP / HDPE/ CPVC)

1.7 Contractors Responsibilities

The Contractor will allow full access to the Company, their agents, and the Certifying
Authority, to all work areas, and to all documentation, relative to the work in hand.
The Contractor shall notify the Company in writing in accordance with an approved
engineering query procedure, of any proposed deviation or concession required from
this specification. The Companies decision in respect of the deviation or concession
request will be final.
The requirements of this specification will not relieve the Contractor from his
responsibility for producing work of the required quality and fitness for purpose. Where
the Contractor considers that deviation from this specification would give an improved
product, then the Company shall be informed in writing. The affected work will be held
until approval by the Company in writing has been obtained.
Company approval of the works does not relieve the Contractor of the responsibility for
also satisfying the Certifying authority.

2. DESIGN DRAWINGS
The Contractor’s engineering department will furnish piping detail drawings both
orthographic and Isometric type. Other drawings or standards showing typical details
will also be provided as applicable to identify the full scope of work.
The detail drawings will contain all the relevant dimensions for fabrication, together with
a matching bill of materials. The dimensions shown on the Isometric or detail drawings
will be the "actual true" dimension, with no allowance for weld gaps.
No allowance for gasket thickness is necessary, except as dimensioned on drawings.
The following abbreviations will be used on Fabrication isometrics:-

BOE Bevel One End NIP Nipple

BBE Bevel Both Ends OD Outside Diameter

BLE Bevel Large End PE Plain End

BE Bevel End PLE Plain Large End

BLD Blind WOL Weldolet

PBE Plain Both Ends WP Working Point

BOP Bottom of Pipe PSE Plain Small End

NS Near Side RED Reducer

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BW Butt Weld RF Raised Face

CL Centre Line RO Restriction Orifice

CRED Concentric Reducer SB Stud Bolts

COD Continued on drawing SCRD Screwed

COI Continued on Isometric SCH Schedule

CP Coupling SOF Slip-on-Flange

ERED Eccentric Reducer SOL Sockolet

EL Elevation SN Swage Nipple

FS Far Side SRE Short Radius elbow

FW Field Weld SW Socket Weld

FLG Flange or Flanged TBE Threaded Both Ends

FF Flat or Full Face TE Threaded End

HOR Horizontal TOE Threaded One End

HC Hose Connection TOL Threadolet

ID Inside Diameter TSE Threaded Small End

LRE Long Radius Elbow WNF Weld Neck Flange

LF Loose Flange FFW Field Fit Weld

3. MATERIALS
The Contractor will furnish all materials listed in the contract documents.
The Contractor will off-load, inspect, store and control all materials.. Each specific
material type shall be stored in a separate area.
All materials supplied will be in accordance with the Piping Material Classes and
Material Data Sheets, and be fully supported with the appropriate certification. If
materials are supplied directly to site for any reason they shall also comply to project
specifications.
Substitution of materials by the Contractor shall be approved in writing by the Company
before commencement of fabrication.
The Supply of all necessary materials and equipment to enable flushing, cleaning and
pressure testing to take place shall conform to project specifications.

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Standard pipe fittings shall be supplied to the manufacturing tolerances of the

applicable manufacturing standards.
Contractor personnel must handle and store incoming material in a manner to prevent
damage, deterioration, and unauthorised issue for use.
All material shall, upon receipt, be inspected to determine that all requirements are
met. The material shall be inspected for visible damage and freedom from dirt, soil, oil,
grease, cracks, breaks, and other detrimental conditions. Also the marking for
traceability to certificates shall be checked. Any anomalies found shall be documented
Contractor personnel shall assign the appropriate status classification to the inspected
material, as follows;
a) "Material Accepted" will be used when the material is found to be in accordance with
the applicable specification.
b) "Material Hold" will be used when it is impossible to determine material acceptability
due to insufficient information. The discrepancies shall be noted with reference to the
material certificates and unique identity marking. These materials shall be stored in a
specified Hold area.
c) "Material Rejected" shall be used when it is determined that any of the requirements
have not been met. These materials shall be removed and stored in a quarantine area.
Replacement shall be to the relevant specifications and Purchase Order requirements.
A procedure for rejection of materials found at any time during the fabrication not to be
in accordance with the applicable specifications shall be provided.
Materials that have been damaged or found to have defects shall not be used. Minor
surface marks may be dressed out providing the minimum wall thicknesses stated on
the Piping Material Specification and code requirements are maintained.

3.1 Transfer of Material Identification

A unique identification number shall be allocated to and physically marked on received
items. This numbering system shall be traceable to the material certificates.
This unique ID shall be maintained throughout the fabrication process. The original
identification marking on piping components shall also be maintained throughout the
fabrication process, including transfer of Colour Coding, where applicable
Before cutting, all the markings shall be transferred to each piece.
Marking on pipes shall be applied between 50 mm and 300mm from the cutting line
and shall be prominently highlighted by being framed with white colour paint.

3.2 Marking Technique

Marking is not permitted on weld bevels, flange faces, surfaces that will be hidden
following fabrication or on any surface intended for welding.
Marks may be made either by low stress dot, vibratory, round 'V' stamps, or project
approved paint marker.
Electro-etching may be used on stainless steel or Super Duplex stainless steel parts
after heat treatment.
When stamps are used, care must be taken not to cause dents, flat spots, cracks or
reduce the wall thickness of the component below the minimum allowed.

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Carbon steel stamps shall not be used on stainless steel or Super Duplex stainless
steel materials
Paints containing metallic pigment such as zinc or aluminium shall not be used on
stainless steel and non-ferrous materials.

4. FABRICATION

4.1 General
The fabrication of pipework shall be carried out in accordance with ASME B31.3, and
this specification.

4.2 Cleanliness of Components

Before the fabrication of pipe spools, each component shall be checked internally to
see that there is no obvious loose debris or blockages present. Pipe and fittings 40"
diameter and larger, can be internally inspected throughout by a person entering the
pipe. Smaller diameter pipe and fittings can be inspected with the aid of a strong light
source. All debris shall be removed before fabrication is started.
All internal protection coatings in pipes and fittings, whether of the paint type or grease
type, should have been removed by the vendor prior to shipment. If this is not done the
coatings must be completely removed by whatever suitable means before fabrication
starts.

4.3 Carbon Steel/Stainless Steel/Super duplex stainless steel Cross Contamination

To prevent cross contamination corrosion and staining of carbon steel, stainless steel
and super duplex stainless piping, separated areas shall be provided for fabrication
and storage. Tools, especially grinding discs and wire brushes, used for carbon steel
shall not be used for stainless steel or Super Duplex stainless steel, and likewise, tools
etc, used for stainless steel / Super duplex shall not be used for carbon steel.
For lifting stainless steel or super duplex fabricated spools non-metal strops shall be
used for direct attachment to the pipe, metal hooks, plate grips, clamps, chains or wire
strops shall not be used.
Pipe and fabricated spools, of any metallic material shall not be laid down or stored
resting on metal bearers, wooden bearers shall be used.

4.4 Spool Fabrication

The following points shall be taken into consideration when pipework is being pre-
fabricated into sections and sub-assemblies.
• Transport and handling limitations.
• Erection limitations.
• Field weld positions

All pipework, fittings and flanges shall have the proprietary protective coating removed
to at least 50 mm from the pipe cut end prior to welding.

4.5 End Preparation and Cutting

Pipe cutting may be done using any suitable normal workshop method.

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The weld preparation on the ends of pipe and fittings shall preferably be formed by
machining. Other methods may be used, such as thermal cutting or grinding provided
that a smooth correctly contoured surface is obtained, free from tears, slag or scale
and the end is suitable for welding.
Weld joint preparation shall be in accordance with ASME B31.3 para 328.4 or ASME
B16.25.

4.6 Fabricated Lengths

Short lengths of pipe should not be welded together to form longer lengths if the new
length required is shorter than 3 metres. If this requirement cannot be met, agreement
with the Site Engineer shall be sought. The number of circumferential welds on straight
pipe runs shall be kept to a minimum.
The minimum distance between toes of adjacent circumferential welds on straight pipe
shall be 50mm or six times the thickest wall thickness, whichever is the greater.
If unavoidable, these distances may be less but may need post weld heat treatment.
Any instances of this shall be agreed with the Site Engineer before proceeding.

4.7 Staggering and Spacing of Welds

Longitudinal weld seams at butt welds in adjoining lengths of pipe, fabricated tees and
bends, shall preferably be staggered 180 degrees apart and be positioned at 45
degrees from the normal centre lines. 90 degree staggering can also be used to avoid
branch or attachment welds. Where this is not possible in order to avoid a branch or
attachment weld a minimum distance between longitudinal weld centrelines of 75mm
measured circumferentially is acceptable.
Where it is not possible to meet the above requirements, the following rules shall be
applied on a strictly one by one basis;
a) Longitudinal pipe butt welds to longitudinal pipe butt welds, and longitudinal
pipe butt welds to inset full penetration welds at branch fittings, shall not be
closer than 2.5 X the wall thickness of the thickest wall thickness from centre to
centre of the welds.
b) Longitudinal pipe butt welds next to fillet welds at branches shall not be closer
than 1.6 X the wall thickness of the thickest wall thickness from the centre of
the butt weld to the toe of the fillet weld.
Branch fittings shall always be positioned clear of pipe butt welds
Where it is not possible to comply with any of the above rules, the Site Engineer shall
be notified and an agreed solution found. This may involve post weld heat treatment or
a change in piping configuration.

4.8 Field Fit Welds (FFW)

'Field fit weld’ note on Isometric Drawings indicates that the pipe has been cut 150mm
longer than the dimensions shown to allow for cutting and fitting during erection. The
additional ‘FFW’ length shall be left square and plain.

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4.9 Flanges
Flatness of gasket faces. Flange gasket faces shall not be concave. Convexity of
flange gasket faces shall not be greater than 0.4mm across the outer diameter of the
gasket face. This should be checked prior to welding.
All flange bolt holes in vertical piping shall straddle the Plant North-South centre lines,
and all flange bolt holes in horizontal piping shall straddle the horizontal centre lines,
unless specified otherwise on the Isometric Drawing.
The fabrication of orifice flanges shall receive special attention to ensure that the
pressure tappings are positioned as shown on the Isometric Drawing, and that the pipe
bore is smooth and free from projections at the flange to pipe weld. The pipe to flange
weld in the inside of the pipe can be ground smooth and flat to the inside profile of the
pipe if necessary, but must not be under cut.
Slip on type flanges if permitted shall be fully welded inside and outside.
Flanges for shop fabricated spools that are to be supplied loose for site positioning and
welding, shall be tack welded to the end of the fabricated length.

4.10 Reinforced Branch Connections

Branch reinforcement pads shall be made from the same material as the pipe and shall
be accurately shaped and "set-on" to suit the contour of the run pipe.
Each reinforcement pad or fully welded segment shall be provided with one hole, the
hole shall be positioned centrally in the plate and shall be filled with a waterproof
mastic after attachment.

4.11 Tolerances (Refer to Figure 1)

The tolerances on linear dimensions applying to piping fabrication and erection are
shown in Figure 1 in section 16.
Tolerances on linear dimensions are not cumulative.
Angular tolerances of bends and branches shall be maintained within + 1/4 degree.
Approved changes to dimensions or elevations from the approved AFC drawings that
are made during fabrication or installation shall be documented and incorporated into
the relevant “As-Built” documentation.

4.12 Non Pressure Attachments

Fillet welds for non-pressure attachments such as pipe supports, pipe support doubler
plates etc shall normally be a minimum distance of 2 x the pipe wall thickness weld toe
to weld toe from pipe butt welds or adjacent fillet welds.
Fillet welds shall not be laid in the same direction and on top of pipe butt welds.
Fillet welds for directly attaching pipe trunnions and tee bar shoes will normally avoid
pipe butt welds by design. However if a trunnion or shoe position still covers a butt weld
and cannot be moved then a doubler plate shall be used to straddle the butt welds in a
manor described in the narrative below.
In no circumstances shall welds be laid across PWHT butt welds or be closer than
50mm toe to toe of the welds.

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The following procedure shall be adopted for doubler plate fillet welds crossing
circumferential or longitudinal pipe butt welds;
The longitudinal pipe seam weld should be 100% RT certified by the pipe vendor.
Documentation should be checked prior to proceeding.
Circumferential butt welds shall be RT and cleared before proceeding.
Doubler plates shall be of the same material and thickness as the pipe, and cover a
minimum of 90º of the pipe circumference. Details of typical doubler plates can be
found in the Pipe Supports Standards Ref Doc. (8)
All doubler plates shall be provided with one drilled hole. The hole shall be positioned
centrally in the plate and shall be filled with a waterproof mastic after attachment.
The doubler plate shall be located as centrally as possible over the butt welds. Mark
the positions on the pipe where the fillet welds will cross the pipe butt welds. These
areas shall be ground smooth for the width, plus 10mm each side, of the proposed fillet
welds. The grinding is only required to smooth the profile of the butt weld and to
remove all surface imperfections. Do not grind below the surface profile of the pipe.
The ground areas shall be inspected for faults using DPI or MPI.
To get the attachment plate to sit tight onto the pipe, the plate can be ground away
locally on the underside to fit over the butt weld profile. The attachment plate shall be
fillet welded in position using full fillet welds all round.
Welding preheat as required by the approved welding procedure shall be maintained
during welding of the attachment to carbon steel pipes.
On completion of welding, 100% MPI/DPI of all affected welds shall be performed,
paying particular attention to the weld crossing points.

4.13 Fit Up and Alignment

Pipework to be welded shall be properly supported, carefully aligned and held securely
in position by clamps, root tack welds, or wedges, which do not interfere with the
placing of a continuous root run.
All pipework shall be adequately supported during fabrication in order to prevent
movement and minimise stress at the joint during alignment and tacking.
All welding of fit-up tacks and temporary attachments tacks must be performed by
qualified welders using Contractor approved qualified procedures. Ref Doc (2) in Sect
1.6.6
Defective tack welds and those which are not to be included into the root pass, shall be
completely removed by grinding, before completion of welding and the area inspected
using MPI/DPI.
Temporary attachments shall be of the same material composition as the parent
material and welding them to the pipe shall be performed by qualified welders. They
shall be removed by cutting 3mm above the surface and followed by grinding flush. The
area shall then be surface crack detected to confirm the absence of defects.
The ends of pipework and piping components to be welded shall be accurately aligned
in accordance with the requirements of ASME B31.3. The maximum internal diameter
misalignment shall be 1.5mm.
Pipes with a wall thickness less than 6mm shall not have internal misalignment greater
than 12.5 percent of the wall thickness.

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Where miss-match of the bores results in misalignment greater than stated above, this
shall be corrected by taper or counter boring, rolling or drifting in accordance with
ASME B31.3. Care shall be taken to ensure that the wall thickness after alignment is
not reduced below the minimum wall thickness including corrosion allowance, specified
in the Piping Material Specification.

4.14 Threading
Unless specified otherwise on the design drawings, all threads shall be 'Taper' to
ASME B1.20.1 and concentric to the outside of the pipe. All threading shall be carried
out after forging or heat treatment but where this is not possible suitable thread
protection must be provided.
Where threaded flanges are specified, the pipe shall terminate 1.5mm short of the face
of the flange.
Threaded joints that are to be 'seal welded' shall be made up dry (without thread
compound or tape).
The use of worn or damaged dies for thread cutting will not be permitted. Under sized
or damaged threads shall be rejected.
Proprietary thread cutting lubricants shall be utilised.
Care shall be taken to ensure that the correct number of threads enter each fitting and
that the fitting does not bottom either on the end of the pipe or on the 'wash-out thread'.
Jointing compounds and thread sealing pastes shall be a PTFE base and the
manufacturer's temperature limitations shall be observed for these products.
PTFE tape shall not be used in threaded joints.
Any excessive wrench markings on pipe and fittings due to joint making shall be cause
for rejection.
Exposed pipe threads and acceptable wrench markings on pre-galvanised pipe and
fittings, can be repaired using cold galvanizing. The exposed threads shall be
degreased, and the damaged areas smoothed, followed by wire brushing to ISO 8501-
1 Grade St 2 followed by two coats of two pack zinc rich epoxy coating..

4.15 Bends
All changes of direction shall be made using standard bends as specified in Ref Doc
(1) in Sect 1.6.6, and as shown on design drawings.

4.16 Circumferential Welds

All pipe to pipe butt joints shall be circumferentially welded in accordance with ASME
B31.3. and Ref Doc (2) in Sect 1.6.6

4.17 Fillet, Socket and Seal Welds

Fillet welds shall be used for attaching slip-on flanges where permitted, set on branch
connections, reinforcing plates and structural attachments to pipe. These welds shall
be in accordance with the design drawings and welding requirements in Ref Doc (2) in
Sect 1.6.6.
All fillet welds shall be continuous and their surfaces shall be free from marked
irregularities, and shall be overlapped at the "stop/start" position by at least 10mm.

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Care shall be taken during the assembly of socket weld joints to ensure there is a
1.5mm gap between the end of the pipe and the bottom of the socket in the fitting.
Where seal welding of threaded joints is required by the Piping and Valve specification,
these shall be carried out by qualified welders using Project approved qualified
procedures. No thread compound or lubricants shall be used when assembling these
joints.

4.18 Galvanizing
Where specified in the piping specifications, pipework 2”NB and below shall be
supplied in the galvanized condition and shall be of threaded construction. All threaded
components will be galvanized un-assembled.
Galvanizing items supplied will conform to the requirements of ASTM A153 and project
document Ref Doc (9) in Sect 1.6.6. In the event of damage to the zinc coating after
galvanizing, small defects may be renovated by using cold galvanizing. This must be
carried out strictly in accordance with the requirements specified in Ref. Doc (9) in Sect
1.6.6

5. SUPPLEMENTARY FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS

5.1 Austenitic Stainless or Super Duplex Stainless Steel

This section shall be read in conjunction with the main body of this Specification and
lists any significant differences and additional precautions required for the fabrication
and cleaning of austenitic stainless steel prior to heating or welding,
All surfaces and edges of austenitic stainless or super duplex steels which are to be
heated for any purpose, e.g. cutting, forming or welding, shall be free from traces of
contaminants such as paint, grease, soap, sulphur containing compounds, etc., and
low melting point metals including zinc, lead and tin.
Cleaning shall be accomplished by light grinding, wire brushing, and or solvent
cleaning. To avoid contamination separate (clearly defined) sets of cleaning and
grinding equipment shall be maintained for austenitic stainless and super duplex steel.
Note; tools used on stainless steels shall not be used at any time for carbon steel work.
Hot austenitic stainless steel or super duplex shall not be allowed to come into contact
with carbonaceous materials, or oil or grease.
Grinding shall be carried out using resin bonded aluminium or silicon carbide grinding
wheels. Rubber bonded wheels or wheels containing sulphur shall be not used. Wheels
previously used on ferritic or duplex steels shall not be used on austenitic stainless
steel.
Wire brushes used on stainless steel or duplex stainless steel materials shall have
stainless steel bristles. Brushes previously used on carbon steel are not permitted.
Internal and external surfaces shall be cleaned for a distance of at least 25mm from the
fusion face.
Flame cutting of austenitic or super duplex stainless is not allowed. Pipework shall be
cut to size and bevelled by machining or plasma arc cutting.
Where plasma arc cutting is used all heat-affected surfaces adjacent to the cut must be
cleaned prior to cutting by degreasing and light grinding or wire brushing to bright
metal.

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6. TREATMENT AFTER FABRICATION AND ERECTION.

6.1 Cleaning and Flushing

The bore of all fabricated pipework shall be clean, free from all rust, scale, weld
splatter, or other debris.
On completion of the fabrication, the inside and outside of all spools and assemblies
shall be cleaned of loose scale, dirt, sand, weld spatter and swarf using any suitable
method. The assembly shall then be blown out with compressed air, dried and the
inside inspected for cleanliness.

6.2 Flushing
Where specified on the design drawings, all erected pipework shall be flushed and
cleaned. Ref Doc (4) in Sect 1.6.6

6.3 Pressure Testing

Pressure testing shall be carried out in accordance with Ref Docs (5) and (6) in Sect
1.6.6

6.4 Marking
Fabricated parts requiring trial shop assembly shall be match marked with white paint
to facilitate erection. Throughout the fabrication process each pipe shall carry the
identification marking.
All fabricated pipe spools shall be marked with the spool and area numbers assigned to
them by the isometric drawings. All markings shall be applied after the application of
any permanent protective coatings.
Pipe spool identification markings shall be clearly written on the pipe using an alkyd,
brilliant white colour paint, in two places at diametrically opposite sides and on one
tough plastic tag plate secured to the spool piece with 2 tough electrical wire ties or
straps.
The use of die-stamping, scratching, etching or bead welding for pipe identification
marking shall not be permitted. (see section 3.2)
In the event that temporary identification markings are required during cleaning,
painting or a similar operation, marking shall be die stamped on a metal tag to be
securely wired to the fabrication. The temporary tag shall be replaced with the more
permanent markings as above when the work has been completed.
Austenitic or super duplex stainless steels shall not be marked with crayons or paint
containing sulphur, zinc, lead, aluminium, or compound sulphur. Use of tin or any other
elements likely to cause intergranular penetration or cause other deleterious effects
during fabrication or at the service temperature are prohibited
All postweld heat-treated (stress relieved) spools shall be clearly marked ‘HT’ on the
identification metal tag.
On each weld on each pipe spool that has been radiographed, the radiographic zero
point shall be clearly marked.
In addition to the pipe spool identification, the welder’s identification reference shall be
marked.

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6.5 Protection for Shipping and Handling

After shop fabrication of pipe spools, the spools shall be protected from corrosion and
mechanical damage before being generally handled, from fabrication shop to lay down
area and transfer from laydown area to installation.
Machined surfaces of flange faces, joint areas, threaded connections, weld bevels, etc.
shall be protected by coating with a Project approved, viscous, water repellent, grease.
Flanges shall be blanked with bolted or steel strapped 10mm thick plywood or 2mm
thick metal covers no smaller than the flange O.D. Cover plates shall be secured with 4
bolts and nuts. The outer diameter of the flange and cover plate shall be covered with
a minimum of two layers of heavy duty self adhesive tape to prevent water and debris
entering the gap between the flange and the cover plate.
Purpose made heavy duty tough plastic covers or caps may also be used.
Threaded connections shall be closed with a steel pipe plug or cap.
Welding ends shall be clean and be ready for welding. The welding end shall be
blanked off and protected from corrosion and mechanical damage. Rigid plugs or discs
of non-absorbent material securely held in position shall be provided and the pipe
ends, discs or plugs shall be sealed off using heavy duty adhesive tape. Purpose made
heavy duty plastic covers may also be used..
Flanges shipped loose shall be protected on both face and ends as described above.
Piping and components shall be stored under cover as required and be out of contact
with the ground and shall be regularly examined to ensure the materials do not
deteriorate. Corrosion protection shall be renewed as necessary. Pipe or piping
components shall be protected from exposure to salt water or salt spray.

7. FIELD RUN PIPE LINES

Field run lines shall normally be restricted to pipework of 1½”NB and below.
Galvanised threaded pipe shall be field run at sizes 2” NB and below.
Field run lines shall be run generally in accordance with the routing indication on the
piping Isometrics.
All field run lines shall be installed in an orderly manner, consistent with good
operation, neatness of appearance, safety of personnel, economy and usage of the
minimum number of fittings consistent with provisions for expansion and flexibility.
All piping shall be arranged to facilitate practical supporting and run where ever
possible with other pipe routings. Routing shall be planned for ease of removal of
equipment for inspection and servicing.
All field run piping shall comply with the requirements of Ref Doc (1) in Sect 1.6.6 and
ASME B31.3

8. PAINTING AND PROTECTION

8.1 Painting
Pipework shall be painted and coated in accordance with Ref Doc (9) in Sect 1.6.6

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8.2 Protection from Blast Cleaning and Painting

Before starting to blast clean or paint any pipework all machined surfaces of flange
faces, joint areas, threaded connections, weld bevels, etc. shall be protected against
damage or coating by covering or masking with suitably robust materials. Particular
attention shall be paid to keeping blast cleaning grit out of the bore of the pipes. All
access holes into the pipe shall be securely and robustly sealed off.

9. INSTALLATION OF PIPEWORK

9.1 General Requirements

Pipework shall be installed in accordance with the Codes, Standards and Project
referenced documents listed in Sect 1.6.6 All work performed and completed must
meet the approval of the Certifying Authority when applicable.
The scheduling of work to carry out the installation of pipework shall be co-ordinated
with the work schedules of other trades and disciplines involved in the overall
construction.

9.2 Pre-installation and Assembly Inspection

An identification system should be put in place such that each pipe spool is uniquely
identified and that the progress of each pipe spool throughout the process can be
audited by Quality control
The system shall include a method of confirming the status of each pipe spool.

9.3 Pipework Erection

All pipes shall be inspected before erection to ensure that they are internally clean and
free from excessive rust scale and other debris.
Where possible pipes should be erected on their designated pipe supports. However
during erection of pipework, suitable additional temporary supports shall be provided to
ensure that no undue stresses are imposed on the pipe, connected equipment or
support structures.
Temporary supports and assemblies used to facilitate the erection of pipework shall
meet the project safety requirements.
Care shall be taken to avoid undue strain being placed on vessel or equipment
nozzles, the whole vessel or item of equipment etc. by unsupported lengths of piping.
Drainage falls shall be maintained throughout as specified on the drawings.
It is the responsibility of the erection team to check alignment of vessel flanges prior to
installation of prefabricated pipework. Where misalignment is found, the pipe flange
shall be re-aligned, not the vessel flange. The erection of a spool incorporating 'FFW'
requirements shall be carried out taking full advantage of the additional pipe for
adjustment to avoid undue installed stresses in the completed pipe line.
Pipework shall be fitted into place without springing or forcing. The use of hammering
or localized heating to gain alignment is forbidden.
All piping connected to equipment shall be supported so that minor equipment, valves
etc., can be readily removed without further supporting of the pipe and with the
minimum of dismantling.

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In-line instruments, e.g. orifice plates, control valves, etc., shall be installed under the
direction of the Site Engineer, taking account of flushing and testing requirements.
In-line items removed for testing or other proprietary items awaiting installation shall
be protected during fabrication, in accordance with the Manufacturer's Instructions.

9.4 Flanged Joints

All flanged joints shall be brought up flush and square so that the entire mating
surfaces bear uniformly on the gasket, and then made up with uniform bolt tension. The
alignment tolerance shall not exceed those specified in Figure 1 in section16.
It is recommended that the maximum differential stress between two bolts in a flange
joint shall not exceed 20% of the lower stress.
When bolting flange joints with spiral wound gaskets, the gasket shall be compressed
evenly to the thickness of the guide ring. Gasket compression shall be spot checked
during bolt tensioning in line with manufacturer's recommendations.
Flanged faces shall be cleaned of all dirt, grease and protective coatings and shall be
inspected for defects such as scratches or dents prior to installation.

9.5 Equipment Flange Connections

Flange covers shall be retained on all flange connections to mechanical equipment
until ready to connect the mating piping. On removal of covers from mating spools,
operatives shall carry out a visual inspection of internals.
Flanges connecting to strain sensitive mechanical equipment, e.g. pumps,
compressors, turbines, etc. shall be fitted up in close parallel and lateral alignment prior
to tightening the bolting. Tightening of bolting shall only take place with dial gauges
fitted to the equipment drive shaft coupling or other set up as specified by the
equipment supplier, in order to detect unacceptable strain before permanent damage is
incurred. To achieve this true alignment full advantage shall be taken of the 'FFW'
allowances and loose flanges and by packing or adjusting pipe supports.
The make up of flange connections to strain sensitive equipment shall be the last
connection made on completion of a line or interconnecting system of lines complete
with permanent supports. All alignment work must be completed and approved before
finally bolting up the joint. Heating of pipework to achieve alignment of flanges at
equipment is not permitted.
All openings in vessels, columns and other similar equipment items shall be clean and
free from obstruction prior to being connected to the pipework.

9.6 Gaskets and Jointings

Care shall be taken to ensure that the correct type of gasket, materials and thickness
as specified in the Piping Classes and on piping isometrics is used.
Care shall be taken to ensure that correct gasket lubricant, if any, as specified by the
manufacturer and required by the Piping and Valve Specification is used.
Care shall be taken to ensure that the gasket and mating flanges are clean, true and
free from defects.
Care shall be taken to ensure that gaskets do not, under any circumstances, protrude
into the bore of the pipe.

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Gaskets shall be treated in accordance with the manufacturer recommendations.

9.7 Bolting
Care shall be taken to ensure that all bolting materials and types used are in
accordance with the service requirements as specified on individual material
specifications the Piping Classes and as detailed on the piping isometrics.
All flange bolting shall be checked for correct grade and that they are free from damage
to the bolt/nut and any coating prior to fitting.
Nuts and studs shall be easily assembled by hand, over tight threading shall be
rejected.
All flange bolting shall be free to move through mating flanges holes in a plane at right
angles to the flange face and parallel to the pipe run.
Each stud bolt shall be assembled with a projection of between 1 and 2 1/2 full threads
beyond the nut at each end. This does not apply when bolt tensioning equipment is
being used. Refer to Ref Doc. (14)
All nut bearing faces, bolt and stud bolt threads shall be coated with colloidal
molybdenum disulphide or an equal lubricant immediately before being assembled to a
flange joint. The lubricant type must be agreed with the supplier of any bolt
torquing/tensioning equipment.
Construction shall check bolting for tightness and correct tension on completion of
pressure testing.
Bolt pre-tensioning equipment is normally be used to tighten all bolting of 1 1/8"
diameter or larger. The bolt tensioning equipment manufacturers instructions must
followed and tension loads shall be calculated using approved calculation charts and
data from the Ref Doc (14) Torque/Tensioning
The hiring of necessary pre-tensioning equipment and/or expertise for bolt tensioning
shall be determined by Construction personnel as considered necessary
Flogging up of nuts shall not be permitted and use of the correct torque equipment is
mandatory.

10. INSTALLATION OF VALVES

Valves shall be orientated in the line as detailed on the piping isometric drawings and
shall be readily operable and maintainable when in-situ, and readily removable.
The gland packing of valves shall be checked and tightened if necessary during hydro-
testing.
Where no indication exists on isometric or piping G.A., gate, butterfly, globe and ball
valves in horizontal lines shall be installed with their stems orientated as follows in
order of preference:
Care shall be taken to retain locating bolts supplied with wafer type butterfly or check
valves.
Care shall be taken to install all valves in the correct direction of flow. Manufacturer’s
instructions should always be sought.

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10.1 Manual Valves

a) Vertically upwards (not butterfly)

b) Horizontal (Preferable for butterfly valves) (not cryogenic valves)
c) Upward at 45 deg
d) Downward at 45 deg (to be avoided) (not cryogenic valves)
e) Vertically downward (to be avoided) (not cryogenic valves)

10.2 Actuated Valves

Gate, globe (including 3 way and Y type) shall only be mounted with the stem vertically
upwards.
Ball and plug valves, and cryogenic butterfly valves, shall be mounted with the stem
vertical. Unless directed otherwise by the manufacturer.
Butterfly valves shall be mounted with the stem horizontal unless directed otherwise by
the manufacturer.
Wafer check valves in horizontal lines shall have the hinge pins installed vertically.

11. INSTALLATION OF PIPE SUPPORTS

11.1 General
Only pipe supports of the type specified in the design and piping drawings shall be
used. See Ref Docs (7) & (8) in section 1.6.6.

11.2 Fabrication
Pipe supports shall be fabricated in accordance with the project pipe support design
specifications Ref Docs (7) & (8) in section 1.6.6.
Pipe supports shall not be welded to the pipe line unless specified in the design and
piping drawings.
Pipe support elements, which are welded directly to the pipeline during the fabrication
of the pipe or pipe spool, shall be in accordance with section 4.12 and Ref Doc (2) in
Sect 1.6.6
Non-pressure attachment fillet weld details shall be as detailed on the pipe support
drawings.

11.3 Installation
Pipe supports shall be installed in accordance with the project pipe support design
drawings.
During installation force shall not be used to align pipes to support locations, the
support shall be adjusted or packed to meet the pipe position and with the correct
clearances where specified on the support drawing.
Permanent pipe supports shall, where possible, be installed before the erection of the
associated pipework.
Care should be taken to ensure the adequate support of heavy valves and fittings
before the pipework is erected or subjected to pressure test.

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The burning of holes in structural steelwork or component parts is strictly forbidden.

Supporting steelwork shall be set at the correct elevation, being true and level in all
respects.
Metallic surfaces of supports which will be inaccessible after erection shall be prepared
and coated before assembly of the component, in accordance with the Painting and
Coating Specification Ref. Doc (9)
Hanger rods shall be adjusted to hang correctly after tightening of all components
parts, surplus threading may be removed.
Pipe hangers shall not be used as temporary lifting attachments.
The use of adjacent structures or equipment as temporary supporting of lifting
attachments shall not be permitted unless authority has been obtained from the Site
Engineer.
Spring support units shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions and shall not have 'stops' removed until completion of pressure testing .
'Stops' shall be colour tagged by manufacturer for identification.
All temporary supports and lashings shall be removed after the pipework has been
flushed and pressure tested.

12. INSTALLATION OF INSTRUMENTATION

All instruments installed shall be capable of complete, or if specified, part removal for
maintenance purposes.
Unless otherwise instructed, in-line instruments shall not be installed prior to flushing
or pressure testing of the pipework.
As specified in the flushing and pressure testing specifications 'dummy' spools shall be
inserted in place of in-line instruments during erection to facilitate pressure flushing and
pressure testing.

13. INSPECTION
All aspects of the work at any reasonable time during fabrication, testing or on
completion should be made available for inspection by the Company, by certifying
agents or quality control representatives.
All pipework shall be fully checked against the design drawings and other related
documents to verify that all dimensions, orientations and sequence of connections or
positions of branches and instrument connections are correct and within tolerance.
Non-compliance with any requirement of this specification may result in rejection of
fabricated spools or sections of erected pipework.

14. CERTIFICATION AND RECORDS

A data book for the fabrication work shall be produced. This shall be handed to the
Company at the completion of the work with the required number of copies. It shall
include the following as a minimum and also comply with the requirements of the
Purchase Order;
• Mill Certificates covering all materials furnished by the Vendor.
• Welding procedure specifications and their qualification test results.
• Welders identification and qualification certificates.

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• Welding documentation referred to in the Specification for Welding and Inspection

of Pipework .
• NDE reports.
• Records of heat treatment after welding.
• Hardness test certificates.
• Records of weld repairs necessitated by failure to comply with Inspection
requirements.
• Welding consumable certificates (where necessary).
• Charts or other records of hydrostatic pressure tests.
Certificates and records to be retained by the Company will be stated in the Project
Contract documents.

15. QUALITY SYSTEM

For Quality requirements reference should be made to the relevant purchase orders
and construction contracts.
A quality system to ISO 9001 shall be operated during
The level of assurance of quality may be determined and monitored by the Company.
Before commencing production welding, a quality plan shall be produced and
approved by the Company.

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16. FIGURE 1: DIMENSIONAL TOLERANCES

Tolerances are based on PFI Standard ES-3

A
Tangent length

Max out of plane for

weld preparation for;
Inert Gas Weld joints
0.03” (0.8mm),
Other types of weld
0.09” (2.3mm)
B – Tolerances on fitting to
fitting dimensions shall be
based on ASME Specification
A

for Fittings and Flanges For bend dimensions

and tolerances see
PFI standard ES-24
B

B
Max out of plane for
flange face measured
A

across the full diameter;

B

0.05” (1.2mm) or 0.03”

(0.8mm) whichever is
the greater

A
A
A

X Offset 0.12”
X
A

(3mm) Max
A

Max out of position

of bolt holes
A

measured as shown
0.06” (1.5mm)

A Section XX
A

A – Tolerance on linear dimensions;

Up to 10” ND, ± 0.12” (3mm)
12” through 24” ND, ± 0.2” (5mm)
Over 24” through 36” ND, ± 0.25” (6mm)
Over 36” through 48” ND, ± 0.32” (8mm)
Over 48” through 60” ND, ± 0.38” (10mm)
Over 60” through 72” ND, ± 0.44” (11mm)
A

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