SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

SITE ANALYSIS

LOCATION- JAISALMER

NAME- MANASI SONAR.

BVDU COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE,PUNE.
M.ARCH SEM-1
 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
SITE ANALYSIS
Added points-
1) 3 site options
2) About city, climate, culture, hydro-geology
3) DP plan, bylaws
4) Nearby places
5) Site, Site surroundings
6) Topography, site matrix, site section
7) IMD data
8) Radiation chart, Bio-climatic chart for indoor and outdoor
9) Vegetation
10) Design strategies for Hot and Dry climate
11) Vernacular Architecture for Hot and Dry climate
SITE SELECTION-
OPTION-1
City- Jaisalmer, Rajasthan.
➢ Amenities are not nearby.
➢ Vegetation on site is not
available.
➢ This site situated on outskirts of
Jaisalmer city so not easily
accessible.

OPTION-2
➢ Proper access not available.
➢ It comes under reservation land.
➢ Amenities are not nearby.
➢ Only shrubs are available on site.

OPTION-3
➢ Site comes under residential zone. LOCATION OF SITE –
➢ All the amenities are on walking distance. Jaisalmer, Rajasthan
CO-ORDINATE-
➢ Neem, Peepal, khejri tress are available on site.
Latitude- 26° 54’ N ,
➢ The roads connected to the site are properly designed Longitude- 70° 55 E
which controls traffic properly. MEAN SEA LEVEL- 242M
➢ Area of site is good enough to provide all the amenities. TOPOGRAPHY- Slight slope of 0.4M
towards south
 SITE ANALYSIS
ABOUT THE CITY- Popularly called as the "Golden City", CULTURE: The city has so much to offer in terms of its culture, music,
Jaisalmer is one of the most famous destinations in the state of architecture, crafts and traditions that every year people from around the
Rajasthan. Situated in the westernmost region of Rajasthan, world flock to this wonderland to get a taste of the desert life. Irrespective of
the town is known for its location right in the middle of Thar the adverse conditions faced by Jaisalmer in its terrain and climate
Desert. Tourists love going out for a Desert Safari amidst the HYDRO-GEOLOGY:
vast sand dunes of the desert. Jaisalmer stands mighty and Central Ground Water Board has so far drilled 96 exploratory wells, 17
proud and welcome tourist from all over the world to get observation wells, 16 slim holes and 20 piezometers. Since 1973, monitoring
accustomed to her magical world of color, history and fable. of water levels is being carried out four times a year during the months of
Area: 38,201 sq. km January, May, August and November. Samples for water quality analyses are
Founded on: 1156 AD collected during the month of May. Ground water regime is being monitored
Founded by: Maharaja Jaisal Singh through 62 National Hydrograph 2 Network Stations.
Location: Jaisalmer is located in Indian state of Rajasthan. From
Jaipur, it is in the West direction.
AMENITIES: Grocery store- 800M, Garden- 500M,
School- 700M, Market- 400M
CLIMATE: Jaisalmer Climate is influenced by its position amidst
the Great Indian Desert. The region experiences an arid climate
through the year. The temperature remains low during the
winter season while summers are characterized by cold and
dry Jaisalmer weather. The region is drained by very scanty
rainfall during the monsoon season. The climate of Jaisalmer
during the winter season remains cold and dry. The day
temperature rises to a maximum of 24 degrees centigrade
while the night time temperatures fall to 7 or 8 degree
centigrade. The winter season lasts between the months of
November and February.
 SITE SELECTION
DP PLAN: According to dp plan site is
allotted for residential purpose with main
road of 30 m in front on north side of the
site and 12 m internal road on the west and
south side of the site.

-Site

Building Bye-laws as per UDCR BOOK:

SITE AREA- 18000 SQ M
HEIGHT LIMIT - 8 M

EMPTY
LAND
MARGINAL DISTABCES- 4M
FROM NORTH SIDE- 30M.
FROM WEST SIDE- 12M.
FROM SOUTH SIDE- 12M.
 NEARBY PLACES

Railway Station- 1500M Airport-1100M Jaisalmer Fort-1800M

GGSSS School- 700M Desert National Park Safari, Kothari Patwa Haweli- 1400M
Jaisalmer- 900M from site

Government Hospital- 2400M Gadisar Lake- 300M Thar Heritage Museum- 300M
 SITE ANALYSIS

Residential area

30M WIDE ROAD

Empty
land

0.4M SLOPE
 SITE ANALYSIS

Site –Total site area – 18000 sq.m

Topography – site is having slope of 0.4M from north side to south side.
Vegetation – site has some native trees pre planted and fully grown on site which includes neem, pipal and etc
Site Surroundings -
This site is located at the edge of outskirts of city.
Site is surrounded by group of houses , empty land and a lake diagonal to the south west of the site.
Site is having access from north having 30 m wide road and from west with 12 m wide road.

SITE SECTION- 0.4M slope towards south

SITE ANALYSIS
Highest temperature-
May, June, July
41, 40, 36.6 Respectively
Lowest temperature-
January, February, December
41, 40, 36.6
Precipitation-
Highest- July, August
599.2, 72.2
WIND DIRECTIONS-
South west and north west
CLOUD COVER-
Highest- July, August
44%, 44%
SKY CLEARANCE-
Highest- April, May,
November, December
80%, 85%, 88%, 80%
SITE ANALYSIS

STRATEGIES-
➢ Larger building dimensions should face north & south.
➢ The size of the windows on the east and west sides
should be minimized in order to reduce heat gain
➢ The flat roof is a good reflector and re-radiates heat
efficiently, especially if it consists of a solid, white painted
material.
➢ The courtyard should provide with water and plants, it
will act as a cooling source.
➢ Direct evaporative cooling required throughout the
months.
 FLORA AND FAUNA OF JAISALMER

PEEPAL TREE GOOGAL TREE BER TREE KHARO TREE

KHEJRI TREE NEEM TREE SHISHAM TREE BANAYAN TREE

 DESIGN STRATEGIES
Outdoor planning/Outdoor spaces-
➢ As most day-to-day activities take place outside, it is important to treat the external
spaces just as carefully as the indoors.
➢ Adjacent buildings, pavements, roads heat up quickly and cause a glare onto the
building during the day and at night, they radiate the heat stored during the day.
➢ One way to avoid this is to place walls protecting external spaces, to keep out dust
and winds.
➢ Also, landscaping like trees, plants and water in enclosed spaces will cool the air by
evaporation.
➢ But the best solution is courtyards. In these a pool of night air is retained, as this is
heavier than surrounding warm air
➢ A small courtyard is excellent as a thermal regulator. Courtyard design with
evaporative cooling

Settlement planning-
➢ Topography, to enhance the efficiency of passive means
➢ Orientation, to reduce the sun exposure in summer.
➢ Air movement, to provide ample ventilation in summer and protect from winds in
winter.
➢ Form, to design compact settlements for mutual protection.
➢ Hazards, to avoid dangerous sites Typical settlement for hot-dry regions.
Overview of design principles- DESIGN STRATEGIES
➢ Courtyard or Patio 1. Bedrooms-on the east side.
➢ White Colored walls (“cool” colours reduce heat reflection ) 2. Living rooms-on the north or south side.
➢ Arrangement of the houses in is very closely packed to each other.
➢ Vegetation (reduces the temperature, filter’s the dust in and around
the house, elevates the humidity level may reduce as well as
increase the wind speed)
➢ small openings
➢ double roof or white single roof
➢ thick walls
➢ big basin to collect rainwater
➢ louvered windows
➢ pergolas
➢ a water body
Hot & dry climate-
➢ Orientation and placement, to minimize sun exposure in summer.
➢ Form, compact to reduce surface areas of heat gain.
➢ Shade, for maximum sun protection in summer.
Building material-
➢ Allow adequate heat gain in winter by movable shading devices.
➢ Sun-dried earth bricks one of the poorest conductors of heat.
➢ Ventilation, for regulation of air movement. Sun orientation
➢ Traditionally constructed with thick walls and roofs and with very
➢ west orientation is the worst
small openings walls
➢ The larger building dimension should face north and south
➢ Walls of daytime living areas should be made of heat- storing
Wind orientation-
materials.
➢ Main walls and windows should face the wind direction in order to
➢ East and west walls should preferably be shaded.
allow maximum cross-ventilation of the rooms.
➢ Double walls with insulation in between are a suitable solution.
➢ To reduce the effect of hot dusty winds, the leeward side of the
house is better. Room arrangement
 DESIGN STRATEGIES
Opening and windows-
➢ Openings and windows are necessary for natural lighting and ventilation.
➢ More windows should be provided in the north facade of the building as
compared to the east, west and south as it receives lesser radiation
throughout the year.
➢ Windows should be shaded either by shading devices, roof overhangs or
by deciduous trees.
➢ The size of the windows on the west and east sides should be minimized
in order to reduce heat gains into the house in the early morning and late
afternoon.
Roofs -
➢ The flat roof is a good reflector and re-radiates heat efficiently, especially
if it consists of a solid, white painted material.
➢ High solid parapet walls along the edge of the roof can on the one hand
provide daytime shade and privacy.
➢ The principle involved is to catch an unobstructed breeze at a high level
and channel it to areas in the bottom parts of the building. Natural
ventilation
Passive cooling-
➢ Cooling can be achieved by the evaporation of water.
Courtyards-
➢ The courtyard is provided with water and plants, it acts as a cooling
source.
➢ Internal courtyards provides cross ventilation & natural cooling.
➢ Most openings are to the internal courtyard rather than exterior surface.
Courtyard
 VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE
BHUNGA HOUSE-
➢ A circular space enclosed by mud walls is the most typical dwelling
construction in the Kutch district of the Gujarat state & Rajasthan in India,
which has a very high earthquake risk, is called a Bungha.
➢ Materials used 1. Stone 2. wood 3. Bamboo 4. burnt brick masonry either
in mud mortar or in cement mortar. 5. Straw
Characteristics-
➢ Consists of a single cylindrically shaped room.
➢ It has a conical roof supported by cylindrical walls.
➢ Inner diameter of the Bungha is between 3m to 10m.
➢ It has only three openings one door and two small windows.
➢ Construction has existed for several hundred years.
➢ This house is quite durable and highly appropriate for hot & dry conditions.
➢ The entire construction process, which is carried out by the mason with
very few unskilled laborers, can be completed within 30 days.
➢ Typically found in flat terrain.
➢ Do not share common walls with adjacent buildings. (the typical distance
from a neighboring building is 3m) Gives protection from Rain Solar
radiation Cracks Earthquake Wind circular design and the mesh of mud
plaster and twigs make them resist any wind pressure and quake.
➢ The different spaces (for men & women-children) are not interconnected.
➢ A horizontal clay platform about 50 cm high, is a way to avoid rainfalls
inside the house Circular spaces are the main living zones, rectangular
spaces are for secondary functions, like cooking cleaning and storing. They
are smaller and not so strong. They do not resist very well to earthquakes
or cracks.
➢ The thick walls, made of mud, keep the interior cool when the temperature rises
to 40 degrees Celsius in summer and warm when it beam and posts drops to 10
degrees in winter.
➢ The roof is made of wooden top dome where bamboo sticks are fixed with a
thick layer of grass put on roof and tied together.
➢ The walls can not bear the wood beam of the roof, which runs across the space
diagonally and rests on two wooden posts. The beam is often kept exposed
outside the circular wall.
PLAN-
➢ Due to circular shape of wall in plan, inertial forces developed in wall are
resisted through shell action providing excellent resistance to lateral forces.
➢ Wall is extended below ground up to the required foundation depth, and
separate foundation is not traditionally constructed.
➢ The construction technique is such a way that improves seismic resistance of the
inertia force generated in the roof
➢ A very unique aspect of traditional desert architecture in which the size,
location and orientation of the Bungha are planned for very good structural and
functional results. The ``modern’’ version had given a go by to traditional
architecture replacing the twigs of the `babul’ trees with stones.