554534 - Physics

Guide

1- Contents

Question Item Objective Type Skill

1 0169 M03.06.01 Multiple-choice answer Mastery of Concepts
2 0170 M03.06.07 Multiple-choice answer Mastery of Applications
3 0456 M03.06.01 Multiple-choice answer Mastery of Concepts
4 0457 M03.06.02 Multiple-choice answer Mastery of Concepts
5 0182 M03.06.07 Multiple-choice answer Mastery of Problem Solving
6 0184 M03.06.07 Multiple-choice answer Mastery of Problem Solving
7 0218 M03.06.07 Multiple-choice answer Mastery of Applications
8 0292 M03.06.04 Multiple-choice answer Mastery of Applications
9 0275 M03.06.07 Extended answer Mastery of Problem Solving
10 0464 M03.06.02 Extended answer Mastery of Applications
11 0466 M03.06.07 Extended answer Mastery of Applications
12 0479 M03.06.02 Multiple-choice answer Mastery of Concepts
13 0491 M03.06.07 Extended answer Mastery of Problem Solving
14 0527 M03.06.01 Multiple-choice answer Mastery of Applications
15 2028 M03.05.05 Extended answer Mastery of Problem Solving
16 2030 M03.06.04 Extended answer Mastery of Problem Solving
17 2048 M03.06.07 Multiple-choice answer Mastery of Applications
18 2087 M03.06.07 Extended answer Mastery of Problem Solving
19 2138 M03.06.04 Extended answer Mastery of Problem Solving
20 2105 M03.06.01 Multiple-choice answer Mastery of Concepts
21 2077 M03.06.02 Multiple-choice answer Mastery of Concepts
22 2205 M03.06.02 Multiple-choice answer Mastery of Concepts
23 2209 M03.06.04 Multiple-choice answer Mastery of Applications

2- Correction key

1 B

2 C

3 B

4 C

5 D
6 B

7 C

8 A

9 Example of an appropriate procedure

1. Work done = W = area of triangle = 1000 J

2. Gain in total energy = W = 1000 J

3. Gain in total mechanical energy

120 J + 800 J = 920 J

Answer : The amount of mechanical energy lost is 80 J.

1 Example of an appropriate and complete procedure
0
Mass lifted at a constant speed

Variables Formulas
v = 2.0 m/s h = Δs = v Δt
m = 3.0 kg h = 2.0 Δt (SI)
Δt = 5 s
g = 9.80 m/s2 Ep = m g h = m g Δs = m g v Δt
h=? Ep = 3.0 kg  9.80 m/s2  2.0 m/s Δt
Ep = ? Ep = 59 Δt (SI)

t (s) 0 1 2 3 4 5
h (m) 0 2 4 6 8 10
Ep (J) 0 59 118 177 235 295

Potential Energy of Mass vs Time

Ep
(J)

250

200

150

100

50

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 t (s)
1 Example of an appropriate and complete procedure
1
Potential energy of the pendulum at R:

m = 1.0 kg EpR = m g h
h = 0.10 m EpR = 1.0 kg  9.80 m/s2  0.10 m
g = 9.80 m/s2 EpR = 0.98 J
EpR = ?

Answer: Gravitational potential energy at position R is 0.98 J.

Kinetic energy of the pendulum at S:

EkS = ? ΔE = 0  Etotal R = Etotal S

EkS = EpR = 0.98 J

Answer: Kinetic energy of object at position S is 0.98 J.

Speed of the pendulum at S:

vs = ? E k = ½ m v2
vs = (2 EkS/m)½
vs = (2  0.98 J  1.0 kg)½
vs = 1.4 m/s

Answer: Speed of the pendulum at S is 1.4 m/s.

1 B
2
1 Example of an appropriate and complete procedure
3
WORK DONE BY THE PISTON TO PROPEL THE BALL

W = F  Δd (area under the curve)

50 N × 0 .20 m
W= 2

W = 5.0 J

KINETIC ENERGY ACQUIRED BY THE BALL

W = Ek = 5.0 J

SPEED OF THE BALL

1
Ek = 2 mv2

2 Ek
v2 = m

2 × 5.0 J
v2 = 0.100 kg

v = 10 m/s

Answer

The speed of the ball is 10 m/s after the piston has moved a distance of 0.20 m.

1 B
4
1 Example of an appropriate and complete answer
5
m = 600 nuts  0.01 kg/nut = 6 kg

W= Fd

 W = mgh

= (6 kg)(9.8 m/s2)(6.0 m)

= 352.8 J

= 3.5  102 J

Answer: The amount of work done by the squirrel is 3.5  102 J.

1 Example of an appropriate and complete answer
6
At point P:

ET = Eg + Ek

= mgh + 1.6 J

= (0.20 kg)(9.8 m/s2)(1.0 m) + 1.6 J

= 1.96 J + 1.6 J

= 3.56 J

At maximum height: Ek = 0 J Eg = 3.56 J

Eg 3. 56 J
2
 h = mg = (0.20 kg )(9.8 m/s ) = 1.8 m

Answer: The ball will roll to a maximum height of 1.8 m.

1 B
7
1 Example of an appropriate and complete answer
8
Total mechanical energy at 410 m

ET = Epotential + Ekinetic
1
ET = mgh + 2 mv2
ET = (2.5 kg) (9.8 m/s2) (410 m) + 0
ET = 10045 J

Speed of rocket at 320 m

ET = Epotential + Ekinetic
1
ET = mgh + 2 mv2
1
10045 J = (2.5 kg) (9.8 m/s2) (320 m) + 2 (2.5 kg) v2
1
10045 J = 7840 J + 2 (2.5 kg) v2
1
2205 J = 2 (2.5 kg) v2
2205 J × 2
v2 = 2.5 kg
2205 J × 2
v= √
v = 42 m/s
2.5 kg

Answer: The speed of the rocket at 320 m is 42 m/s.

1 Example of an appropriate and complete answer

9
Decrease in Eg = Gain in Ek

Difference in mgh = gain in Ek

= (1/2)(m)(v2)
 Mass cancels from both sides so gh = (1/2) (v2)

Change in height is 50 m and gravity is 9.8 m/s 2

So v2 = (50)(9.8)/0.5
v = 31.3 m/s

Answer: The rider’s velocity at point B is 31.3 m/s.

2 D
0

2 D
1

2 D
2

2 A
3
 Name : _________________________________

Group : _________________________________

Date : _________________________________

54 - Physics
Energy Problems #1

1 Energy can be present in several different forms in nature.

What is the name given to the form of energy linked exclusively to the position of an object?

A) Kinetic energy
B) Potential energy
C) Mechanical energy
D) Electrical energy

2 An car, travelling along a horizontal road, has kinetic energy of 1.6  106J.

The driver slows the car to half of its original speed.

What is the new kinetic energy of the car?

A) 1.6  106 J
B) 8.0  105 J
C) 4.0  105 J
D) 1.6  105 J
3 Which of the following objects possesses gravitational potential energy in relation to the ground?

1. A bird that is flying above the school

2. A student who moves from the first to the third floor of the school to go to Physics class
3. Bruni Surin who runs 100 metres in a record time
4. A pencil that has fallen onto the ground
5. A stopwatch that you left on the lab table

A) 1, 2 and 4 C) 2, 3 and 4
B) 1, 2 and 5 D) 2, 3 and 5

4 A cart, initially at rest, acquires a kinetic energy Ek from the application of constant horizontal force F, over a
distance, Δd.

On another identical cart, also initially at rest, a constant horizontal force twice as large as the first force is
applied over the same distance, Δd.

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn comparing the kinetic energy of the second cart with the first
cart?

A) Its kinetic energy is four times smaller.

B) Its kinetic energy is two times smaller.
C) Its kinetic energy is two times larger.
D) Its kinetic energy is four times larger.
5 A stone with a mass of 100 g is thrown horizontally from the top of a cliff overlooking the ocean with a velocity
of 20 m/s. Disregard the effects of air resistance.

20 m/s

15 m

What is the kinetic energy of the stone just before it hits the water?

A) 15 J
B) 20 J
C) 30 J
D) 35 J

6 A 100 g ball is thrown vertically upward from the ground with a velocity of 20 m/s. Disregard the effects of air
resistance.

What is the kinetic energy of this ball after it has risen 5.0 metres?

A) 20 J
B) 15 J
C) 10 J
D) 5.0 J
7 A man pushes a 120 kg motorcycle up a ramp onto a platform which is 1.5 metres above the ground.

He can push with a force of up to 5.00  102 N. Disregard the effects of friction.

5.00  10 N 2 ramp platform

1.5 m

ground

L?

What is the minimum length "L" of the ramp that he needs to push the motorcycle onto the platform?

A) 3.20 m
B) 3.40 m
C) 3.60 m
D) 3.80 m

8 A football is kicked into the opposing team's zone by the Dragons' quarterback.
Which of these graphs shows the total mechanical energy, ET, of the football as a function of its height, h?
(Ignore the effects of air resistance.)

A) C)
E
T
E
T

h h
B) D)
E
T
ET

h h
9 A mining cart is pushed up a slope as shown in the sketch below..

F
10 m

The force applied to the cart as a function of distance is graphed below.

Force (N)

100

50

0 5 10 Distance (m)

At the end of this movement, the kinetic energy of the cart had increased by 120 joules and the gravitational
potential energy had increased by 800 joules.

What is the total amount of mechanical energy lost as heat because of friction?

Show all of your work.

1 A 3.0 kg mass is lifted vertically from the ground with a constant speed of 2.0 m/s.
0
Complete the table of values in the answer booklet and draw the graph of the gravitational potential energy of
the mass as a function of time, for the first 5 seconds.
1 A 1.0 kg pendulum oscillates between positions R and T, as shown below. The mass of the cord and the
1 frictional forces are negligible.

T R
v=0
0.10 m

A) Calculate the gravitational potential energy of the pendulum at position R with respect to position S.

B) What is its kinetic energy at position S?

C) What is its speed at S?

1 A roller coaster car passes through point I at a speed of 12 m/s and then keeps going, passing through points II
2 and III.

The car's path is illustrated below.

I
III

II
30 m 25 m
15 m

Frictional forces are negligible.

Which of the following graphs best represents the kinetic energy of the car as a function of its position?

A) Ek C) Ek

0 0
I II III Position I II III Position

B) Ek D) Ek

0 0
I II III Position I II III Position
1 A piston is used to propel a 100-g ball vertically into the air. The piston exerts a force along a distance of 0.20
3 m.

This situation is illustrated below.

0.20 m

The following graph shows the force exerted on the ball as the piston moves along this distance of 0.20 m.
Frictional forces are negligible.

Force versus distance travelled by the piston

F (N)

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0.10 0.20 0.30 Δ d (m)

What is the speed of the ball after the piston has moved a distance of 0.20 m?
Show all your work.

1 A hiker carrying a 15.0 N backpack uses 279 kJ of energy to climb a hill that is 300 m high.
4
What is the mass of the hiker?

A) 79.9 kg
B) 93.4 kg
C) 94.9 kg
D) 109.9 kg
1 A squirrel gathers 600 acorns together on the ground before storing them in a tree. Each acorn has a
5 mass of 0.010 kg and the storehouse is 6.0 m above the ground.

What is the amount of work done by the squirrel in storing the acorns?

1 A ball of mass 0.20 kg, rolling on a frictionless plane 1.0 m above the ground, arrives at point P, as
6 shown in the diagram below, with a kinetic energy of 1.6 J.

P
1.0 m h

To what maximum height, h, will the ball roll?

1 A baseball with a mass of 275 g is pitched and reaches the catcher with a speed of 25 m/s. In stopping
7 the ball, the catcher's hand moves back 0.30 m.

What is the average stopping force exerted on the baseball?

A) 1.14  101 N C) 5.73  102 N

B) 2.86  102 N D) 2.86  105 N
1 A model rocket with a mass of 2.5 kg is fired directly upwards and rises to a maximum height of 410 m.
8
What is the speed of the rocket at 320 m?
(Neglect air resistance.)

1 A mountain bike rider starts at rest at point A, 200 m above the base of a mountain and descends the slope
9 without pedaling. (Friction is negligible)

200 m

150 m

0m

What is his velocity at point B, 150 m above the base of the mountain?
2 A car increases its speed from 31 km/h to 93 km/h.
0
By which factor below will the kinetic energy be increased?

A) 0.33 C) 3.0
B) 2.0 D) 9.0

2 In which of the following situations is mechanical work being done?

1 (Neglect air resistance)

A) The Olympic Stadium roof supports tonnes of ice and snow in the winter.
B) A puck slides along a frictionless surface of a hockey rink.
C) A hockey bag is carried across a locker room.
D) A referee drops a puck to the ice during a face-off.

2 Which of the following characteristics can be used to describe the energy of a moving object?
2
1. Measured in Newtons
2. Measured in joules
3. Varies directly with the speed of the object
4. Varies as the square of the speed of the object
5. Varies directly with the mass of the object
6. Varies inversely with the mass of the object

A) 1, 3 and 5 C) 2, 3 and 6
B) 1, 4 and 6 D) 2, 4 and 5
2 A cart, which is initially at rest, moves down an inclined plane. The effects of friction are negligible. The mass of
3 the cart is 500 g, the incline is 40.0 cm high and 60.0 cm long.

40.0 cm

What is the speed of the cart when it has gone half way down the incline?

A) 1.98 m/s C) 3.92 m/s
B) 2.80 m/s D) 19.8 m/s