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CUENCA INSTITUTE

Senior High School Department

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Background of the Study

 The use of technology is always expanding in our ever-changing world. It has

an impact on all aspects of our life, from our ability to communicate with others, to

our ability to access information at our fingertips. As well as, it became the powerful

tool that aids and improves education in a variety of ways, including making it easier

for teachers to create instructional materials and creating new opportunities for

people to learn and contribute. Interactions between students and teachers altered

when physical classrooms gave way to virtual experiences. The COVID-19

pandemic is forcing many schools and universities to implement online learning,

remote work, and other activities to help control the virus's spread. 

         Throughout the pandemic, several schools around the world used an internet

platform to provide virtual classrooms. The unexpected and hurried transition from

face-to-face lessons to online platform classes has an impact on how students

employ the various technology platforms, and it has both a positive and bad impact

on each student's mental health. During these days, each student's mental health

problems are undergoing a fundamental change. This change is being driven by the

widespread availability of “digital technology” by which we mean computers, the

internet, mobile devices such as smartphones, and mobile software applications. 

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          Technology usage refers to the use of technology. It is the application of

practical sciences, to industry or commerce stated from the Reverso Dictionary. It

also refers to the application of the use of techniques, in improving our lives with the

use of technology. As stated in Science Direct, country, culture, and religion have a

great impact on how technology is used in homes. Meanwhile, according to

mentalhealth.gov, mental health is defined by our emotional, psychological and

social well-being. It affects the way how we feel, think and behave. It can also be

used to assess, how we deal with our problems, how we handle our stress, and in

making choices. It’s important to maintain healthy mental health, for it improves our

emotional state, and boosts our personality. When we say Mental Health, we are not

referring to the absence of mental illness, rather viewing the presence of various

aspects of well-being.

             While students have stayed in their homes, they spend most of their time in

front of their devices not knowing that it may affect their mental health in various

ways. The students spend a lot of time on screen attending online classes but after

the session, they would proceed to use their devices again. Students use various

social media platforms such as Google Meet, Facebook, Messenger, and Google

Classroom to improve the interaction between students and teachers, as well as to

communicate with the entire class, gain access to learning materials, and engage in

interactive and collaborative activities. The use of technology may serve as a source

of entertainment and relaxation for the student's mental health but overusing it may

also cause risks that may severely affect their wellbeing. Students that spend most

of their time with technology may be linked to cases that cause them depression, low

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CUENCA INSTITUTE
Senior High School Department

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS

self-esteem, and anxiety. Technology usage may benefit a student in some ways but

if it is not managed properly, it may cause negative mental health effects that hinder

how they function.

          On the other hand, technology has made it easier for people to obtain

information, assistance, and support, there are substantial concerns linked with its

expanding use. Screen time and social media use among youngsters and teens

have been related to an increase in the pervasiveness of mental health issues. The

impact of technology on teenagers can affect their social skills, development, and be

linked to a variety of other problems. According to all4kids.org, internet addiction is

becoming a prevalent problem, particularly among younger groups such as

teenagers. It's been related to despair, low self-esteem, and loneliness, all of which

are symptoms that might lead to diagnosable mental diseases or worsen pre-

existing problems.       

         Students' mental health is something we should not overlook; it is something

we should prioritise. Many students suffer from mental health issues as a result of

the challenges brought on by COVID-19, particularly in the field of studies, especially

during this pandemic. The government's quarantine and safety measures cause

students to stay at home, where they use technology like cellphones, tablets,

laptops, and other modern appliances to pass the time and study. Depression,

anxiety, suicide, eating disorders, and addiction are among the top mental health

issues that students face, according to bestcollege.com. This mindset should be

taken care of by the individual and others who can understand their situation. 

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          They must not stock into this trap but rather seek out the bright side of life and

maintain good mental health. Mental health is an issue that is constantly stigmatised

in our society. Because of the stigma and disgrace associated with mental illness,

people are less inclined to seek medical treatment. To improve our lives, we must

eliminate stigma and shame. A person's mental health issues do not make them any

less of a person. When we value mental health, we live better lives. It does not

ensure that things will improve immediately, but it does suggest that we will learn to

appreciate ourselves and progress over time. Mental health is just as important as

physical health. We must remove the stigma surrounding mental health because it

impacts everything. We are more likely to be unaware of our true worth and to

struggle with situations beyond our control if we do not maintain healthy mental

health. When we neglect our mental health, we are neglecting ourselves. We must

prioritise our fitness and health as much as, if not more than, anything else. We must

learn that we are good enough - that we, and others, are deserving of compassion.

Statement of the Problem

In this present day, various technologies have been the main resources that

we always use in our everyday life. Using high-tech devices helps us in different

ways and it also may affect our mental health in a good or bad way especially in

today's situation where we are exposed to using technologies. Being a daily user of

various technologies may affect how we behave and function in our daily

performance. This study aims to know the different effects of using technology on

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CUENCA INSTITUTE
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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS

the mental health of senior high school students in Cuenca Institute in the midst of a

pandemic, and particularly it responds to the following questions:

Particularly, it responds to the following questions:

1. Is there any difference between the effect of proper and improper usage of

technology on the mental health of the students?

2. Does the use of technological devices make the students improve or worsen their

daily lifestyle? 

3. Does the use of technology contribute to the student's intellectual and emotional

health being? 

Significance of the study

The transition of the educational system in our country, from traditional classes

to online classes or blended learning, was brought about by the COVID-19

pandemic. Due to this, it leads to the exposure of students to the uses of various

technologies. This exposure may affect the mental health issues of the students.

       This study aims to find out the effect of using technology on the mental health of

students. The generalization of this study will be a significant contribution to the vast

knowledge concerning the student's mental health during the pandemic. Vital results

of this research could be foremost and beneficial, specifically to the following: 

 Students. The outcome of the study will serve as their guide in maintaining a

healthy mind. In addition, this would be an eye-opener for the Senior High

School Students of Cuenca Institute, for them to have an idea of how

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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS

technology affects their mental health. In conclusion, the findings may

enlighten them to know their various behaviors while using different

technologies and seek help to lessen the effect of using social media

platforms on their mental health.

 Guidance Counselor. The result of this study will guide and provide some

information for them to be aware of how technology affects the mental health

of the students. The content of this study will also help them to have an idea

to create an action, program, or rules that will help the students to overcome

their mental health issues.

 Teachers. This study would inform them on how their students' behavior is

affected by technology usage. It will provide them with the idea that their

student's excessive use of devices may be the route for their low academic

performance because of the effects on their mental health. This research may

also serve as a guide for them to know how they may minimize their student's

time on-screen during this pandemic where they are heavily dependent on

technologies.

 Parents. This study would inform parents on how technology usage affects

their children’s behavior during the pandemic. It will be bright evidence for

themselves to measure how their children rely either moderately or heavily on

technology that may show misbehavior. This study may provide information

on how technologies can affect their children’s mental health in the present

day.

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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS

 Psychiatrists. This study will provide information that will aid in the treatment

of people suffering from mental disorders. They will be able to recognize

some signs and facts related to their patient's technology usage as a result of

this study. In addition, the findings of this study may be used as a reference in

assessing teens' mental health disorders as a result of the usage of various

technologies during pandemics.

 Psychologist. The findings of these studies may be a pattern for them to

know the several behaviors of the students in using various technologies. It

also may be their reference in studying the mental states of each learner

during this pandemic where they are very exposed to numerous high-tech

devices. As well as the outcomes may lighten them to examine the

relationship of misbehavior of every student in using technology that can

significantly affect their mental being.

 Future researchers. The results of this study will help and serve as a

reference for future researchers who will conduct related studies about this

topic. The research is also open for the development of the study.

Scope and Delimitations


The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of technology usage on

the mental health of students during the pandemic. Also, it further analyzes the

different behavioral usage of technology of the students that can awful affect their

mental being. Here, we would present the effect of technology usage on the mental

health of senior high school students amid a global pandemic. As well as the

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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS

purpose of it is to find out the various challenges that the students faced in using

technology that can affect their cognitive, behavioral, and emotional well-being

throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. The respondents of this research are the

students of Cuenca Institute Senior High School Student S.Y.2020-2021.The

maximum number of respondents of this research is approximately 60 students.

Research sampling techniques is the research method that will be used in selecting

the respondents. This study is limited only to the senior high school students of

Cuenca Institute. They are chosen because they are the largest capacity in the

population who experience the effect of technology usage on mental health during

this new way of learning. As well as, given the fact that students are the ones who

can relate the most to the research, they are also the ones who can provide reliable

details of the information that could support the success of this research. All of the

information gathered will highly recommend that this problem will be granted.

Definition of Terms

  For the readers to have a clear understanding of the undertaken study, the

researchers identified the relevant terminology that is frequently mentioned as well

as those that appeared unusual and difficult to understand. These terminologies are

the following:

Anxiety - a feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, typically about an imminent

event or something with an uncertain outcome. 

Despair - the complete loss or absence of hope. 

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Devices - are tools like cellphones, laptops, and computers that help students to

study easier and more efficiently. 

Diagnosable - the identification of the nature of an illness or other problem by

examination of the symptoms. 

Low self-esteem - someone lacks the confidence in who they are and what they

can do. Oftentimes, they feel incomplete, unloved, or inadequate. 

Prevalent - widespread in a particular area or at a particular time. 

Psychiatrist - a person who studies medicine, they can assess both mental and

physical state of a person, also known as a medical doctor. 

Psychological - state of mind or anything associated with the emotional or mental

health of a person. 

Psychologist - a person who studies a person’s mind and behavior. 

Suicide - an act of taking one’s own life. 

Technology - modern devices that help improve the way of living of humankind.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) - a brain disorder that affects

how to control one’s body

Cyberbullying - type of bullying that uses electronic devices

Descriptive Research - it aims to provide more details regarding a particular issue.

Google Forms - a free online software by google which allows you to create

surveys or quizzes.

Likert Scale - it is a scale that researchers use to collect respondent’s attitudes and

opinions.

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Research Design - overall concept or strategy to put together the components of a

study in a logical manner.

Sampling - selecting a group of individuals that you will collect data from in your

research.

Simple Random Sampling - a sampling technique where each individual has an

equal opportunity of being chosen.

Slovin’s Method - it is used to calculate the sample size.

Social Isolation – condition of having a little or no contact with other people

Statistical Analysis - science of collecting data and uncovering patterns and trends.

Statistical Treatment of Data - it is where you apply some form of statistical

method to a data set to transform it from a group of meaningless numbers into

meaningful output.

Weighted Average - the average in a collection of numbers.

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SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

The literature and research included in this chapter discuss many views,

conceptions, assumptions, conclusions, and also the various additional benefits to

the research from the past to the present. Considering the researchers' thorough

and in-depth analysis, this chapter covers the relevant literature and studies. This

will serves as a reference for the researchers as they further their studies.

Based on the Duke University (2017) in the article “More Technology Use

Linked to Mental Health Issues in At-Risk Adolescences”, the increased use of

technology is connected to later increases in attention, behavior, and self-regulation

problems among teenagers who are already at risk for mental health disorders.

However, they discover that utilizing technology had several advantages:

Adolescents were less likely to express symptoms of despair and anxiety on days

when they spent more time using digital devices. In accordance with this, 151 young

adolescents used mobile phones to answer questions concerning their everyday use

of digital technology. They were observed three times a day for a month before

having their mental health symptoms examined 18 months later. The youth that took

part were between the ages of 11 and 15, had a poorer socioeconomic position, and

were at a higher risk for mental health issues. Adolescents were more likely to

engage in conduct issues such as lying, arguing, and other behavioral issues on

days when they used their devices more — both when they surpassed their own

typical use and when they exceeded their peers' average use. Furthermore, on days

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when teenagers used digital devices more frequently, they had trouble paying

attention and displayed indications of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

(ADHD). On the bright side, using digital technology can benefit adolescents who

are depressed or anxious. More texting time was linked to less depression and

anxiety symptoms the next day. Today's kids are using digital technology to connect

in constructive ways rather than isolating themselves. According to Odgers, the

adolescents in the study were already at a higher risk for mental health problems

regardless of their use of digital devices, and it's unclear if the findings would apply

to other adolescents. To sum it all up, technology has both beneficial and harmful

consequences on students' mental health.

According to Lynch, M. (2019), in the article entitled, “The Effects of

technology on the Teen Anxiety, Depression and Mental Health”, Elementary, Middle,

and High School students grow up with social media and cannot remember a time

when they were not using it. There are few facts people need to be aware of, first,

two-thirds of teenagers have internet-capable mobile devices. Second, 90% of

teenagers have used social media. And lastly, teens spend an average of nine hours

a day on the internet, not including time spent on homework. Access to technology

has significantly benefited education, but we cannot ignore the relationship between

the expansion of technology and growth in teenage mental illness and suicide. With

62 percent of undergraduate students experiencing severe anxiety, anxiety is likely

the most common mental health concern among youngsters. This article shows that

most students experience anxiety, and it is because of excessive use of technology

or inappropriate events they encounter on their social media.

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According to Ellis, S. (2020) in the article entitled “The Growing Mental Health

Effects of COVID-19 for Young Adults”, at the present, an epidemic, school closings,

and social isolation are all having a significant impact on the lives of high school and

college students. Jennifer Rothman of National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI)

Arlington, Virginia, the number of teens and young adults, ages 18-24, who have

contemplated suicide has increased. NAMI hotline have recorded an increase in

calls over the past few months. The calls were about anxiety, stress and depression

of teens. On the other hand, Chief Program Officer Laura Horne explained that their

recent survey shows that 80% of students have experienced some negative impact

to their mental health due to this pandemic and 20% said their mental health had

significantly worsened. Also, Horne stated that having this pandemic made a lot

suffer from depression and other various mental illness. In addition, it shows that

loneliness leads to an unhealthy mental and physical health. Basically, teens and

young adults during this pandemic having experienced so much suffering specially

having no in-person time with their friends and peers which significantly affected

their mental health.

According to Haidt, J., and Nick, A., (2020) in their article entitled

“Scrutinizing the effects of digital technology on mental health”, they conclude that

digital devices might be used to improve well-being and it has also a great negative

impact on our psychological aspects. The use of various social media is the most

suspect cause of the sudden increase in the rates of depression, anxiety, and self-

harm among adolescents especially girls. Adolescents tend to be heavy users of

various digital media like smartphones, computers, gaming, the Internet, and

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especially social media. As well as, they regard social media as a sugar: harmless in

small to moderate amounts and hazardous only if youngsters consume enormous

quantities. However, unlike sugar, social media does not only affect individuals who

consume it. It has completely altered the nature of peer connections, family

relationships, and daily activities. Also, they stated that people who reduce their use

of various digital technology generally report an improvement in mood or a reduction

in loneliness or depression symptoms within a few weeks. In the contrast, they

indicated that the use of various technologies can be used to improve our mental

health being. Mobile phones and other Internet-connected gadgets, on the other

hand, allow for continuous collection of objective data on behavior in the context of

people's real lives, resulting in a rich data set that can reveal the magnitude and

timing of mental health requirements in individuals. In conclusion, due to the

extensive use of digital devices of the students/teenagers now a days they are

especially vulnerable to the devices’ risks and burdens that increases in the mental-

health problems in this age group.

According to Regis College (2021) in their article entitled “Effects of

Technology in Children During a Pandemic”, the positive impact of devices is that

they can provide an opportunity for children to continue their education and maintain

relationships with friends and family. Remote learning, computers, tablets, and

smartphones have allowed students to remain connected to the classroom, even

virtually. Many students have appreciated the less structured nature of remote

learning and ability to work at their own pace and on their own terms. Studies have

shown that using social media and messaging platforms to stay in touch with loved

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ones improves mental and emotional health, particularly in times of crisis. However,

the negative impact of technology is the reality that children may use them too much

and that screen time may replace family time. Excessive usage of technology has

been associated with anxiety, depression, addiction, and other issues. Multiple

studies have shown a link between social media use and increased feelings of

anxiety and depression, particularly in children. Social media with carefully curated

feeds of people’s idealized versions of themselves can often lead to loneliness and

envy. Many users also get their news from social media and much of it are negative

information, which can cause anxiety. Conversely, evidence provided that the less

time people spend on social media, the less depressed and lonely they feel.

According to Bashir, H., and Bhat, S., (2016) in their studies of the “Effects of

Social Media on Mental Health: A Review”, they concluded that online harassment,

depression, sexting/texting, stress, tiredness, loneliness, decrease in intellectual

ability, cyberbullying, emotion suppression, and lack of concentration are the

complex relationship between social media usage and mental health issues among

the younger generation. Also, younger generations feel restless when they cannot

access messages from social media apps outside of their partners, leading to

Phantom Vibration Syndrome (PVS) that reflects their grief of obsession with

constantly checking social messages reveals an expression of cell phone-induced

anxiety. Excessive usage of social media leads to disastrous results, that start with

anxiety and proceed to depression. Depression and time spent on social networking

sites by adolescents are found to be positively correlated. Similarly (Lou et al., 2012)

assert that students who use social platforms strongly report increased loneliness. It

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has also been found that the use of various social networking sites also enhances

psycho-social problems such as adjustment and self-esteem (Kalpidou et al., 2011).

Unregulated, unsanitary, and compulsive use of internet resources increases

loneliness over time and higher internet usage among younger generations

reinforces the emotional loneliness. This study shows that the rising use of social

media by the students/youth generates concerns about its adverse effect on the

general emotional, psychological, and social well-being of everyone nowadays

where all the students are exposed to various technology devices.

According to the study of Halupa C. (2016) entitled “Risk: The Impact of

Online Learning and Technology on Student Physical, Mental, Emotional, and Social

Health”, they show that the excessive usage of technology can negatively impact the

health of the youth and cause technology addiction that can create various mental

health concerns. This may negatively affect their normal everyday routines and

impact their academic performance. Regardless, technology can benefit a student

as information is easily attainable and can be used to engage with friends and

family. This study is an insight into how technology affects the behavior of the youth.

The excessive use of technology can risk a student’s mental health which can

severely affect how they function in their daily lives and affect their academic

performance. Technology also benefits us as it makes things easier for students and

has social interactions. Technology usage can both exhibit positive and negative

effects which is why it must be used responsibly and in the right way.

As stated by Kecojevic, A. et al. (2020) in research entitled “The impact of

the COVID-19 epidemic on mental health of undergraduate students in New Jersey,

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cross-sectional study”. Students are affected physically, intellectually, financially, and

psychologically because of the crisis. Institutions across the country have quickly

transitioned from face-to-face to online learning. Students' stress levels are likely to

have grown because of the shift to online learning, particularly in subjects that were

not originally planned for online learning. Access to computers and the internet at

home may be a problem for some students, the COVID-19 pandemic is causing

financial hardship for 4 out of 5 students, base on loan management website

Student Loan Hero survey. Additionally, COVID-19 create a negative impact on the

population mental health of the students. The students expressed increasing

concern about social isolation, as well as increased stress, anxiety, and depression.

Some of the most common mental health problems among students are depression,

anxiety, suicide, eating disorders, and addiction. The present COVID-19 pandemic is

having a severe negative influence on college students' mental health, according to

their findings. College students who face more academic and personal challenges

may be more sensitive to mental health problems. This will serve as a bridge to a

better understanding of our research, as it deals with technology usage and how it

affects senior high school students' mental health.

According to Sorkin, D. et al. (2021) in the research entitled “Rise in Use of

Digital Mental Health Tools and Technologies in the United States During the

COVID-19 Pandemic: Survey Study”, during the early stages of the COVID-19

pandemic, there was an increase in the usage of digital mental health tools and

other technologies. Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) was used to conduct a survey

of 5,907 people in the United States; the survey was conducted over four weeks in

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2020, and respondents came from all 50 states and Washington, DC. Higher

COVID-19 case rates were related with a considerably higher risk of reporting

depressive symptoms, but not anxiety symptoms. Depression and anxiety symptoms

were related to a greater chance of use each form of technology. Also, time was

related to an increase in the probability of using mental health forums, websites, or

apps, phone-based or text-based crisis lines, and online, computer, or console

gaming/video games. This research proves that the COVID-19 pandemic creates

impact to the mental health of people and it includes the students. Lots of people

experiencing under depression more than anxiety. With the survey proves that the

time of people also spend using technologies to help their depression and anxiety.

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

  This chapter presents the method used in the study. It also describes the

subject of the study and the procedure of data gathering that will be used for

analysis and interpretation. This type of study shows impacts and gauges the effects

of technology on the mental health of senior high school students of Cuenca Institute

in the midst of a pandemic.     

Research Design

          The research design used in this study is descriptive. Descriptive research is a

research approach that analyzes the factors and variables or phenomena under

investigation. Also, this research design focuses on a deep explanation of the whole

study and validates well all the information. The researcher chose a descriptive

research design because it is the best way of gathering quantifiable data for

statistical analysis of a population sample. Moreover, this type of research design is

the best technique to answer all the questions and clearly define the study's

hypothesis. The descriptive research design is used in this study because it employs

survey questionnaires to obtain information on the students' behavior, beliefs, and

perceptions regarding using technology in their mental health.

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Sampling Technique

          The researcher uses a simple random sampling, a method for choosing a

smaller sample size from a larger population to conduct research and make broad

generalizations about the entire population. A large set of individual respondents

were chosen randomly, where the students of Cuenca Institute Senior High School

are selected from the different strands: Accountancy, Business, and Management

(ABM), Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS), and Science, Technology

Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). With the use of a wheel of names, all of the

students in each section were chosen, randomly. We use this technique to have a

solid and legit survey without being prejudiced in selecting students who can relate

to our issue. The researchers make sure that all of the respondents were chosen

only by chance.

Respondents

          The 259 respondents of the researchers are senior high school students from

Cuenca Institute. These respondents are the chosen ones who are knowledgeable

enough to answer the problems of our research. They were truthful in their

responses to the research questions. All of them had made a significant contribution

to our study. On top of that, the accomplishment of this research will be impossible

without the cooperation of our beloved fellow students.

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Data Gathering Procedure

           The data was acquired by the researchers using a survey form. They asked

students questions in the form of survey questionnaires via Google forms, with the

entire question being closed-ended. Three (3) linear scales, one (1) multiple-choice

scale, one (1) Likert scale, and two (2) checkboxes are used by the researchers.

The survey questionnaires are made up of seven questions regarding how

technology affects their mental health during the pandemic, and each individual was

answered the form at approximately 20-40 minutes. As well as some of the

questions answered by respondents address the effects of using technology on their

mental health during the new normal. On the other hand, the researchers chose

respondents randomly for every section of Cuenca Institute Senior High School

students and used Slovin's method with a 10% margin of error to get the exact

number of students required for each section. Each section of respondents is given

approximately three days to completely answer the given survey questionnaire. In

total, 259 students from the Cuenca Institute Senior High School Department

responded to the survey.

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Statistical Treatment of Data

             The researchers did not recommend a complex statistical procedure. The

information obtained was properly recorded and categorized. The researchers

calculated the mean of the data on a Likert Scale by taking the weighted average

and then evaluated the results. The researchers also compute the corresponding

averages of the tallied numbers.

Formula (Corresponding Percentage):                  where:

n
  P= N × 100 % P = Percentage

                                                          n = Number of Sample Size

                                                          N = Number of Sample Population

Formula (Weighted Average): Question No. 1

10 ( x ) +9 ( x ) +8 ( x )+ 7 ( x ) +6 ( x ) +5 ( x ) + 4 ( x )+ 3 ( x ) +2 ( x )+1 ( x )
WA=
∑x
10 ( 2 )+ 9 ( 20 )+ 8 ( 48 ) +7 ( 43 ) +6 ( 52 )+ 5 ( 64 ) +4 ( 17 ) +3 ( 6 ) +2 ( 2 )+ 1 ( 5 )
WA=
259

WA=6.22

where:

WA = Weighted Average , x = score , Ex = No. of Respondent

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Verbal Interpretation Legend:

1.00 – 1.90 1. Does Not Care

1.91 – 2.80 2. Totally unaffected

2.81 – 3.70 3. Unaffected

3.71 – 4.60 4. Slightly Unaffected

4.61 – 5.50 5. Either unaffected

5.51 – 6.40 6. Neutral

6.41 – 7.30 7. Either Affected

7.31 – 8.20 8. Slightly Affected

8.21 – 9.10 9. Affected

9.11 – 10.00 10. Strongly Affected


Question No. 1

Formula (Weighted Average): Question No. 5

10 ( x ) +9 ( x ) +8 ( x )+ 7 ( x ) +6 ( x ) +5 ( x ) + 4 ( x )+ 3 ( x ) +2 ( x )+1 ( x )
WA=
∑x
10 (5 )+ 9 ( 12 )+ 8 (51 ) +7 ( 61 ) +6 ( 47 ) +5 ( 57 ) +4 ( 18 ) +3 (5 )+ 2 ( 0 )+ 1 ( 3 )
WA=
259

WA=6.37

where:

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WA = Weighted Average , x = score , Ex = No. of Respondent

Verbal Interpretation Legend:

1.00 – 1.90 1. Not totally Struggle

1.91 – 2.80 2. Struggle

2.81 – 3.70 3. Maybe Struggle

3.71 – 4.60 4. Partly Struggle

4.61 – 5.50 5. Slightly Struggle

5.51 – 6.40 6. Neutral

6.41 – 7.30 7. Slightly Nourish

7.31 – 8.20 8. Partly Nourish

8.21 – 9.10 9. Nourish

9.11 – 10.00 10. Totally Nourish

Question No. 5

Formula (Weighted Average): Question No. 6                               

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10 ( x ) +9 ( x ) +8 ( x )+ 7 ( x ) +6 ( x ) +5 ( x ) + 4 ( x )+ 3 ( x ) +2 ( x )+1 ( x )
WA=
∑x
10 ( 8 ) +9 ( 16 ) +8 ( 34 )+ 7 ( 46 ) +6 ( 42 )+ 5 ( 71 ) + 4 ( 26 ) +3 ( 11 ) +2 ( 4 ) +1 ( 0 )
WA=
259

WA=6.06

where:

WA = Weighted Average , x = score , Ex = No. of Respondent

Verbal Interpretation Legend:

1.00 – 1.90 1. Absolutely not damaged 

1.91 – 2.80 2. Not Damaged 

2.81 – 3.70 3. Partly not damaged 

3.71 – 4.60 4. Slightly Not damaged 

4.61 – 5.50 5. Moderate 

5.51 – 6.40 6. Slightly Damage

6.41 – 7.30 7. Constantly Damage

7.31 – 8.20 8. Completely Damage

8.21 – 9.10 9. Significantly Damage


10. Extremely Damage
9.11 – 10.00
Question No. 6

Formula (Weighted Average):  Question No. 7.1                               

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4 ( x ) +3 ( x )+ 2 ( x ) +1 ( x )
WA=
∑x
4 (17 )+ 3 (169 )+ 2 ( 72 ) +1 (7 )
WA=
259

WA=2.80

where:

WA = Weighted Average , x = score , Ex = No. of Respondent

1.00 – 1.75 1. Nor Disagree

1.76 – 2.49 2. Neither Agree

2.50 – 3.24 3. Agree

3.25 – 4.00 4. Strongly Agree


Question No. 7.1 

Formula (Weighted Average): Question No. 7.2 

4 ( x ) +3 ( x )+ 2 ( x ) +1 ( x )
WA=
∑x
4 (35 )+ 3 ( 146 )+ 2 ( 72 ) +1 ( 9 )
WA=
259

WA=2.82

where:

WA = Weighted Average , x = score , Ex = No. of Respondent

1.00 – 1.75 1. Nor Disagree

1.76 – 2.49 2. Neither Agree

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2.50 – 3.24 3. Agree

3.25 – 4.00 4. Strongly Agree


Question No. 7.2 

CHAPTER 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

           In this chapter, researchers analyzed the findings based on data received

from an online survey. This survey will show how technology usage affects the

mental health of the students in senior high school in Cuenca Institute. Also, the

gathered data will help to determine the effect of the technology on their mental

health. 

        The researchers provided seven (7) questions for the respondents that are all

about the effects of technology usage to the mental health of students. Where in the

given answer of respondents are legitimate and kept confidentially. The following are

the results of the survey:

Research Question 1:  How straining is it for your mental health when you spend

most of your day using your devices?

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             The responses out of 259 respondents from the Senior High School

students in Cuenca Institute chosen does not care (scale 1) with 5 (1.9%)

responses, totally unaffected (scale 2) with 2 (0.8%) responses, unaffected (scale 3)

with 6 (2.3%), sometimes unaffected (scale 4) with 17 (6.6%) responses, either

unaffected (scale 5) with 64 (24.7%) responses, neutral (scale 6) with 52 (20.1%)

responses, either affected (scale 7) with 43 (16.6%) responses, sometimes affected

(scale 8) with 48 (18.5%) responses, affected (scale 9) with 20 (7.7%), strongly

affected (scale 10) with 2 (0.8%). The highest probability is in the scale of 5 either

unaffected with 64 responses followed by neutral with 52 responses while the lowest

response is totally unaffected and strongly affected with the same 2 responses. It

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shows that a lot of the students are either unaffected when it comes to their mental

health when using devices.

Research Question 2: What are the advantages of properly using devices to your

mental health?

          The graph shows the numerous advantages of properly using devices on

students' mental health. The 259 students who took part in the survey were asked to

select all of the appropriate answers that corresponded to their opinions and

experiences with using various technology devices. The advantages of "It entertains

me" stand out among the seven options, with 188 students responding to it, out of

259 total respondents it has a ratio of 72.6 %. The second is "It serves as a source

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of relaxation," with 132 students (51%) acknowledging that when they use

technology properly, they feel relaxed. The third is "It provides varied knowledge,"

where 124 students (47.6 %) agree that technology serves as a source of

awareness and it is the one who brings information to us, especially during this

pandemic. Followed by "It reduces sadness" with 120 students’ respondents (46.3

%) admitting that the use of technology helps them to minimize their feelings of

sadness in the middle of the pandemic. Next are the advantages of "It reduces

stress," which has 114 respondents (44 %) believe that proper technology usage

enhances their overall mental health in reducing the stress they feel. On the other

hand, 70 students (27%) claim that "It lessens my anxiety." The respondents say

that devices assist their well-being by reducing the anxiety that they perceive.

Moreover, the last advantage is "It improves my intellectually" . The least number of

respondents with 51 students (12.9%) indicate that using the various devices

improves their intellectual beings. Aside from that, one (1) student stated that

properly using devices helps him to avoid numerous distractions. In conclusion, the

respondents use various technology devices as a source of entertainment to lessen

the anxiety, stress, and sadness that their overall mental health experiences

throughout this new normal.

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Research Question 3: What are the disadvantages of improperly using your

devices to your mental health?

        According to the respondents, Cuenca Institute Senior High School students,

the disadvantages of improper device use on our mental health include depression,

anxiety, eating disorders, self-absorption, unhealthy self-centeredness, stress, social

media addiction, impulsiveness, overthinking, procrastination, increasing

insecurities, tiredness, and unproductivity. The bar graph depicts the

disadvantages of improper device use on our mental health. As can be seen from

the graph, social media addiction was chosen by 166 out of 259 respondents

(64.1%) as the greatest negative impact of improper device use on our mental

health. The second cause is that it causes respondents to overthink, which was

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chosen by 99 people (38.2%). The third reason, according to 98 respondents

(37.8%), is that it promotes unhealthy self-centeredness. Following that is eating

disorders, which was chosen by 83 people (32%). The sixth option, which is that it

increases stress, was chosen by 77 respondents (29.7%). Then 74 people (28.6%)

has said they became anxious. The third least popular response was depression,

which was chosen by 57 individuals (22%). Self-absorption and making respondents

feel impulsive were both selected by 33 respondents (12.7%). Others, which include

impulsivity, overthinking, procrastination, increasing insecurities, tiredness, and

unproductivity, is the least preferred option. This was selected by 17 people.

Research Question 4: Does the use of technology help you to improve or worsen

the way you act, think, and feel on a daily basis?

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According to the 254 responses of Cuenca Institute Senior High School

Students, most of the students stated that the use of technology improves their daily

lifestyle. 213 students (83.9 %) had agreed that technology usage would benefit the

way they act, think, and feel on a daily basis while 41 students (16.1%) had

disagreed that it would only worsen their lifestyle.

Research Question 5: On a scale of 1 to 10, how confidently can you say that using

technology helps you to develop or nourish your mental wellbeing every day? (Note:

1 is the lowest scale and 10 is the highest scale)

         

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In this graph, we can see the scale of 7 (Slightly Nourish) with the

highest probability of nourishing of mental wellbeing with 61 respondents (23.6%),

followed by 5 (Slightly struggle) with 57 respondents 22% showing that many people

are in the middle ground. Next up is scale of 8 with 51 respondents 19.7% and scale

of 6 (Neutral) with 47 respondents 18.1% shows that technology nourishes their

mental wellbeing with some flaws. Scale of 9 (Nourish) with 12 (4.6%) of the

respondents shows how close technology can nourish their mentality with few flaws

while scale of 10 (Totally Nourish) with 5 (1.9%) of the respondents shows that

technology can nourish their mentality with no flaws. The scale of 4 (Partly struggle)

with 18 respondents (6.9%) and the scale of 3 (Maybe Struggle) with 5 respondents

(1.9%) and scale of 1 (Not totally nourish) with 3 respondents (1.2%) struggles with

technology in terms of developing or nourishing their mental wellbeing every day. In

conclusion, in our respondents, many people nourish while few people struggle with

their mental wellbeing with technology.

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Research Question 6: On the other hand, on a scale of 1 to 10, how do you think

that using technology in your everyday life can totally damage the way of how you

think, act and feel? (Note: 1 is the lowest scale and 10 is the highest scale.)

            According to our respondents from Cuenca Institute Senior Highschool, out

of 259 respondents, 4 (1.6%) respondents said that they were totally unaffected

(scale 2), 11 (4.3%) were unaffected (scale 3), 26 (10.1%) were sometimes

unaffected (scale 4), 71 (27.5%) were either unaffected (scale 5), 42 (16.3%) were

neutral (scale 6), 46 (17.8%) were either affected (scale 7), 34 (13.2%) were

sometimes affected (scale 8), 16 (6.2%) were affected (scale 9), 8 (3.1%) were

greatly affected (scale 10). The highest probability is in the scale of 5, either

unaffected with 71 responses and followed by scale 7, sometimes affected with 46

responses while the lowest probability is at scale 2, totally unaffected with 4

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responses. This states that the majority of the students are either unaffected by the

usage of technology to their way of how they think, act and feel.

Research Question No. 7: Does technology affect your intellectual and emotional

health?

 A. Technology affects my intellectual

The graph depicts the way how technology affects the intellectuality of

students. According to the 259 respondents from the Cuenca Institute Senior High

School, 169 students (63.8 %) agree that technology affects their intellect. Followed

by the 72 students (63.8 %) that chose neither agree and next to the 17 students

(6.4%) that selected the strongly agree. Meanwhile, the 7 students (2.6%)

responded to nor disagreed. It shows that the majority of the students agree that

technology has a significant effect on their ability to think and to understand ideas

and information.

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B. Technology affects my emotional health

The graph illustrates the views of the students on how technology affects their

emotional health. According to the 259 respondents from the Cuenca Institute Senior

High School, 146 students (55.7 %) agree that using various technologies affect

their emotional well-being. Followed by the 72 students (27.5.8 %) that chose

neither. Then, 35 students (13.4%) selected strongly agree that technology has a

great effect on their emotional being. Meanwhile, the 9 students (2.6%) responded to

nor disagreed. It shows that the students agree that technology has a significant

effect on the way they manage their thoughts, feelings, and emotions through the

ups and downs of life.

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CHAPTER V

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

           This chapter contains the research findings or analysis from the students who

used technology on their daily basis. It gives an overview of the students' responses

in particular statements and it also contains the recommendation of the researchers.

Summary
          The general objective of this research is to determine the effect of technology

usage on the mental health of the Senior High School students in Cuenca Institute

during this pandemic. The researchers surveyed a total of 259 students from the

Senior High School department of Cuenca Institute from STEM, ABM, and HUMSS

respectively. The data was acquired by the researchers using a survey form. They

asked students questions in the form of survey questionnaires via Google forms.

Also, the researcher used descriptive research for determining the effect of

technology usage on the mental health of the Senior High School students in

Cuenca Institute during this pandemic as the method is relevant for their study.

Slovin’s formula was used to determine the sample size with a margin of error of

10%.  In addition, the statistical treatments used by the researchers were

Percentage, Weighted Average, and Likert Scale to further analyze the findings of

their research. 

       The results of this study proves that  there is a difference between using

technology, properly and improperly, on the mental health of the students. Wherein,

the proper usage of technology entertains and serves as a form of relaxation to the

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students mental health. Meanwhile, the improper usage of high-tech devices leads

to social media addiction that can worsen their mental health. Also, the usage of

technological devices makes the students improve their daily lifestyle. The use of

technology contributes to the students intellectual and emotional health being.

Conclusions

      These statements are the conclusions of the researchers based on the data and

findings gathered from the Cuenca Institute senior high school students.

1. A lot of the students are either unaffected when it comes to their mental

health when using devices.

2. Based on the answers of our respondents, using devices does not have that

much straining for their mental health. 

3. Proper use of various technology devices became a great source of

entertainment and relaxation to lessen the anxiety, stress, and sadness that

the students' overall mental health experiences throughout this new normal. 

4. Social media addiction is the greatest negative impact of improper usage of  

devices on our mental health.

5. Technology helps the students to improve their mental health every day.

6. The use of technology of the students helps them to develop or nourish their
mental health being everyday moderately.

7. The use of technology in everyday life of the students can slightly damage the
way of how they think, act and feel.

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8. The students agree that technology has a significant effect on their ability to
think and to understand ideas and information.

9. Lastly, the students agree that technology has a significant effect on the way
they manage their thoughts, feelings, and emotions through the ups and downs
of life.

Recommendations

      The following recommendations were derived from the results and conclusions

of the study.

1. To the senior high school students, take time to refrain from using their

devices to rest their mental health. They must avoid negative contents from

the internet that will affect their emotional and mental well-being.

2. To the guidance counselor they should be more aware of how to handle

students' mental health during this pandemic. They may provide some

information on how students can manage their mental health properly. Also,

they may create sites that can spread awareness on how to take care of the

students mental health during this pandemic. 

3. To the teachers, engage with their students in order to check their well-being.

They should educate their students on the possible effects of technology

usage on their health.

4. The institution should be more considerate of their students to know if they’re

struggling especially on their mental health. The institution may conduct

seminars on why students should prioritize taking care of their mental health.

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5. The parents monitor their children’s technology usage and the content they

engage with on the internet. They should always check their son/daughter’s

health, mentally, physical, and emotionally. Support them at all costs.

6. To the future researchers, they need a thorough analysis of their study. They

may add more variables and recent studies regarding the effect of technology

usage on mental health. As well as they must not only focus on the effect of

various technologies but also they may extend it to the environment where

the student or people are in, that is one of the main factors that can affect the

physical and mental health of the individual.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

All4kids.com (2020). Effects of Technology on Mental Health Retrieved from:

https://bit.ly/30h0uuK

Bashir, H., & Bhat, S. A. (2017). Effects of social media on mental health: A review.

International Journal of Indian Psychology, 4(3), 125-131. Retrieved from:

https://bit.ly/3IGmUXK

Duke University (2017). More Technology Use Linked to Mental Health Issues in At-

Risk Adolescences. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/31VIiXX

Ellis, S. (2020). The Growing Mental Health Effects of COVID-19 for Young Adults.

Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/3IKfkvp

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Haidt, J. & Nick, A., (2020). Scrutinizing the effects of digital technology on mental

health. Retrieved from: https://go.nature.com/3yj1TO6

Halupa, C. (2016). Risks: the impact of online learning and technology on student

physical, mental, emotional, and social health. In International Technology,

Education and Development Conference. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/3dIrDtF

Jason Dorsey.com. Gen Z and tech dependency: How the youngest generation

interacts differently with the digital world. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/3GCFuhK

Kecojevic, A., et al. (2020). The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on mental health

of undergraduate students in New Jersey, cross-sectional study. PloS one, 15(9).

Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/31X3n4j

Lazar, J. & Hochheiser H. (2017). Technology Usage. Retrieved from:

https://bit.ly/3lTBGR1

Lynch, M. (2019). The Effects of technology on the Teen Anxiety, Depression and

Mental Health. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/3pJg5Mq

Mentalhealth.gov. What Is Mental Health. Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/31Q9t6G

Purdue University. How Has Technology Changed Education? Retrieved from:

https://bit.ly/3ygQ4ry

Ravis, R. (2021). The Top Mental Health Challenges Facing Students.Retrieved

from: https://bit.ly/3pIgHli

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Regis College (2021). Effects of Technology in Children During a Pandemic.

Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/3dJ1QBD

Reverso Dictionary. Technology Usage Definition, Technology Usage Meaning.

Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/3EV0tMo

Sorkin, D. H., et al. (2021). Rise in use of digital mental health tools and

Technologies in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic: survey study.

Journal of medical Internet research, 23(4). Retrieved from: https://bit.ly/3ERbJZX

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APPENDIX A

LETTER TO THE SCHOOL PRINCIPAL

MRS. ANN ABEGAIL R. PEREZ


Officer-in-Charge
Cuenca Institute
Pob. 3, Cuenca, Batangas

SUBJECT: Permission to conduct survey

Dear Mrs. Perez

Good Day!
We, researchers from Grade 12 STEM Romans, send you this letter to ask for your
permission to conduct a study entitled "The Effect of Technology Usage on the
Mental Health of Senior High School Students in Cuenca, Institute during this
Pandemic"
The reason for conducting the study is due to the increase of mental health issues
towards using various technologies during this kind of situation where students are
vulnerable to different high-tech devices. It aims to provide some information about
the effect of using technology on the mental health of the student during this
pandemic. The data will be gathered through surveying google forms. The
researchers assert that the respondents' information would be hidden from the public
and that their identities would be kept anonymous.
The researchers genuinely appreciate your consideration, and your approval will
tremendously help them in achieving the best possible findings and taking necessary
steps to raise student knowledge of the above-mentioned topic.
God Bless you!

Respectfully yours,
EUNICE AVESTRUZ
Research Leader
Noted by:
ELSIE GRACE J. DIMACULANGAN, LPT
          Practical Research 2 Adviser 

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APPENDIX B

INFORMED CONSENT FORM

The Respondent

Dear Sir/ Ma'am:

The undersigned is a Grade 12 student of Cuenca Institute, Senior High


School Department taking Practical Research 2. As a requirement, we are
conducting research entitled "The Effect of Technology Usage on the Mental
Health of Senior High School Students in Cuenca, Institute during this
Pandemic". 
          The purpose of the study is to know the different effects of using technology
on the mental health of senior high school students in Cuenca, Institute in the midst
of a pandemic.
In connection with this, we are asking for your time, and voluntary effort to
answer the questionnaires that are important for the completion of the study. Rest
assured that all data gathered from you will be kept at the highest level of
confidentiality. Your positive response will be a valuable contribution to the success
of the study and will be highly appreciated. Thank you very much for your
cooperation.
 
Respectfully yours, 
ALIMURONG, EUAN CHRYSLER T.
AVESTRUZ, EUNICE
GUTIERREZ, RANDOLF EIVAN E.
LUNAR, ELISA P.
ROBLES, NESTOR CHRISTIAN U.
PALAY, PHOEBE MARGARET M.
Researchers
Noted by:

ELSIE GRACE J. DIMACULANGAN, LPT


Practical Research 2 Adviser

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APPENDIX C

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

The Effect of Technology Usage to the Mental Health of the Senior High School

Students of Cuenca Institute During the Pandemic

Good day!

The undersigned is a Grade 12 student taking Practical Research 2. As a

requirement, we are conducting research entitled "The Effect of Technology Usage

on the Mental Health of Senior High School Students in Cuenca Institute during this

Pandemic"

In connection with this, we are asking for your time, and voluntary effort to

answer the questionnaires that are important for the completion of the study. Rest

assured that all data gathered from you will be kept at the highest level of

confidentiality. Your positive response will be a valuable contribution to the success

of the study and will be highly appreciated. Thank you very much for your

cooperation.

Respectfully yours,

Eunice Avestruz

Research Leader

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About the Study

This study aims to know the different effects of using technology on the mental

health of senior high school students in Cuenca Institute, amid a pandemic. This

survey format aims to identify the various opinion of the students on how they use

technology and how it may affect their mental health is at this present day. Mental

Health is our emotional, psychological, and social well-being. It is how we think, feel

and act.

Personal Information

Name (Surname, Given Name, Middle Initial)

Gender

Strand and Section

Survey Questions

Kindly answer the following questions honestly and precisely .Take note that all of

your answers would be accepted and be a great part of this research to grant this

issue.

Question No. 1 : How straining is it for your mental health when you spend most of

your day using your devices?

 Scale of 1 to 10 ( 1 lowest scale and 10 highest scale)

Question No. 2 : What are the benefits of properly using devices to your mental

health?

47 | P r a c ti c a l R e s e a r c h 1
CUENCA INSTITUTE
Senior High School Department

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS

 It reduces sadness

 It entertains me

 It provides various knowledge

 It serves as a source of relaxation

 It reduces stress

 It improves my intellectuality

 It reduces my anxiety

 If others, please specify here:_________

Question No. 3 : What are the disadvantages of improperly using you devices to

your mental health?

 Depression

 Anxiety

 Eating disorders

 Self-absorption

 Unhealthy self-centeredness

 Increase stress

 Social Media Addiction

 It makes me impulsive

 It makes me overthink

 If others, please specify here:_________

48 | P r a c ti c a l R e s e a r c h 1
CUENCA INSTITUTE
Senior High School Department

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS

Question No. 4 : Is the use of technology helps you to improve or worsen the way

you act, think, and feel on a daily basis?

 Yes

 No

Question No. 5 : On a scale of 1 to 10, how confidently you can say that using

technology can help you to develop or nourish your mental well being everyday?

 Scale of 1 to 10 ( 1 lowest scale and 10 highest scale)

Question No. 6 : On the other hand on a scale of 1 to 10, how do you think that

using technology in your everyday life can totally damage the way of how you think,

act and feel?

 Scale of 1 to 10 ( 1 lowest scale and 10 highest scale)

Question No. 7.1 : Technology affects my intellectual

 Strongly Agree

 Agree

 Neither Agree

 Nor Disagree

Question No. 7.2 : Technology affects my emotional health

 Strongly Agree

 Agree

 Neither Agree

49 | P r a c ti c a l R e s e a r c h 1
CUENCA INSTITUTE
Senior High School Department

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING AND MATHEMATICS

 Nor Disagree

50 | P r a c ti c a l R e s e a r c h 1

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