INTRODUCTION

The Philippine Correctional System also known as the penal

system thus refers to a network of agencies that administer a

jurisdiction's prisons, and community-based programs like parole,

and probation boards. This system is part of the larger criminal

justice system, which additionally includes police, prosecution

and courts. There are three major government agencies that are

involved in the Philippine Correctional System, these are the

Department of Justice (DOJ), Department of the Interior and Local

Government (DILG) and the Department of Social Welfare and

Development (DSWD).

The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP), was

created on January 2, 1991.[ CITATION BJM10 \l 1033 ] It was created thru

Republic Act 6975 as mandated by the law, the BJMP shall operate

under the Department of Interior Local Government (DILG). The

Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) supervises and

controls of all the district, city and municipal jails. There are

four (4) major programs under the mandate of BJMP and they are

the following: (A.) PDL custody, security and control program.

(B.) PDL welfare and development program. (C.) Decongestion

program. (D.) Good governance. These are the functions of the

BJMP; (A.) In line with its mission, the Jail Bureau endeavors to

perform the following functions: Formulate policies and

guidelines in the administration of all district, city, and

municipal jails nationwide; (B.) Implement strong security

measures for the control of PDL; (C.) Provide for the basic needs

of PDL; (D.) Conduct activities for the development of PDL; (E.)

Improve jail facilities; and, (F.) Promote the general welfare

and development of personnel.

Its customers are detainees who have been charged with a

crime and are being held in such facilities while their cases are

being investigated, those who are awaiting final judgment and

those who are serving a court-imposed sentence of less than three

years/or transfer to the National Penitentiary, and/or a violent

mentally ill person who endangers himself or others as certified

by a proper medical or health officer, pending transfer to a

mental institution.

The Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, also referred to

as the Jail Bureau, was created pursuant to Section 60 to 65,

Chapter V, RA No. 6975, and initially consisting of uniformed

officers and members of the Jail Management and Penology service

as constituted under Presidential Decree No. 765. RA 9263

provides that the Bureau shall be headed by a Chief who is

assisted by two (2) Deputy Chiefs, one (1) for Administration and

another for Operations, and one (1) Chief of Directorial Staff,

all of whom are appointed by the President upon the

recommendation of the DILG Secretary from among the qualified

officers with the rank of at least Senior Superintendent in the

BJMP. The Chief of the BJMP carries the rank of Director and

serves a tour of duty that must not exceed four (4) years, unless

extended by the President in times of war and other national

emergencies. Officers who have retired or are within six (6)

months from their compulsory retirement age are not qualified to

be appointed as Jail Director or designated as BJMP Chief.

The second officer in command of the BJMP is the Deputy

Chief for Administration, the third officer in command is the

Deputy Chief for Operations, and the fourth officer in command is

The Chief of the Directorial Staff, all of whom carry the rank of

Chief Superintendent. They are assisted by the Directors of the

Directorates in the National Headquarters who carry the rank of

at least Senior Superintendent.

The BJMP operates and maintains Regional Offices in each of

the administrative regions of the country, headed by a Regional

Director for Jail Management and Penology, with the rank of at

least Senior Superintendent. The Regional Director is assisted by

an Assistant Regional Director for Administration, Assistant

Regional Director for Operations, and Regional Chief of

Directorial Staff, who are all officers with the rank of at least

Superintendent.
 The BJMP operates and maintains Regional Offices in each of

the administrative regions of the country, headed by a Regional

Director for Jail Management and Penology, with the rank of at

least Senior Superintendent. The Regional Director is assisted by

an Assistant Regional Director for Administration, Assistant

Regional Director for Operations, and Regional Chief of

Directorial Staff, who are all officers with the rank of at least

Superintendent.

In every province, the BJMP operates and maintains a

Provincial Jail Administrator’s Office headed by a Provincial

Administrator, to oversee the implementation of jail services of

all district, city and municipal jails within its territorial

jurisdiction. Within large cities or a group of clustered

municipalities, a District Jail headed by a District Warden may

be established. The BJMP operates and maintains City and

Municipal Jails, each headed by a city or Municipal Warden, as

the case may be.

The original purpose of confining a person within a prison

was not to punish them, but was a means of keeping the

perpetrator of a crime detained until the actual punishment could

be carried out[ CITATION Nel15 \l 1033 ]. Thus, the researcher is

interested of what is the problems encountered by the BJMP

Calapan city in the supervision of inmates. As a criminology

student, the researcher wants to aims to impart additional

knowledge to the Supervision of the inmates of the Calapan City

Jail. While the study could have not been undertaken regarding

the jail supervision, however, none of the researcher’s knowledge

has been undertaken about the management of jails in Oriental

Mindoro, Calapan City.

REASEARCH LOCALE

This study will be conducted at Calapan City Jail District.

One of the District Jail of MIMAROPA, it is located at Sapul,

Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro. Calapan City Jail is a newly

construct jail with the capacity of 700 inmates. One of the

reasons of the construction of the Calapan City Jail why such a

facility was built is to make it more comfortable or humane to

stop PDLs or Persons Deprived of Liberty and to raise their

morale even more as part of the reform of the aforementioned

PDLs.

Figure 1. Calapan City Jail District

 THEORERICAL FRAMEWORK

This study anchored to this theory:

According to [CITATION Jer \l 1033 ] in the Theory X of proposed by

Douglas McGregor, theory X advocates the close monitoring of

employees, saying managers constantly should be encouraging their

employees to do more. The theory holds that employees will do as

little as possible whenever possible; therefore, managers have to

keep employees as motivated and productive as possible. As well

as in the Correctional Pillars the Jail Guards or other officers

in the BJMP must have a close monitoring to the inmates, they

should encourage the inmates to do good things, be motivated and

productive so that maybe they can lower the years of sentence if

the parole and probation saw that they are really changing inside

the prison.

Having a good supervision in jails have a very big impact to

the inmates[ CITATION KAl95 \l 1033 ] because they can have effectively

control, effective supervision, competent staff, safety of staff

and inmates, manageable and cost-effective operations, effective

communication, classification and orientation, justice and

fairness, and ownership of operations. Together, these principles

and skills demonstrate how the role of the jail supervisor is

changing. Knowing the audience is probably the most critical

component of communication. Other crucial skills are to

understand and use the audience's preferred style. Improving

relationships with supervisors and coworkers can also improve

productivity. Supervisors should be sensitive to input from both

supervisors and subordinates and when scheduling activities.

Problem-solving and decision-making skills are needed for dealing

with unique or different situations. Leadership involves

motivating personnel, setting the appropriate tone, empowering

workers, and making a shared vision the authority for action.

Supervisors must also know inmates' rights and privileges and be

able to explain them to subordinates. Reading corrections

publications and keeping up with new technologies and initiatives

are ways to maintain professional knowledge and help the

supervisor prepare staff for changes.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

This study will be conducted to determine what problems does

the BJMP personnel encountered in the supervision of inmates in

Calapan City Jail.

1. What are the factors affecting the supervisions of the

officers or personnel’s of BJMP Calapan City in terms of:

a. Capacity of the Cells

b. Managing Behaviors

2. Is there enough fund for the district office of Calapan

to supervise the inmates easily?

 3. Does the personnel’s of BJMP Calapan having a hard time

supervising the inmates?

4. What are the strategies that they come up to have a

better supervision for the inmates?

HYPOTHESIS OF THE STUDY

Having a good supervision is having a good communication

skill to other people. The more the good of supervision the less

the violence in the jails and also the more overcrowding of the

cells the more violence will come up and supervisions of the

personnel’s and officers will be less effective.

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The outcome of the study will give other researches, other

branch or district offices on what is the most effective

supervisions to inmates to have a good action plan for it.

1. BJMP Offices- This study will help them to know what is the

action plan for other places similar to Calapan city.

2. Family of inmates – This study helps to know what kind of

supervision does the BJMP Calapan City District do.

3. The Students and Researchers- This study can also be used by

students and researchers as a reference in conducting

further researches.
 4. The Researcher- This study is also beneficial to the

researcher as a requirement in his degree and in enhancing

further his knowledge.

5. Personnel’s or Implementors- to know what strategy would be

the best to supervise inmates.

SCOPE AND DELIMITATION

This study focused on the basis for action plan for the good

supervision of the inmates of the Calapan City Jail. This study

will be conducted during the First and Second Semester of the

school year 2021-2022 through the administration of self-made

questionnaire.

DEFENITION OF TERMS

Inmates- a person confined to an institution such as a prison or

hospital.

Supervision- the action of supervising someone or something.

Corrections- refers to the branch of the criminal justice system

that deals with individuals who have been convicted of a crime.

The role of the correctional system is to ensure that an

offender's sentence is carried out, whether it's time in jail or

prison, probation, or community service.

 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter includes the review of related literature and

studies which the researcher has perused to shed light on the

topic under study.