2 Mathematical Preliminaries

2.1
N (−1 − n , 1 + n ) and B = [−1, 1]. Prove or disprove that A = B.
T 1 1
Define A = n∈

2.2
N (−1 + n , 1 − n ). Prove or disprove that A = B.
S 1 1
Define A = (−1, 1) and B = n∈

2.3
R
Let An be the set of points (x, y) ∈ 2 lying on the curve y = 1
xn for 0 < x < ∞. What is
∩n∈N An ? Give an answer and a proof for your answer.

2.4
Prove the following.

ˆ B ∪ ( Ai )) = (B ∪ Ai ).
T T
i∈I i∈I

ˆ B−(
T S
Ai ) = (B − Ai ).
i∈I i∈I

2.5
Give three examples of a function from R to R that is injective but not surjective.
2.6
Give three examples of a function from R to R that is surjective but not injective.
2.7
Give three examples of a function from R to R that is bijective.
2.8
Let f (x) = x2 . Find the image of (−3, 1) under f .

2.9
√
Let f (x) = x3 . Find the preimage of [0, 2] under f .

1
2.10
Give an example of the following. Suppose f : A → B is a function. If {Ci : i ∈ I} is a family
of subsets of A, then
 
S S
1. f Ci = f (Ci ) and
i∈I i∈I
 
T T
2. f Ci ⊊ f (Ci ).
i∈I i∈I

2.11
Give an example of the following. Suppose f : A → B is a function. If {Ci : i ∈ I} is a family
of subsets of A, then
 
S S
1. f Ci = f (Ci ) and
i∈I i∈I
 
T T
2. f Ci = f (Ci ).
i∈I i∈I

2.12
Determine if each of the following is an equivalence relation. If it is not an equivalence relation,
specify why it is not.

ˆ Let X be some set of males and R be “parent of.”

ˆ “Has the same birthday as” on the set of all people.

ˆ The relation “≥” on R.

ˆ The relation “>” on R.

ˆ The relation “̸=” on R.