B.N.M.

Institute of Technology
An Autonomous Institution under VTU

Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering

BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGNEERING

LABORATORY

I / II SEMESTER
BASIC ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORY

(21BEE114)

Name: _______________________
Branch/Batch: _________________
USN No.: _____________________
Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

Vision of the institution:

To be one of the premier Institutes of Engineering and Management education in the country.

Mission of the institution:

To provide Engineering and Management education that meets the needs of human resources
in the country.

To develop leadership qualities, team spirit and concern for environment in students.

Department: Electrical & Electronics Engineering

Vision:

To be a premier department for education in Electrical and Electronics Engineering in

Karnataka state, moulding students into professional Engineers.

Mission

To provide teaching/learning facilities in Electrical and Electronics Engineering for easy

adaptation to industry and higher learning.

Provide environment for self-learning to meet the challenges of changing technology and
inculcate team spirit and leadership qualities to succeed in professional career.

Empathize with the societal needs and environmental concerns in Electrical & Electronics
Engineering practices.

Program Educational Objectives (PEOs):

After 2/3 years of graduation, the students will have the ability to:

 Analyze, design and propose solutions in the field of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
and adapt to changes in technology by self-learning.

 Work effectively as an individual or as an entrepreneur and exhibit leadership qualities in a

team to meet the goals of the organization.

 Work with professionalism and concern for environment to meet the societal needs.

 Excel in professional career by achieving higher learning and contribute to technological

innovations

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 2

 Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

Semester: I / II
Basic Electrical Engineering Laboratory
Course objectives:
After studying this course, students should be able to:
❖ Explain how to verify KCL and KVL for DC circuit.
❖ Explain power and power factor measurement of different type of lamps.
❖ Explain measurement of power consumed in a 3-phase load.
❖ Explain methods of controlling a lamp from different places.
❖ Explain the wiring for domestic appliances and Suitability of earth resistance.
❖ Determine performance characteristics of 1-phase induction motor and transformer
❖ To control the speed of DC motor
Pre-requisites: NIL
Course outcomes
At the end of the course the student will be able to:
CO1: Verify KCL and KVL for DC circuits.
CO2: Compare power consumption & power factor of LED, incandescent lamp, and fluorescent lamps.
CO3: Measure the power consumed by a 3- phase load.
CO4: Exhibit the working of two-way & three-way control of lamps and domestic wiring
CO5: Measure the variation of earth resistance with the variation in distance.
CO6: Control the speed of DC shunt motor by armature & field control methods.
CO7: Determine performance characteristic of 1-phase induction motor and transformer.

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 3

 Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

Sl. No. Experiments

1 Verification of KCL and KVL for DC circuits
2 Performance characteristics of 1-phase IM
Measurement of Current, Power and Power Factor of Incandescent Lamp, Fluorescent
3 Lamp and LED Lamp.
4 Speed control of DC Shunt motor using Armature control and Field control methods
5 Determination of efficiency of a single-phase transformer by direct load test.
6 Measurement of 3 - phase Power using Two Wattmeter Method.
7 Wiring for domestic appliances and Measurement of Earth Resistance
8 Two Way and Three-Way Control of Lamp and Formation of Truth Table.
Graduate Attributes (As per NBA)
Engineering Knowledge (PO1), Modern tool usage (PO5), The Engineer and Society (PO6)
Individual and Teamwork (PO9), Lifelong Learning (PO12)
Text Books
Fundamentals of Electrical S. Chand and Company
1 B L Theraja Reprint edition, 2013
Engineering & Electronics Pvt. Ltd.

D. C.
2 Basic Electrical Engineering McGraw-Hill Education 1st edition, 2019
Kulshreshtha
Reference Books
1 Electrical Technology E Huges Pearson International 9th edition
Students
Principles of Electrical V K Mehta and S. Chand and Company
2 Engineering & Electronics Rohit Mehta Pvt. Ltd.

Safety Precautions and Rules to be followed in the Laboratory

• Compulsorily wear Rubber sole shoes.
• Don’t wear metal bangles/bracelets.
• Main switch must be switched-OFF while making connections.
• Do not touch any live terminals.
• Circuit connections should be checked & approved by the faculty before switching on
the supply.
• Keep your Experimental Set-up neat and tidy.
• Handle all the equipment carefully to avoid any damages.
• Use suitable length wires for making circuit connections
• Check the polarities of meters and supplies while making connections.
• Always connect the voltmeter in the end after making all other connections.
• Do not use joints for connection of wire.
• Remove all the extra unused wires from your working table.
• Make firm connections, avoid loose connections. Loose connections lead to heavy
sparking & damage the equipment as well as danger for the human life.
• For making perfect experiment connections and to avoid confusions follow proper
colour coding connections strictly. Red colour wires should be used for positive

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 4

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

connections (Line in case of AC) while black colour wires to be used for negative
connections (Neutral in case of AC).

General Instruction to the Candidates

• Students should attend the laboratory wearing the prescribed uniform, rubber shoe and
ID card.
• Students have to bring Observation note book, Record note book and calculators etc. to
the Laboratory.
• They should come with thorough preparation for the experiment to be conducted.
• Students will not be permitted to attend the laboratory unless they bring the practical
record fully complete in all respects pertaining to the experiment conducted in the
previous class.
• Students have to show their observation book with results and calculations to the staff
in-charge.
• All the calculations should be made in the observation book. Specimen calculations for
one set of readings have to be shown in the practical record.
• Wherever graphs are to be drawn, A-4 size graphs only should be used and the same
should be firmly attached to the practical record.
• Practical record should be neatly maintained.
• Theory for each experiment should be written in the practical record before procedure
in your own words.
• If you miss any practical class due to unavoidable reasons, inform the staff in-charge
and do the missed experiment in the repetition class.
• Such of those students who fail to put in a minimum of 85% attendance in the laboratory
class will run the risk of not being allowed for the University Practical Examination.

Expt Page
Name of the Experiment COs
No No
1 Verification of KCL and KVL for DC circuits 8 1
2 Measurement of Current, Power and Power Factor of
Incandescent Lamp, Fluorescent Lamp and LED Lamp.
12 2
3 Measurement of 3 - phase Power using Two Wattmeter
Method. 15 3
4 Two Way and Three-Way Control of Lamp and Formation of
Truth Table. 17 4
5 Wiring for domestic appliances and Measurement of Earth
Resistance
20 5,4
6 Determination of efficiency of a single-phase transformer by
direct load test. 24 7
7 Speed control of DC Shunt motor using Armature control and
Field control methods 26 6
8 Performance characteristics of 1-phase IM
29 7

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 5

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

Cycle of Experiments:

Cycle-1
1 Verification of KCL and KVL for DC circuits
2 Measurement of Current, Power and Power Factor of Incandescent Lamp,
Fluorescent Lamp and LED Lamp.
3 Measurement of 3 - phase Power using Two Wattmeter Method.
4 Two Way and Three-Way Control of Lamp and Formation of Truth Table.

Cycle-2
5 Wiring for domestic appliances and Measurement of Earth Resistance
6 Determination of efficiency of a single-phase transformer by direct load test.
7 Speed control of DC Shunt motor using Armature control and Field control methods
8 Performance characteristics of 1-phase IM

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 6

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

Guidelines to be followed to write the record

Left side Right side

Expt. No Date:

Circuit Diagram
Title of the experiment

Aim:

Apparatus Required
Tabular column

Theory

Formulae
Procedure

Specimen Calculation (for any one reading)

Result

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 7

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

Experiment No.1
Verification of Kirchhoff's Laws for DC Circuits.
Aim:
(A) To verify Kirchhoff’s Current Law for the given DC circuit.
(B) To verify Kirchhoff's Voltage Law for the given DC circuit.

Apparatus Required:
Sl. No Name of the Apparatus Range & Type Quantity
1 Regulated DC Power Supply 0-30 V 1 No.
2 DC Ammeter 0-1 A (MC) 3 Nos.
3 DC Voltmeter 0-30V (MC) 1 No.
22 Ω, 25W 1 No.
5 Ω, 25 W 1 No.
3 Resistors (wire wound type)
10 Ω, 25W 1 No.
2.2 Ω, 25W 1 No.
4 Connecting Wires

Circuit Diagram

(a) KCL

Figure 1.1: Circuit diagram for KCL

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 8

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

(b) KVL

Figure 1.2: Circuit diagram for KVL

Precautions:
• Before switching ON the Regulated Power Supply (RPS) set voltage control knob in
minimum position and current control knob at maximum position.
• Ensure proper polarity of meter connections.

(a) Procedure for KCL

1. Make the connections as shown in figure 1.1.
2. Switch ON the supply and adjust regulated DC power supply to 4 V.
3. Note down the corresponding ammeter readings in table 1.1.
4. Repeat the above steps by changing the supply voltages to 6V, 8 V and note down the
ammeter readings.
5. Reduce the RPS voltage to zero and switch OFF the supply.
6. Verify the results by calculating theoretically each branch current.

(b)Procedure for KVL

1. Make the connections as shown in figure 1.2.
2. Switch ON the supply and adjust regulated DC power supply to 4 V.
3. Note down all the voltmeter readings in table 1.2.
4. Repeat the above steps for different supply voltages of 6V, 8 V respectively.

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 9

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

5. Verify the results by calculating theoretically.

Note: -
1. Measure the actual value of resistance using multi-meter for theoretical calculation of
current.
2. The experiment can be repeated by changing the value of resistors.

Table 1.1: Kirchhoff’s Current Law

Sl. Supply Ammeter Ammeter Ammeter I1= I2 +I3
No Voltage Reading (I1) in Reading (I2) in Reading (I3) in in (mA)
(DC) (mA) (mA) (mA) (at Node 1)
1

Theoretical Calculations

Ammeter Reading (I1) in Ammeter Reading (I2) Ammeter Reading (I3)

Voltage mA in mA in mA
Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical
value value value value value value

Table 1.2: Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

Voltmeter Voltmeter Voltmeter Voltmeter V= V2= V=

Supply
reading Reading reading reading V1 + V 2 V3 + V 4 V1 + V 3 + V 4
Sl.No. Voltage
in volts in volts in volts in volts in volts in volts in volts
(DC)
(V1) (V2) (V3) (V4) (Loop1) (Loop2) (outer loop)

1
2
3

Theoretical Calculations

Voltmeter Reading Voltmeter Reading Voltmeter Reading Voltmeter Reading

Voltage (V1) in V (V2) in V (V3) in V (V4) in V
Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical
value value value value value value value value

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 10

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

Result:

Viva Questions:
1. Define KCL and KVL.

2. Is KVL and KCL being applied to AC circuits or DC circuits?

3. What do you mean by the terms loop and mesh?

4. What are the applications of KCL and KVL in electrical engineering?

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 11

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

Experiment No.2
Measurement of current, power and power factor of Incandescent lamp,
fluorescent lamp, and LED lamp.
Aim: To measure the current, power and power factor of:
(i) Incandescent lamp: 40W (ii) Fluorescent lamp: 40W(iii) LED lamp: 9 W
Apparatus Required:
Sl.
Name of the Equipment Range & (type) Quantity
No
1 Ammeter 0-2 A(MI) 1 No.
2 Voltmeter 0-300 V(MI) 1 No.
3 Wattmeter 0-300V, 2 A, LPF 1 No.
4 Wattmeter 0-300V, 5 A, UPF 1 No.
5 Incandescent Lamp 40W 1 No.
6 LED Lamp 9W 1 No.
7 Fluorescent Lamp set 40W 1 No.
8 Electrolytic Capacitor 1 No.
Circuit Diagram

Figure-2.1: Circuit Diagram for Measurement of Power and Power Factor of

Fluorescent Lamp

Figure-2.2: Circuit Diagram for Measurement of Power and Power factor of

LED/Incandescent Lamp

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 12

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

Procedure:
Fluorescent Lamp

1. Make the connections as shown in the figure 2.1

2. Switch ON the supply.
3. Note down the voltmeter, ammeter, and wattmeter readings in the tabular column.
4. Close the switch S to connect the capacitor C in parallel.
5. Repeat step 3.
6. Open the Switch S and switch OFF the supply.
7. Calculate the power and power factor.
Incandescent lamp / LED lamp
1. Make the connections as shown in figure 2.2 with incandescent lamp.
2. Switch ON the supply.
3. Note down the voltmeter, ammeter, and wattmeter readings in table 3.1.
4. Replace incandescent lamp with LED lamp and repeat steps 2 and 3.
5. Calculate the power and power factor.

Observation Table

Table 3.1 Measurement of power

Wattmeter
Ammeter Voltmeter 𝑪𝒐𝒔∅
Sl Reading:
Type of Lamp Reading (I) Reading (V) (Power Remarks
No. (P) × (K)
in Amps in volts factor)
in watts

1 Without C
Fluorescent
2 With C

3 Incandescent

4 LED

𝑷 𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒖𝒎𝒆𝒅 (𝑷)
𝑷𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓 (𝑪𝒐𝒔∅) = =
𝑽𝑰 𝑽𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈(𝑽) × 𝑨𝒎𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝑹𝒆𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈(𝑰)

𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞 𝐑𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 × 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐑𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 × 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐅𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫

𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭(𝐊) =
𝐋𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫 𝐅𝐮𝐥𝐥 𝐬𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐞 𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫

Power consumed by the lamp P = Wattmeter reading × Wattmeter constant (K).

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 13

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

Result:

Inference:

It is found that ______________ Lamp has low power factor and ____________ Lamp has
high power factor.

Viva Questions:
1. Define Electrical Power.
2. Define Power factor.
3. Which type of Wattmeter is used for power measurement?
4. What is the use of starter?
5. What is the use of capacitor in circuit?

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 14

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

Experiment No. 3
Measurements of three phase power by two-watt meter method.
Aim: To measure three phase power using two-watt meters.
Apparatus required:
Sl.
Name of the Equipment Range& Type Quantity
No
1 Ammeter 0-5A(MI) 1 No.
2 Voltmeter 0-500 V(MI) 1 No.
0-500V, 0-5A,
3 Wattmeter 2 Nos.
UPF
4 Three Phase Lamp Load -- 1 No.
5 Connecting Wires --

Circuit Diagram

Figure 3.1: Circuit Diagram - Measurement of Three Phase Power using two wattmeter
method

Phasor representation

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 15

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

Procedure:
1. Make the connections as shown in figure 3.1.
2. Switch ON the supply by keeping three phase auto transformer at zero position.
3. Adjust the three-phase auto transformer such that voltmeter reads 400 V.
4. Switch ON the lamp load and note down the readings of voltmeter, ammeter and
wattmeter.
5. Repeat the same for two more load current settings.
6. Turn OFF the load and bring back auto-transformer to zero position and switch OFF
the supply.
Observation Table

Wattmeter Wattmeter Total ∅=

Voltmeter Ammeter −𝟏 𝐖 −𝐖 𝑷𝒄𝒂𝒍
Sl Reading Reading Power 𝒕𝒂𝒏 [√𝟑 ( 𝟏 𝟐 )]
Reading Reading 𝐖𝟏 +𝐖𝟐 = √𝟑𝑽𝑳 𝑰𝑳 𝐜𝐨𝐬 ∅
No (W1) × K (W2) × K P= degrees
(V) volts (I) amps Watts
watts watts (W1+W2)
1
2
3

𝐕𝐨𝐥𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 × 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐑𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞 × 𝐏𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫

𝐖𝐚𝐭𝐭𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭(𝐊) =
𝐋𝐨𝐰𝐞𝐫𝐅𝐮𝐥𝐥𝐬𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐞𝐨𝐟𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫

Result:

Viva Questions:
1. In the given circuit the load is connected in which pattern?

2. Is the total three phase power is possible to measure by a single wattmeter method?

3. What is the difference between balanced and unbalanced load.

4. Is this method of Power measurement can be applied to unbalanced load condition?

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 16

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

Experiment No.4:

Two way and three-way control of a lamp and formation of truth table.

Aim: To Control a lamp from two or three different locations/points.

(a) Two-way control of a Lamp
(b) Three Way control of a Lamp

Apparatus Required:
Sl.
Apparatus Required Quantity
No
1 Two-way switch 2 Nos.
2 Intermediate switch 1 No.
3 Incandescent Lamp 1 No.
4 MCB 1 No.
5 Connecting Wires --

Circuit diagram

Figure 4.1: Circuit Diagram for Two-way Control of Lamp

Figure 4.2: Circuit Diagram for Three-way Control of Lamp

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 17

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

Procedure
Two-way Control of Lamp
1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure 4.1.
2. Switch ON the supply
3. Verify the truth table by operating the two-way switches and note down the state of
lamp.

Observation Table- Two-way control of Lamp

Switch (S1) Switch(S2) Lamp Status
1 1' ON
1 2' OFF
2 1' OFF
2 2' ON

Three- way Control of Lamp

1. Connect the circuit as shown in figure 4.2.
2. Switch ON the supply
3. Bring the intermediate switch to straight connection (1-1).
4. Verify the truth table by operating the two-way switches and note down the state of
lamp.
5. Bring the intermediate switch to cross connection (2-2).
6. Verify the truth table by operating the two-way switches and note down the state of
lamp.
Observation Table: Three-way control of Lamp
Intermediate
Switch(S1) Switch(S2) Lamp Status
switch position
1 1' ON
Straight
1 2' OFF
Connection
2 1' OFF
(A-A' & B-B')
2 2' ON
1 1' OFF
Cross
1 2' ON
Connection
2 1' ON
(A-B' & B-A')
2 2' OFF

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 18

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

Result:

Viva Questions:
1. What is the application of two-way control of switch?

2. What is the application of three-way control of Switch?

3. List various types of switches used in electrical wiring system.

4. What is the difference between two-way switch and single pole switch?

5. How many terminals are there in intermediate switch?

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 19

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

Experiment No.5

Wiring for domestic appliances and Measurement of Earth Resistance

a) Wiring for domestic appliances

Aim: To wire two to three domestic appliances with safety devices

Objective of experiment: 1) To understand the concept of domestic wiring

2) To wire domestic appliances with control devices and protective
devices.

Apparatus required: Fuse cut-out, Energy meter, Miniature circuit breaker, Switches,
Indicator, Socket, Fan regulator, domestic appliances and patch cords.

Circuit diagram:

Figure 5.1: Electrical connection of domestic appliances

Procedure:
(1) Rig up the circuit using patch cords as shown in Figure 5.1. The AC supply of 230 V is first
given to a meter board which consists of Fuse cut-out and energy meter.
(2) From meter board, the phase/live wire is given to single pole miniature circuit breaker MCB
for safety operation. Indicator is connected across the supply of 230 V to indicate the
availability of power.
(3) Phase wire [red colour] is connected to all the domestic appliances through one-way
switches. Fan regulator is connected in series with switch and BLDC fan to control the speed
of the fan.
(4) Neutral wire [Black colour] is then connected to all appliances for return path.
(5) Ground wire [Green colour] is connected to metallic parts of meters and five pin socket.
(6) The various loads such as BLDC fan, lamp and power point comprising five pin socket are
connected in parallel to single phase AC supply.

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 20

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

(7) Five pin, 5A socket outlet is used for connecting external loads such as Iron box,
Refrigerator, mixer, Electric Ovens etc.
(8) Power flow to all the domestic appliances are checked by using one way switches.

Note: Domestic supply specifications

• Phase to neutral voltage, VPN=230 V,
• Peak or amplitude or maximum value is Vmax=230x2=325.27 V
• Phase to ground voltage, VPG=230 V
• Neutral to ground voltage VNG=<5V practically or 0V under ideal condition
• Supply frequency F=50Hz, Time period of the cycle T=20ms.

Result:

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 21

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

(b): Measurement of Earth Resistance

Aim: To measure the resistance of the earth.

Apparatus Required:
Sl.
Apparatus Quantity
No
1 Earth Tester 1 No.
2 Measuring electrodes. 2 No.

Circuit diagram:

Figure 5.3: Circuit diagram for measurement of earth resistance

Procedure:
1. Insert the two spikes acting as current & potential electrode namely E2& P2 terminals
into the ground at a convenient distance apart.
2. Short the P1& E1 terminals of the device & connect it to the earth electrode under test.
3. Note down the readings.

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 22

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

4. Repeat the above procedure for different distances.

5. Plot the graph of distance v/s earth resistance.
Observation Table

Distance (d) in Megger Reading

Sl. No
cm (Resistance) in Ω
1 0
2 0+6 = 6
3 6+29=35
4 35+29=64
5 64+29=93
6 93+29=122
7 122+29=151
8 151+29=180
9 180+29=209
10 209+6=215

Typical Characteristics of distance v/s earth resistance

Result:

Viva Questions:
1. What is the significance earthing in electrical circuit?

2. What meter is used to measure earth resistance?

3. List various types of earthing?

4. Is earth resistance is same everywhere?

5. What are the factors affecting Earth resistance.

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 23

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

Experiment No.6

Determination of efficiency of a single-phase transformer by direct load test.

Aim: To determine the efficiency and regulation of a single-phase transformer by Direct

Loading.

Apparatus Required:

Sl.No. Equipment Range Quantity

1. Ammeter MI (0-10 A) 2

2. Voltmeter MI (0-250V) 2

4. Wattmeter 250 V, 10 A, UPF 2

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 6.1: Circuit Diagram – Efficiency of single-phase transformer

Name Plate Details of transformer

Procedure:

1. Make the connections as shown in circuit diagram shown in figure 6.1.

2. Keeping Load switch S2 open, close the supply switch S1.

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 24

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

3. Close the load switch S2. Apply the lamp load in steps till the rated current of the
transformer.
4. At each load note down the voltmeter, ammeter and wattmeter readings.
5. Open the load switches one by one, load switch S2 & then the supply switch S1.

Tabular Column:

E2 =_____________V (secondary no load voltage)

V1 V2 I1 I2 W1 W2
Voltmeter Voltmeter Ammeter Ammeter Wattmeter Wattmeter %
reading reading reading reading reading reading % Regulation
(volts) (volts) (amps) (amps) (watts) (watts)

Calculation:

%  = (W2 / W1) *100

E2 = No Load Secondary Voltage (volts)
V2 = Load Secondary Voltage (volts)
% Regulation = [(E2 –V2) / (V2)] ×100
Note: Ensure wattmeters shows zero error reading

RESULT:

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 25

 Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

Experiment No.7

Speed control of DC Shunt motor using Armature control and Field control methods

Aim: To control the speed of a given DC shunt motor by Armature Voltage method &
Flux Control method.

Name Plate Details of DC Shunt Motor

Circuit Diagram:

Figure 7.1: Circuit Diagram - Speed control of DC Shunt motor

Apparatus Required:

Sl.No. Equipment Range Quantity

1 Ammeter (0-2) A 1

2 Voltmeter (0-300) V 1

Procedure:

Armature Voltage method:

1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram shown in figure 7.1.
2. Keeping the motor field rheostat (360) in cut out position, motor armature rheostat (38) in
cut-in position, the supply switch S1 is closed.
3. Adjust the field rheostat (360) for a particular field current.

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 26

 Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

4. By varying the motor armature (38) rheostat in steps, the corresponding readings of the
armature voltage and the speed is noted down in the tabular column.
5. By cutting-in the motor field rheostat, set another field current and step 4 is repeated.
6. The motor field rheostat is brought to cut out position and motor armature rheostat to cut in
position and the supply switch S1 is opened.

Flux control method:

1. Make the connections as per the circuit diagram shown in figure 7.1.
2. Keeping the motor field rheostat (360) in cut out position, motor armature rheostat (38) in
cut-in position, the supply switch S1 is closed.
3. Adjust the motor armature rheostat (38Ω) for a particular armature voltage
4. By varying the motor field (360) rheostat in steps, the corresponding readings of the field
current and the speed is noted down in the tabular column.
5. By cutting-out the motor armature rheostat, set another armature voltage and step 4 is repeated.
6. The motor field rheostat is brought to cut out position and motor armature rheostat to cut in
position and the supply switch S1 is opened.
Tabular column:

Armature voltage method Flux control method

(Up-to rated speed) (Above rated speed)

Sl.No. If (A) Va (V) N (rpm) Sl.No. Va (V) If (A) N (rpm)

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

5 5

6 6

7 7

1 1

2 2

3 3

4 4

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 27

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

5 5

6 6

7 7

Graphs:

If2

N (rpm)
N (rpm)

V2

If1 V1

If1 > If2 V2 > V1

V (V) If (A)
Va Vs N – Armature Voltage Control Method If Vs N – Flux Control Method

RESULT:

Question:
1. What are the limitations of Rheostatic method of speed control in DC Shunt Motor?
2. If the field circuit is accidentally open what happens?
3. With the increase in temperature, what happens to the speed of series and shunt motor ?
4. On what factors does the speed of a DC motor depend?

Applications: Lathe Machines, Centrifugal Pumps, Fans, Blowers, Conveyors, Lifts, Weaving
Machine, Spinning machines etc.

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 28

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

Experiment No.8
Performance characteristics of 1-phase IM
Aim: To Conduct load test on single phase induction motor (Mechanical loading) and obtain
the following performance characteristics.

a) Torque-Speed b) BHP-Efficiency c) BHP-Torque d) BHP -slip e) BHP - Power factor

Name Plate Details of single-phase IM

Circuit Diagram:

Figure: 8.1 Circuit diagram to find performance characteristics of 1-phase IM

Apparatus Required:

Sl.
Equipment Range Quantity
No
1 Ammeter MI (0-15) A 1
2 Voltmeter MI (0-300) V 1
3 Wattmeter 300V, 15A, UPF 1
Procedure:
1. Make the Connections as shown in figure 8.1.
2. Keeping the brake drum free, 1-phase auto transformer in minimum output position the
supply switch is closed.

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 29

 Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

3. Vary the Auto transformer & apply the rated voltage to the 1-phase induction motor and
no-load reading is noted down.
4. The induction motor current is increased by tightening the brake drum till the rated current.
At each current, all the meter readings are noted, including the speed of the induction motor.
5. The brake drum is made free and bring back the auto transformer to the minimum position
& open the supply switch.
(Note: Pour water in brake drum before conducting the experiment to avoid
overheating of the brake drum and to save the belt)

Tabular Column:

W Spring balance
V reading S1 ~ N
I Torque
(V)
(W) S2
(rpm) (kgm) BHP % Slip Pf
(A) S1 (Kg)
X2 S2(Kg)
(Kg)

Calculations: Graph:
Radius of the brake drum: ________
%
Torque = (S1~ S2 ) r Kgm, % Slip

where r is the radius of the brake drum

BHP = 2πNT Power factor
%

% Slip
Power factor
Torque

4500
N
Output in watts = BHP * 735.5 watts Torque

%η = Output in watts
Input in watts (wattmeter reading) N

Pf = W
VI BHP

%slip = NS –N × 100
NS

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 30

Basic Electrical Engineering Lab (21BEE114)

RESULT:

Questions:
1. Are single phase induction motor self-starting?
2. What is the importance of Auxiliary winding and main winding?

Application: Electric Fans, Air condition/heating systems, manufacturing plants, pumps in

sewage and irrigation, washing machine (Capacitor start induction motors) etc.

Dept of EEE/BNMIT Page 31