5.

5 Techniques for Finding Derivatives

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 ,

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5.4 Derivatives of Products and Quotients

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In words: The derivative of the product of two functions is the
first function times the derivative of the second function plus
the second function times the derivative of the first function.

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Example: Find the derivative of y x 3 x2 5x .

Solution: Let u x x 3 x1 2 3 and v x x 2 5x. Then

y u x v x v x u x

1
x1 2 3 2 x 5 x2 5x x 12

2
1 32 5 12
2 x 3 2 5 x1 2 6 x 15 x x
2 2
5 32 15 1 2
x 6x x 15.
2 2

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 Example

Find the derivative of y = 5x2(x3 + 2).

Solution:
f ´(x) = u(x) v´(x) + v(x) u´(x)
= 5x2 3x2 + 10x x3 + 2)
= 15x4 + 10x4 + 20x = 25x4 + 20x.

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 Example

Find the derivative of y = 3x / (2x + 5).

Solution:

D (x) N (x) N (x) D (x)

f (x)
[D(x)] 2
(2x 5) 3 3x 2 15
(2x 5)2 (2x 5)2

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 Tangent Lines

Let f (x) = (2x 9)(x2 + 6). Find the equation of the tangent
line to the graph of f (x) at x = 3.
Solution: First, find f ´(x):
f ´(x) = (2x 9) (2x) + (2) (x2 + 6)
Then find f (3) and f ´(3):
f (3) = 45 f ´(3) = 12
The tangent has slope 12 and goes through the point (3, 45).
Using the point-slope form y y1 = m(x x1), we get
y ( 45) = 12(x 3) or y = 12x 81
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5.5 The Chain Rule

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Example: Use the chain rule to find Dx 15 x 2 1.

Solution: Write 15 x 2 1 as 15 x 2 1
12
. Let f ( x) u1 2 and u g ( x) 15 x 2 1.
Then 15 x 2 1 f g x and
12
Dx 15 x 2 1 f g x g x .
1 12
12
Here, f x u , with f g x , and g x 30 x so that
2
1 12
Dx 15 x 2 1 g x g x
2
1 12
15 x 2 1 30 x
2
15 x
12
15 x 2 1

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Generalized Derivative Rules

d n n 1
f x n f x f (x)
dx

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 Example

Let u(x) = 2x2 and f (x) = [u(x)]3 = 8x6. Which of the

following is f ´(x)?
(a) 3[u(x)]2 (b) 3[u´(x)]2 (c) 3[u(x)]2 u´(x)
We know that f ´(x) = 48x5.
(a) 3[u(x)]2 = 3(2x2)2 = 3(4x4) = 12 x4. This is not correct.
(b) 3[u´(x)]2 = 3(4x)2 = 3(16x2) = 48x2. This is not correct.
(c) 3[u(x)]2 u´(x) = 3[2x2]2(4x) = 3(4x4)(4x) = 48x5. This is
the correct choice.

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 Examples for the Power Rule

du
The terms of the Chain rule are marked by squares:
dx d n du
u nu n 1
dx dx
y x 5 , y 5x 4
y (2x)5 , y 5(2x)4 (2) 160x 4
y (2x 3 )5 , y 5(2x 3 )4 (6x 2 ) 480x14
y (2x 1)5 , y 5(2x 1)4 (2) 10(2x 1)4
y (e x )5 , y 5(e x )4 (e x ) 5e5x
y (ln x)5 , y 5(ln x)4 (1 / x)
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