2.

1 Cell Structure & Organisation

• Describe and compare the structure of a plant cell with an animal cell, as seen under a light microscope,
limited to cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, vacuoles and location of the cell membrane
• State the functions of the structures seen under the light microscope in the plant cell and in the animal
cell

Animal and plant cell as seen under an electron microscope.

Function of:
Nucleus: __________________________________________________________________________
Cytoplasm: __________________________________________________________________________
Cell membrane: _____________________________________________________________________
Cellulose cell wall (plants): _______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Chloroplast (plants): _____________________________________________________________________
Vacuoles (plants): _____________________________________________________________________
 1. State that the cytoplasm of all cells contains structures (organelles), limited to ribosomes on rough
endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles
2. State that almost all cells, except prokaryotes, have mitochondria and rough endoplasmic
reticulum
3. Identify mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum in diagrams and images of cells
4. State that aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria  to produce energy
5. State that cells with high rates of metabolism require large numbers of mitochondria to provide
sufficient energy

Mitochondria: where ____________________ occurs to produce

_____________ (anaerobic respiration occur in the ___________)
Cells with high rate of metabolism contains lots of mitochondria
for example: _________________________________________.

Ribosomes: ____________________________ (some attach to RER)

Rough endoplasmic reticulum: ____________ synthesised proteins and transport them to
golgi apparatus to be packaged

Secretory Vesicles: contains _____________ such as hormones or enzymes (more common in animal cells)
Lysosome: contains ____________________ – to digest excess/dying ________________, food particles
and breakdown ________________________.
Stored food: glucose converted to____________ in plants & __________________ in animals

SPECIALISED CELLS – functions & adaptations

 Level of Organisation
Tissue: A
________________________________________________________________________________
Organ: A ____________ made up of a group of ________, working together to perform a _______________
Organ system: a group of ___________ with related functions working together to perform _____________
List the organs related to the following organ systems: respiratory system, circulatory system, nervous
system, digestive system,
excretory system,

reproductive system,
endocrine system
(hormones - glands)

2.1 Cell Structure & Organisation

• Describe and compare the structure of a plant cell with an animal cell, as seen under a light microscope,
limited to cell wall, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, vacuoles and location of the cell membrane
• State the functions of the structures seen under the light microscope in the plant cell and in the animal
cell

Animal and plant cell as seen under an electron microscope.

Function of:
Nucleus: contains the genetic material (DNA-genes on the chromosomes) & control activities of cells
Cytoplasm: Jelly-like matrix where chemical reactions happens, containing organelles (small organs)
Cell membrane: controls entry and exit of dissolved substances and separate cell contents fr surroundings
Cellulose Cell wall (plants): provides structural support & protect against damage due to osmotic intake
Freely permeable to water and dissolved substances
Chloroplast (plants): contains chlorophyll pigment and enzymes for glucose production by photosynthesis
Vacuoles (plants): contains cell sap/ water necessary to provide turgor pressure
 6. State that the cytoplasm of all cells contains structures (organelles), limited to ribosomes on rough
endoplasmic reticulum and vesicles
7. State that almost all cells, except prokaryotes, have mitochondria and rough endoplasmic
reticulum
8. Identify mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum in diagrams and images of cells
9. State that aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria  to produce energy
10. State that cells with high rates of metabolism require large numbers of mitochondria to provide
sufficient energy

Mitochondria: where aerobic respiration occurs to produce

energy (anaerobic respiration occur in the cytoplasm)
Cells with high rate of metabolism contains lots of mitochondria
for example: Liver cells, muscle cells, sperm cells.

Ribosomes: makes enzymes and proteins (some attach to RER)

Rough endoplasmic reticulum: modify synthesised proteins and
transport them to golgi apparatus to be packaged

Secretory Vesicles: contains cell products such as hormones or enzymes (more common in animal cells)
Lysosome: contains digestive enzymes – to digest excess/dying organelles, food particles and breakdown
bacteria or viruses
Stored food: glucose converted to starch in plants & glycogen in animals

SPECIALISED CELLS – functions & adaptations

Level of Organisation
Tissue: A group of cells with similar structure, working together to perform a shared function
Organ: A structure made up of a group of tissues, working together to perform a specific function
Organ system: a group of organs with related functions working together to perform body function
List the organs related to the following organ systems: respiratory system, circulatory system, nervous
system, digestive system, excretory system, reproductive system, endocrine system (hormones - glands)

YOUTUBE LINKS: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=URUJD5NEXC8