MODULE 2

ETHICS AND
CULTURE

Prepared by:

Aliza A. Villanueva
Culture

– refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge,

experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings,
hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial
relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects
and possessions acquired by a group of people in the
course f generations through individual and group
striving.
Cultural Relativism

– is a view that good and bad are relative to

culture.
– Different cultures have different moral codes.
Cultural relativist’s claims:

1. Different societies have different moral codes.

2. The moral code of a society determines what is right within that society; that is, if the
moral code of a society says that a certain action is right, atleast within that society.
3. There is no objective standard that can be used to judge one society’s code as better
than another’s. There are no moral truths that hold for all people at all times.
4. The moral code of our own society has no special status; it is but one among many.
5. It is arrogant for us to judge other cultures. We should always be tolerant of them.
Core concepts in:
Filipino American Itaian
✔ Hospitality ✔ Idealistic ✔ Confidence
✔ Hiya ✔ Liberated ✔ Cmpanilismo
✔ Modesty ✔ Self-Government ✔ Elegance
✔ Courtesy ✔ Equality ✔ Politeness
✔ Warmth ✔ Individualism ✔ Boldness
✔ Respect ✔ Material Comfort ✔ Flexibility
✔ Kapwa ✔ Practicality ✔ Formality
FILIPINO CULTURE:
Strengths and Weaknesses
Pakikisama – is having and maintaining “good public relations”.

Strengths:
– Avoid clash with other people.
– Keeping good feelings in all personal interactions.

Weaknesses:
– Filipinos may submit to group opinion and overgenerous praise for one another
Rather than candid terms.
– Avoiding to say “no”
Hiya – is a feeling of lowliness, shame or embarrassment, and shyness.

Strength/s:
– Concern with how one appears in the eyes of others.
– Afraid to do bad things.

Weaknesses:
- Too much hiya lead to heaving inferiority complex and losing self- confidence.
Utang na loob – involves the concept of ‘reciprocity’ or returning
the favor.

Strength:
– Upholding group harmony
– Demand balancing of obligations and ebts.

Weakness:
– To avoid being dubbed as “walang utang na loob” some, sometimes, do things
that may be bad just to return a received favor.
Filipino hospitality - innate trait of Filipinos to be
courteous and entertaining their guests.

Strength:
– Filipinos are known to be warm, welcoming, and accommodating.

Weakness:
– Prone to being abused or maltreated.
Generational Values
• Disciplined
• Value- oriented and loyal
Silent
Generation • Interested in direct communication

• Committed
• Self-sufficient
Baby Boomers • Competitive

• Resourceful
• Logical
Generation X • Good problem-solvers
 • Confident
• Curious
Millenials
(Generation Y) • Questioning authority

• Ambitious
• Digital-natives
Generation Z • Confident
-END OF MODULE II-