WEEK 7: PHILIPPINE CULTURE AND SOCIETY: THE FILIPINO VALUES

Filipino Values
- "Filipino value system" or "Filipino values" refers to a collection of values or a value
system that most Filipinos have historically considered being significant in their lives.
- This Philippine value system is comprised of a distinct collection of coherent ideas,
moral norms, ethical practices, etiquette, and cultural and personal values advocated by
their culture.
Filipino Values in a fourfold sense:
1.) Although mankind shares universal human values, it is obvious that certain values take
on for us a distinctively Filipino flavor.
2.) When we speak of Filipino values, we do not mean that elements of these Filipino values
are absent in the value systems of other peoples and cultures.
3.) universal human values in a Filipino context (historical, cultural, socio-economic,
political, moral and religious) take on a distinctive set of Filipino meanings and
motivations.
4.) The Filipino concept of justice has evolved from inequality to equality, and to human
dignity; from the tribe, to the family, and to the nation.

Positive Traits
● Hospitality ● Generosity and Helpfulness
● Respect and Courtesy ● Strong Work Ethic
● Strong Family Ties and Religions ● Love and Caring

Negative Traits
● “Bahala na” Attitude ● Crab Mentality
● Procrastination or “Mañana Habit “ ● Lack of self- discipline
● Filipino Time

Filipino Strengths
● Wholistic of Kabuuan Oriented ● Fatalistic
● Family Oriented or Makatahanan ● Peace Loving
● Tender and Loving (malambing) ● Fiesta Mentality
● Companion Oriented (mahilig sa ● Hospitable
kasama) ● Respectful
● People- Oriented ( Pakikipagkapwa ● Resilient ( matiyaga)
tao) ● Personal ( Makatao)
● Religiosity/ God-fearing (may takot ● Group Person
sa Diyos) ● Oriented to Beauty
● Community Oriented ● Nationalistic
(makasambayanan) ● Believes in and values the dignity of
● Regionalistic work
● Compassionate (maawain)
● Strong sense of Gratitude (utang na
loob)
Filipino Weakness
● Extreme personalism ● Colonial Mentality
● Extreme Family Centeredness ● Kanya Kanya Syndrome
● Lack of Discipline ● Lack of Self-Analysis and Self
● Passivity and lack of initiative Reflection

Generally, common Filipino Cultural Values are:

1. Irrationalism
- This refers to certain superstitious beliefs of Filipinos that are still practiced up
to now. People still believed in gods of nature and spirits and offered them foods
and placate the spirits to heal the illness and provide them a good harvest.
2. Social Belongingness
- Filipinos want to be accepted by the group or to the community.
3. Close family ties.
- Family is the most important thing in our life. We are totally dependent with our
family. We are doing things for the common good or for the benefits of the family
4. Sense of debt gratitude
- In Filipino, it is “utang na loob ”. We are obliged to do something in return for
what others do for us.
5. Emphasis on authority
- Father is the head of the family. Mayor is the head of the town and whatsoever.
6. Personal improvement
- Most Filipinos are aiming to raise their family in standard living. We believed that
we will obtain success only when we will finish our education
7. “Mano po”
- “Mano po" refers to a physical gesture of taking the hand of an elder and
bringing it towards your forehead.
8. "Kuya" or "Ate“
- Filipino culture is very big on respect. The older an individual is, the more they
call for respect.
9. The power of the eyebrows.
- In American culture, the eyebrows usually convey emotion via a variety of facial
expressions. In Filipino culture, raising your eyebrows can also communicate a
positive affirmation of "yes" when a yes/no question has been asked.
10. Ningas-kugon / ningas kugon
- quickly going up in flames, refers to the Filipino cultural trait of very
enthusiastically starting things, but then quickly losing enthusiasm soon after.

Categories of Filipino Values:

a. Core Value or Kapwa: (kapwa, means “togetherness”)
- is the core construct of Filipino Psychology.
Two categories of Kapwa:
1. Ibang tao (“outsider”)
● pakikitungo (civility)
● pakikisalamuha (act of mixing)
● Pakikilahok (act of joining)
● Pakikisama (being united with the group)
● Pakikibagay (conformity)
2. Hindi Ibang Tao (“one-of–us”)
● pakikipagpalagayang-loob (act of mutual trust)
● Pakikisangkot (act of joining others)
● Pakikipagkaisa being one with others

b. Pivotal Interpersonal Value

● Pakiramdam ( Shared inner perception). - Filipinos use damdam, or the inner
perception of others’ emotions, as a basic tool to guide his dealings with other
people.
c. Linking Socio-personal Value
● kagandahang-Loob ( Shared humanity). - This refers to being able to help
other people in dire need due to aperception of being together as a part of one
Filipino humanity.
d. Accommodative Surface values
● Hiya (Loosely translated as “Shame”) by Western psychologists, hiya is
actually a “Sense of Propriety” (sense of good conduct or behavior)
● Utang na Loob (norm of Reciprocity). Filipinos are expected by their neighbors
to return favors – whether these were asked for or not – when it is needed or
wanted.
● Pakikisama and Pakikipagkapwa (SIR- Smooth Interpersonal relationship). This
attitude is primarily guided by conformity with the majority
e. Confrontative Surface values
● Bahala Na - This attitude is loosely translated into English as “FATALISTIC
PASSIVENESS”. The term bahala na, which actually came from the phrase
“Bathala Na” which means “I will do my best, and let God take care of the rest”
● Lakas ng Loob - This attitude is characterized by being courageous in the midst
of problems and uncertainties.
● Pakikibaka (in English, it means CONCURRENT CLASHES). It refers to the
ability of the Filipino to undertake revolutions.
WEEK 8: PROMOTING VALUES EDUCATION AMONG YOUNG ADULTS
Mahatma Gandhi
- “Always aim at complete harmony of thought, word and deed. Always aim at purifying
your thoughts and everything will be well.”

Teaching values education

Through values education, the school hopes to develop young people who are:
● Committed to the national values of democracy, justice, equity, freedom, peace,
independence, security among many others
● Able to relate and communicate across cultural barriers
● Willing to work for the common good
● Responsible citizenship both as local and global citizens

“Values Education is an area that needs to be highlighted as it holds the key to real and
meaningful education”. It engages students in addressing real world challenges, issues
important to humanity, and questions that affect them as individuals.

● A greater emphasis in understanding values has added meaning to education and life as
a whole. Values may be seen as the guide for an individual as he course through his
journey throughout his whole life.
● The part schools play in the teaching of values and the part values play in the
organizations of schools are closely connected. The values of schools are evident in
their organization, curriculum and discipline procedures, as well as in the relationships
between teachers and students
● Values are reflected in what teachers choose to permit or encourage inside and outside
the classroom. Students learn values on how teachers respond to students’
contributions to learning.
● “As simple as seating arrangements in a classroom convey certain values. When
teachers insist on precision and accuracy in student’s work, or praise their use of
imagination, or censure racist or sexist language, or encourage them to show initiative,
or respond with interest, patience or frustration to their ideas, children are being
introduced to values and value-laden issues” (cf. Jackson, Boostrom and Hansen,
1993).
● A Value-based education has an essential part to play in the holistic development of
the individual and the path towards a better world for everyone.
● For the youth to become exemplary citizens, practical learning is not enough. They
should also learn “lessons that are fundamental to living in harmony and social progress
such as respect, empathy, equality, solidarity and critical thinking. Without these and
other ethical principles that define us as human beings, it will be difficult for us to build a
better world.
THE AIMS OF VALUES EDUCATION
This concept is about the educational process that instils moral standards to create more civil
and democratic societies.

Values education therefore promotes tolerance and understanding above and beyond our
political, cultural and religious differences, putting special emphasis on the defense of
human rights, the protection of ethnic minorities and the most vulnerable groups, and the
conservation of the environment.

Characteristics of Values Education

1. Collective Identity
- Promotes respect and understanding for diversity beyond, for example, cultural,
religious and ethnic differences.
2. Critical Thinking
- Stimulates creative and systematic analysis to identify different perspectives
and angles to problems
3. Cooperation
- Promotes collaboration to find global solutions to problems and defend the
collective good.
4. Global Vision
- Deepens knowledge of world problems, and of values such as justice, equality
and dignity.
5. Social Skills
- Encourages empathy, communication skills, teamwork and interaction with
different people.

TRADITIONAL EDUCATION vs. VALUES EDUCATION

● Both traditional education and values education are essential for the personal
development of a person. Values help us to define our objectives in life.
● But whilst the former teaches us about social, scientific and humanistic knowledge, the
latter trains us to be good citizens.
● As opposed to traditional education, in values education there is no distinction between
what happens inside and outside the classroom.

PRINCIPAL EDUCATIONAL VALUES

Values education covers various topics related to citizenship and ethics, including:
Empathy
- By putting ourselves in other people's shoes both cognitively and emotionally, we
improve our ability to resolve conflicts and understand others' opinions.
Equal opportunities
- The principle that we are all equal is one of the pillars of democracy, and moreover it
fosters social inclusion and community life.
Respect for the environment
- Values education makes us aware of the consequences of our actions on the planet and
instills in us a respect for nature.
Care for health
- We need to minimize health risks by encouraging the right attitudes and tackling health
education from a dynamic, personal, and collective point of view.
Critical thinking
- This way of thinking makes us more analytical and observant, teaches us to recognize
quality information and helps us to solve problems.

The most common strategies in values education include the following:

● The rejection of discrimination, enlivening debate on moral matters and promoting
collaborative leadership.
● Denouncing harmful attitudes for society as a whole without stigmatizing individuals.
● Stressing the idea that we can all change and that we deserve a second chance.

WEEK 9: VALUES AND DEVELOPMENT OF LIFE SKILLS

Values and Development of Life skills: Integration of Values in various fields
BASIC LIFE SKILLS
Life Skills
- “the abilities for adaptive and positive behavior that enable individuals to deal
effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life" (WHO).
- “a behavior change or behavior development approach designed to address a balance of
three areas: knowledge, attitude and skills” (UNICEF).

The World Health Organization (WHO) categorizes life skills into the following three
components:
1. Critical thinking skills/Decision-making skills - include decision making/problem
solving skills and information gathering skills. The individual must also be skilled at
evaluating the future consequences of their present actions and the actions of others.
2. Interpersonal/Communication skills – include verbal and non-verbal communication,
active listening, and the ability to express feelings and give feedback.
3. Coping and self-management skills - refers to skills to increase the internal locus of
control, so that the individual believes that they can make a difference in the world and
affect change. Stress and time management are key, as are positive thinking and
relaxation techniques

What are the Core Life Skill Strategies and Techniques?

UNICEF, UNESCO and WHO list the ten core life skill strategies and techniques as:
1. Problem Solving
2. Critical thinking
3. Effective communication skills
4. Decision-making
5. Creative thinking
6. Interpersonal relationship skill
7. Self-awareness building skills
8. Empathy
9. Coping with stress
10. Emotions
 ● Self-awareness, self-esteem, and self-confidence are essential tools for
understanding one’s strengths and weaknesses.
● Consequently, the individual is able to discern available opportunities and prepare to
face possible threats. This leads to the development of a social awareness of the
concerns of one’s family and society. Subsequently, it is possible to identify problems
that arise within both the family and society.
● With life skills, one is able to explore alternatives, weigh pros and cons, and make
rational decisions in solving each problem or issue as it arises. It also entails being able
to establish productive interpersonal relationships with others.
● Life skills enable effective communication, for example, being able to differentiate
between hearing and listening and ensuring that messages are transmitted accurately
to avoid miscommunication and misinterpretations.

UNICEF promotes the understanding that the life skills approach can be successful if the
following are undertaken together:
a) The Skills - This involves a group of psychosocial and interpersonal skills which are
interlinked with each other.
b) Content - To effectively influence behavior, skills must be utilized in a particular content
area. “What are we making decisions about?" Learning about decision-making will be
more meaningful if the content is relevant and remains constant.
c) Methods - Skills-based education cannot occur when there is no interaction among
participants. It relies on groups of people to be effective.

According to UNICEF, Life Skills are a behavior change or behavior development approach
designed to address balance of three areas:
1. Knowledge 2. Attitude 3. Skills

Life skill has been classified into three broad categories:

1. Thinking skills: Thinking skills are the skills that enhance the logical faculty of the brain
using an analytical ability, thinking creatively and critically, and developing
problem-solving skills and improving decision-making abilities.
2. Social skills: Social skills include interpersonal skills, communication skills, leadership
skills, management skills, advocacy skills, cooperation and team building skills, etc.
3. Emotional skills: Emotional skills, involving, knowing and being comfortable with
oneself. Thus, self– management, including managing/coping with feelings, emotions,
stress and resisting peer and family pressure.

IMPARTING LIFE SKILLS EDUCATION IN CLASSROOM

The significance of life skills education and in the following section researchers have tried to
attempt, how with the help of simple activities it can be implemented in classroom settings
● Classroom Discussions ● Educational Games and Simulations
● Brainstorming ● Analysis of Situation and Case
● Role Plays Studies
● Groups ● Storytelling
● Debate
LIFE SKILLS FOR CAREER SUCCESS
What are the basic life skills you need in the workplace?
There are several life skills you will need both in and out of the workplace, including:
● Communication - ability to communicate effectively is critical in all areas of life
● Resilience/Resiliency - learning to cope with failure and developing resiliency are
essential for success.
● Decision-making - knowing how to analyze situations, weigh different options and
make the best possible decisions based on the information they have
● Cooperation - Improving cooperation skills may require you to strengthen your conflict
management skills, communication and leadership skills, empathy and/or teamwork.
● Ability to accept constructive criticism
● Time-management - essential for staying self disciplined and meeting goals and
deadlines
● Technology - being comfortable with the use of equipment and software that is
standard in the workplace.

WEEK 10-11: CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND WORK VALUES

WORK VALUES AND CAREER CHOICES
“Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do
what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do.” -
Steve Jobs

Work values can strongly influence an individual. When values like honesty, hard work, and
discipline are practiced by an employee, he is more likely to make an effort to exhibit those
traits in the workplace. This may result in him being a more efficient employee and showing a
more positive role model to others than an employee with opposite values.

However, conflict may arise, if an employee realizes that his co-workers do not share his values.
● Work values are the subset of one’s beliefs and ideas that are related to their job.
● These core principles are an important part of who you are.
● They include things like honesty, service, self-respect, respect for others, peace, and
success. Therefore, one must identify what work values they cherish most before
deciding to they make career choices or deciding to to accept a job offer

INTRINSIC VS. EXTRINSIC WORK VALUES

Intrinsic Values
- are those which are inherently rewarding; such as creativity, social justice, and
connection with nature. doesn’t have to do with the actual tasks involved in practicing a
particular occupation or doing a job. They include helping others, doing challenging
work, and being an exemplary leader.
Extrinsic Values
- are centered on external approval or rewards; for instance wealth, social status,
self-image, and personal security.
- are qualities as seen as external rewards for the work that has been accomplished.
Personal work can still have extrinsic value whether or not you find your work personally
meaningful
 - are concerned with the by-products of an occupation or job. In other words, they refer to
what you get out of your work, rather than what you put into it. Examples of extrinsic
values include high earnings, recognition, and job security

Intrinsic Values
● Interesting work ● Making important contributions
● Challenging work ● Responsibility and autonomy
● Learning new things ● Being creative
Extrinsic Values
● High pay ● Status in wider community
● Job security ● Social contacts
● Job benefits ● Time with family
● Time for hobbies

Importance of Work Values

● Values are a key component of a healthy workplace culture because they clarify how
your organization, and its staff should behave. They provide the framework within
which you can test decisions, accomplish tasks, and interact with others.
● Values help organizations determine a range of acceptable behaviors, defining for
leaders and employees alike which actions are encouraged and which are unacceptable.
Values tell staff what is good for the organization and what is unhealthy.
● Employers like to see certain work values in employees and will not hire people who
don't show their actual true values at work. To help avoid these problems, career
values help people uncover their real values and use them to make better career
choices. This will include the use of a self-assessment tool called a work value inventory
/test. Taking a work values test can help you identify your career and work values.

EXAMPLES OF ITEMS THAT APPEAR ON A WORK VALUE INVENTORY

Examples and Definitions of Work Values
● Achievement: Doing work that yields results
● Independence: Working and making decisions on your own
● Recognition: Receiving attention for your work
● Relationships: Working alongside coworkers as well as helping others
● Support: Having supportive management
● Working Conditions: Being in an environment that you're comfortable with
● Autonomy: Receiving little or no supervision
● Helping Others: Providing assistance to individuals or groups
● Prestige: Having high standing
● Job Security: Enjoying a high probability that you will remain employed
● Collaboration: Working with others
● Helping Society: Contributing to the betterment of the world
● Compensation: Receiving adequate pay
● Utilizing Your Skills and Background: Using your education and work experience to do
your job
● Leadership: Supervising/managing others
 ● Creativity: Using your own ideas
● Variety: Doing different activities
● Challenge: Performing tasks that are difficult or new to you
● Leisure: Having adequate time away from work
● Recognition: Receiving credit for achievements
● Artistic Expression: Expressing one's artistic talents
● Influence: Having the ability to affect people's opinions and ideas

OTHER WORK VALUES TEST

● Donald Super's Work Values Inventory (WVI) – Donald Super
● The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) - based on the theory of psychological by Carl
Jung by Isabel Briggs Myers
● BIG FIVE INVENTORY (BFI) by Lewis Goldenberg

CORE WORK VALUES

● The core values of a workplace vary from organization to organization. One employer,
for example, might value honesty above everything else and conduct their business
accordingly. Another might consider efficiency or productivity as the pinnacle of their
business’ hierarchy of values.
● Core work values are those principles that matter most to you and that you’ll ultimately
use as a guide to all of your future professional decisions and actions.

EXAMPLES OF CORE WORK VALUES

● Honesty and integrity: Abstaining from lies, falsehoods, and cheating.
● Philanthropy: Aimed at helping others and making a positive difference in the lives of
those who are less fortunate.
● Financial success: Striving to obtain large quantities of money and material wealth.
● Work/life balance: Prioritizing a healthy and happy medium between one's professional
and personal lives.
● Creativity: An ambition to create more original and innovative material at Work.
● Environmental sustainability: Aiming to reduce one's impact on the environment and
to increase public awareness of environmental issues.
● Fame: Endeavoring to become a celebrity or (at least) a well-known public figure.
● Health and wellness: Prioritizing the maintenance of one's physical, psychological, and
emotional wellbeing.
● Independence: Striving to achieve greater degrees of autonomy and creative freedom
in the workplace.
● Responsibility: Placing a high moral value on the importance of completing one's work
duties, to the best of one's abilities, every single day.
● Ambition: Aiming to excel at the very top of one's field.
● Leadership: A desire to be a mentor to others, motivate them, help them grow, and
achieve greater levels of success.
WORK ETHICS
● Work ethic is a belief that work and diligence have a moral benefit and an inherent
ability, virtue or value to strengthen character and individual abilities. It is a set of values
 centered on the importance of work and manifested by determination or desire to work
hard.
● Work ethics are the moral guidelines that an organization as a whole, and the individuals
who comprise it, follow to comply with state and federal laws.
● Work ethics also are the basis of cohesive, supportive company culture and an
important way for a company to build a strong relationship with its customers.

EXAMPLES OF WORK ETHICS

In most cases, workplace ethics are derived from secular values like:
● trustworthiness ● loyalty
● integrity ● comradery
● fairness ● citizenship
● responsibility ● respect
● accountability ● caring

IN MANY INDUSTRIES, WORKPLACE ETHICS ARE DERIVED FROM LAWS AND INDUSTRY
REGULATIONS.
- Employers are required to comply with the protections these laws offer to employees
can be used as a springboard to create workplace ethics, such as:
● anti-discrimination policies
● anti-harassment policies
● policies for interactions with clients
● safety policies

WHY WORK ETHICS IS IMPORTANT?

● They keep all members of an organization accountable for their actions.
● Maintaining a strong, ethical code creates a sense of security through boundaries for
employees. It also enables management to make decisions that benefit the company as
a whole while meeting consumer and employee needs.
● By creating boundaries for employees at all levels, workplace ethics help employees feel
valued.
● In a workplace with no ethical standards, an employee might feel like she cannot speak
to a supervisor about her sexual harassment experience, or as if she has no guidance on
how to manage interactions with a difficult customer.
● Just as in romantic and family relationships, ethics serve to create healthy relationships
between colleagues.
● Maintaining ethical standards helps companies maintain strong relationships with
consumers by setting precedents in their industries that command respect.