FACULTY OF ENGINEERING

Online Final Examination

Student ID (in Figures) :

Student ID (in Words) :

Course Code & Name : BEP2063/EP208 Mass Balance

Semester : May-Aug 2021
Instructor/Examiner/Lecturer : Dr. Chai Pui Vun
Duration : 3 hours

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
Five (5) questions set. Attempt ALL questions. (Total = 100 marks)
This question paper consists of 10 pages, excluding the cover page. Please answer ALL
questions. Please submit in PDF format in ONE (1) file only. Label the file with your
Student ID and name (e.g. 1001234567-Ali). Marks deduction of 1 % from 100 % will be
imposed for improper labeling and format. Marks deduction of 1 % from 100 % for every
1 min will be imposed for late submission. Grace period of 30 min will be provided. If you
unable to submit to google form, please submit to (chaipv@ucsiuniversity.edu.my). Do
take note that, it is the responsibility of students to check whether they had included all
files before submission. Lecturer have every right to check similarity on your answer
scripts. If there are any suspicious answers, it will be subjected to University Disciplinary
Action.

Warning:
The University Examination Board of UCSI University regards cheating as a most serious
offence and will not hesitate to mete out the appropriate punitive actions according to the
severity of the offence committed, and in accordance with the clauses stipulated in the
Students’ Handbook, up to and including expulsion from UCSI University.
May-Aug 2021 Online Final Examination BEP2063/EP208 Mass Transfer

(Note: Answer convert to 4 decimal places where applicable)

Q1 (a) A solute of copper sulphate CuSO4 (MW=160) is diffusing through a thin film of water
(MW=18) of 0.0305 mm thick at 20oC. At the inner side of the film, the concentration
of CuSO4 is 0.0229 mole fraction CuSO4 (SG for the solution = 1.193) while the other
surface of the film is pure water. The diffusivity of CuSO4 in water is 7.29 × 10-10 m2/s.

(i) Compute the value of log mean value for inert B mole fraction, xBM.
(8 marks)

(ii) Compute the flux of CuSO4 in kg mol/s.m2 and lbmole/hr.ft2.

(4 marks)

(b) Ammonia diffuses through nitrogen gas under equimolar counter diffusion at total
pressure of 1.013 × 105 Pa and at temperature of 298 K. The diffusion path is 0.15 m.
The partial pressure of ammonia at one point is 1.5 × 104 Pa and at the other end point
is 5 × 103 Pa. The diffusivity of ammonia-gas mixture is given by 2.3 × 10-5 m2/s.

(i) Compute the flux of ammonia.

(2 marks)

(ii) Sketch the relationship between total pressure and partial pressure versus
distance.
(6 marks)

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May-Aug 2021 Online Final Examination BEP2063/EP208 Mass Transfer

Q2 It is planned to cool water for reuse purpose by contacting with air in an induced-draft
cooling tower. The design conditions are as follows. Entering air temperature at 95oF,
water to be cooled from 110oF to 85oF, humidity (Value of humidity can found in
Appendix A), water inlet flow rate of 1500 lbm/h.ft2 and air flowrate is 1000 lbm/h.ft2.
Heat capacity of water is assumed constant at 4.187 x 103 J/kg.K. (Note: Convert to SI
unit, 2 decimal places and write all the conversion properly for Question 2)

(a) By using the enthalpy-temperature diagram in Figure Q2, compute the enthalpy
at 85oF.
(15 marks)

(b) Show the operating line in the enthalpy-temperature diagram in Figure Q2.
(1 mark)

(c) Compute the minimum air rate that can be used.

(4 marks)

220
210
200
190
180
170
160
Enthalpy, Hy (kJ/kg)

150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
Liquid Temperature, TL (oC)

Figure Q2 Enthalpy-Temperature Diagram

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May-Aug 2021 Online Final Examination BEP2063/EP208 Mass Transfer

Q3 It is desired to absorb 95% of acetone from feed mixture of acetone and air containing
2 mole % of acetone using a liquid flowrate of 20% more than minimum. The given
gas flow rate is 450 kg/hr at 25oC and 1 atm operating condition, molecular weight of
acetone and air is 58 g/mol and 29 g/mol respectively. The equilibrium relation is given
by y = 2.5x.

(a) Compute the gas mole fraction (yA1) of acetone at the exit stream.
(8 marks)

(b) Compute the liquid mole fraction (xAN) of acetone at the exit stream. (Note:
please use graphical method to show your xAN(max))
(12 marks)

Q4 A liquid mixture of benzene-toluene system is to be fractionated in a distillation tower

at 101.3 kPa pressure. The equilibrium data for benzene are given in Table Q4. The
feed of 140 kg mol/h which contains 40 mol % benzene and 60 mol % toluene and
enters at boiling point. A distillate containing 95 mol % of benzene and a bottom
containing 5 mol % benzene is obtained. The reflux ratio is 3:1.

(a) Compute the flow rate of distillate (kg mol/h) and bottom (kg mol/h).
(5 marks)

(b) Compute the feed tray number and the number of theoretical trays needed.
(15 marks)

Table Q4 Equilibrium data for benzene

𝑥𝐵 =liquid mole fraction 𝑦𝐵 =vapor mole fraction
for benzene for benzene
1.000 1.000
0.780 0.900
0.581 0.777
0.411 0.632
0.258 0.456
0.130 0.261
0 0

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May-Aug 2021 Online Final Examination BEP2063/EP208 Mass Transfer

Q5 An aqueous feed solution of F kg/h (value can be obtained from Appendix A) of acetic
acid-water solution contains 25.0 wt % acetic acid and the remaining of water is to be
extracted in a countercurrent multistage process with pure isopropyl ether. The raffinate
should contain only 7.5 wt % acetic acid. It is given that, the ratio of the aqueous feed
solution to solvent 1.5 kg aqueous solution/kg solvent. By using the ternary diagram of
acetic acid-water-isopropyl ether system shown provided in Appendix E, compute the
mass flowrate and mass composition for each stream. (Note: Show all the relevant
lines and points clearly in the ternary diagram)
(20 marks)

END OF EXAMINATION QUESTIONS

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May-Aug 2021 Online Final Examination BEP2063/EP208 Mass Transfer

LIST OF APPENDICES

A. Value of H1 and F for each student

N Student ID Humidity, H1 Value, F

Q2 Q5
1 1001646005 0.012 100
2 1001849308 0.012 150
3 1001851861 0.012 200
4 1001953556 0.018 250
5 1001955851 0.018 300
6 1001849755 0.012 350
7 1001850715 0.012 400
8 1001852095 0.012 450
9 1001852510 0.018 500
10 1001852643 0.018 550
11 1001953668 0.018 600
12 1001953682 0.012 650
13 1001953808 0.012 700
14 1001953880 0.012 750
15 1001954527 0.018 800
16 1001954792 0.018 850
17 1001954945 0.018 900
18 1001955556 0.012 950
19 1001956618 0.012 1000
20 1001956734 0.012 1050
21 1001956943 0.018 1100
22 1001956977 0.018 1150
23 1001957026 0.018 1200
24 1001957190 0.012 1250
25 1001957287 0.012 1300
26 1002057448 0.012 1350
27 1002057608 0.018 1400
28 1002057904 0.018 1450
29 1002058017 0.018 1500
30 1002058062 0.012 1550
31 1002058440 0.012 1600

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May-Aug 2021 Online Final Examination BEP2063/EP208 Mass Transfer

B. FACTORS FOR UNIT CONVERSIONS

Factors of unit conversion for temperature

T(K) = T(oC) + 273.15

T(oR) = T(oF) + 459.67
T(oR) = 1.8T(K)
T(oF) = 1.8T(oC) + 32
1.8𝑜 𝐹 1.8𝑜 𝑅 1𝑜 𝐹 1𝑜 𝐶
, , ,
1𝑜 𝐶 1 𝐾 1𝑜 𝑅 1𝐾

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May-Aug 2021 Online Final Examination BEP2063/EP208 Mass Transfer

C. FACTORS FOR UNIT CONVERSIONS

Gas Law Constant, R

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May-Aug 2021 Online Final Examination BEP2063/EP208 Mass Transfer

D. IMPORTANT FORMULA

𝐷𝐴𝐵 (𝑝𝐴1 − 𝑝𝐴2 ) 𝐷𝐴𝐵 (𝑐𝐴1 − 𝑐𝐴2 )

𝐽𝐴∗ = ∗
𝐽𝐴𝑍 =
𝑅𝑇(𝑧2 − 𝑧1 ) 𝑧2 − 𝑧1

𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑃 (𝑥𝐵2 − 𝑥𝐵1 )

𝑁𝐴 = (𝒫 − 𝒫𝐴2 ) 𝑥𝐵𝑀 =
𝑅𝑇(𝑧2 − 𝑧1 )𝒫𝐵𝑀 𝐴1 ln (𝑥𝐵2 ⁄𝑥𝐵1 )

(𝒫𝐵2 − 𝒫𝐵1 ) 𝒫𝐴1 − 𝒫𝐴2

𝒫𝐵𝑀 = =
ln (𝒫𝐵2 ⁄𝒫𝐵1 ) 𝑙𝑛[(𝑃 − 𝒫𝐴2 )⁄(𝑃 − 𝒫𝐴1 )]

1⁄2
1.00x10−7 𝑇 1.75 (1⁄𝑀 + 1⁄𝑀 )
𝐴 𝐵
𝐷𝐴𝐵 = 1⁄3 1⁄3 2
𝑃[(∑𝑣𝐴 ) + (∑𝑣 𝐵 ) ]

𝐷𝐴𝑃 𝑐𝑎𝑣 (𝑥𝐴1 − 𝑥𝐴2 ) 𝜌1 ⁄𝑀1 + 𝜌2 ⁄𝑀2

𝑁𝐴 = 𝑐𝑎𝑣 =
𝑧2 − 𝑧1 2

𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑐𝑎𝑣 𝑇
𝑁𝐴 = (𝑥 − 𝑥𝐴2 ) 𝐷𝐴𝐵 = 1.173 × 10−16 (𝜑𝑀𝐵 )1⁄2
(𝑧2 − 𝑧1 )𝑥𝐵𝑀 𝐴1 𝜇𝐵 𝑉𝐴0.6

9.40 × 10−15 𝑇 𝐷𝐴𝑃 = 𝐷𝐴𝐵 (1 − 1.81 × 10−3 𝑐𝑝 )

𝐷𝐴𝐵 =
𝜇(𝑀𝐴 )1/3

%𝑓𝑟𝑒𝑒 𝐴 % 𝑏𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝐴
𝐷𝐴𝑃 = [𝐷𝐴𝐵 (1 − 1.81 × 10−3 𝑐𝑝 ) ( ) + 𝐷𝑝 ( )]
100 100

2𝜋𝐿 𝑆𝑝𝐴 𝑘𝑔 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝐴

𝑁𝐴 = 𝐷𝐴𝐵 (𝑐𝐴1 − 𝑐𝐴2 ) 𝑐𝐴 =
ln(𝑟2 ⁄𝑟1 ) 22.414 𝑚3 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑

𝑃𝑀 = 𝐷𝐴𝐵 𝑆 𝑝𝐴1 − 𝑝𝐴2 1

𝑁𝐴 =
22.414 𝐿1 + 𝐿2 + ⋯ 𝐿𝑛
𝑃𝑀1 𝑃𝑀2 𝑃𝑀𝑛

𝜀𝐷𝐴𝑃 (𝑐𝐴1 − 𝑐𝐴2 )

𝑁𝐴 =
𝜏(𝑧2 − 𝑧1 )

Hy(𝐽/𝑘𝑔 𝑑𝑟𝑦 𝑎𝑖𝑟)= (1.005+1.88𝐻) ×103(𝑇℃−0)+2.501 × 106𝐻

𝐺(𝐻𝑦2 − 𝐻𝑦1 ) = 𝐿𝑐𝐿 (𝑇𝐿2 − 𝑇𝐿1 ) 𝐻𝑣 − 𝐻𝐹

𝑞=
𝐻𝑣 − 𝐻𝐿
𝑅 𝑥𝐷 𝑞 𝑥𝐹
𝑦= 𝑥+ 𝑦= 𝑥−
𝑅+1 𝑅+1 𝑞−1 𝑞−1

𝑥𝐴0 𝑦𝐴(𝑁+1) 𝑥𝐴𝑁 𝑦𝐴1

𝐿′ ( ) + 𝑉′ ( ) = 𝐿′ ( ) + 𝑉′ ( )
1 − 𝑥𝐴0 1 − 𝑦𝐴(𝑁+1) 1 − 𝑥𝐴𝑁 1 − 𝑦𝐴1

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May-Aug 2021 Online Final Examination BEP2063/EP208 Mass Transfer

E. Attachment for Printout If Applicable

220
210
200
190
180
170
160
Enthalpy, Hy (kJ/kg)

150
140
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46
Liquid Temperature, TL (oC)

Figure Q2 Enthalpy-Temperature Diagram

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May-Aug 2021 Online Final Examination BEP2063/EP208 Mass Transfer

Acetic Acid (wt%)

100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100
Isopropyl Ether (wt%) Water (wt%)

Figure Q5 Ternary diagram of acetic acid-water-isopropyl ether system

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