E-VIP RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT – 03

MODULE (Output): PIR Sensor Doorbell using Proteus and Arduino IDE

Bondoc, Syril Macey B.

Team Member
Research and Development - 03
Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila
BS in Electronics Engineering

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 MODULE 1:
PIR Sensor Doorbell

Objective
This module will discuss creating a PIR Sensor Doorbell with the use of an
Arduino. This module will also discuss the software: Proteus and Arduino IDE as these
are the software utilized in creating the simulation. The module will also discuss the
installation process as well as the interface of the software.

Overview
Proteus is a software that can simulate, design, and draw electronic circuits that
were created by Labcenter electronic. It is used to simulate or construct circuit designs
virtually. This means that the user can simulate the test circuits that the user would like to
test, with the vast amounts of both electrical and electronic components installed within
the software. The user can just about create different types of circuit designs and test all
of them.

Arduino IDE is an open-source program wherein the user can write their code to
be uploaded to the Arduino board. The program is just like the notepad wherein the user
can write their codes and test them later on. The codes written in the Arduino IDE are
called sketches, these sketches are written as text and can be exported as .hex wherein
these files can then be uploaded to the Arduino board. The program itself has its compiler
so that whenever the user saves the codes used, it immediately tells the user whether there
are errors within the code saved.

Key Features
Proteus has a lot of features that are very useful as engineering software for the
user. These features include vast components for circuit designs, the canvas that is user-
friendly and acts as the workspace, the interface that can easily be navigated by, and also
a PCB simulation so that the user can also try and test how to create the connections of
the circuit design. The vast components are by far the best features of the software,
wherein components like the expensive oscilloscope can easily be tested in the software.
The canvas also provides a very spacy workplace.

Arduino IDE is software used to program an Arduino board from an external

source and can then be exported into the Arduino board itself. The software is very user-

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friendly and is hard to get lost in its interface as it provides a simple interface that the user
can easily follow. The software also has a variety of built-in codes where the user can test
and them and edit the codes to the user’s liking. The compiler also shows errors that are
easy for the user to correct.

Download and installation

This section will explain where to download the software Proteus and Arduino
IDE, and how to install both the software.

1.1 Proteus Installation

Step 1:
Open any browser of choice and search for “proteus.”

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Step 2:
Enter the searched keyword and click on the link “https://www.labcenter.com.”

Step 3:
After clicking on the link, click on the “Circuit Simulation Software” button on the
webpage.

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Step 4:
After clicking on the button, if you have the money, you can buy the simulation so that
all its features are accessible, but if not, click on the Try For Free button.

Step 5:
After clicking the button, you can now download the demonstration version of the
software. The demonstration version does not have a time limit.

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Step 6:
After downloading the demo version, click on the downloaded program to start installing
it right away.

Step 7:
After clicking on the installation setup, follow the instructions given by the installer.

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Step 8:
Read the terms of agreement and click on the checkbox provided on the lower left, and
then click on next to start the installation properly.

Step 9:
Click on the typical installation type as this provides all of the basic features that the user
will need.

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Step 10:
Wait for the installation of the program to finish.

Step 11:
After the installation, you can now run the program Proteus.

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Step 12:
You can now open your Proteus Design Suite.

System Requirements
CPU: Any processor that has a 2 GHz speed or higher
Operating System: Windows 7
Memory: 3 GB RAM
File Size: 410 MB
Graphics Card: Any graphics card supporting OpenGL version 2.0 and/or Direct 3D
and multi-sampling (MSAA)

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1.2 Arduino IDE Installation

Step 1:
In the search bar of your computer, type in Microsoft Store and click on the first result.

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Step 2:
After clicking on the Microsoft Store result, type in Arduino IDE on the search bar of the
Microsoft store and click the search button.

Step 3:
After clicking on the search button, click on the first result that the store shows.

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Step 4:
After clicking on the first result, click on the Install button and wait for the software to
finish downloading.

Step 5:
After downloading the software, click on the Launch button to open your Arduino IDE
software.

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Step 6:
You can now open your Arduino IDE software.

System Requirements
CPU: Pentium 4
Operating System: Windows 10
Memory: 256 MB RAM
File Size: 600 MB

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User Interface

2.1 Proteus
Step 1: Open Proteus and click New Project.

Step 2: Click next.

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Step 3: Click next for the schematic design.

Step 4: Click next for the PBC layout.

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Step 5: Click next for the firmware.

Step 6: Click finish for the summary of the new project created.

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1
2
3

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Figure 1. Proteus New Project Interface

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 Name
1 Menu Bar
2 Quick Access Tool Bar
3 Overview Window
4 Tools
5 Canvas
6 Devices Selector
7 Run buttons
Table 1. Proteus User Interface Functions
Function
This is where the File, Edit, View, Tool, etc. options
are located. These options contain all the
commands needed by the user.
This is where the most commonly used commands
from the menu bar are placed. These commands
being New, Open, Save, etc. are already placed so
that the user does not always have to use the drop-
down menu bar to find these options.
This is where you see the overall view of your
circuit design.
This is where the commonly used components are
placed. These components being the Power Supply,
Ground, Voltmeter, Ammeter, etc. These are placed
here so that while creating a circuit design, it is
easier for the user to select the commonly used
components.
This is where the user creates and simulates the
circuit design.
This is where the selected components are placed,
there is also a P and L button. The P button is used
to pick the other components that will be used for
the circuit design, while the L button is used to edit
the values of the component selected.
This is where the buttons Run, Advance, Pause,
and Stop are located. These buttons are used for the
simulation of the circuit, like the on/off of the
circuit.
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2.2 Arduino IDE

1
2
3

Figure 2. Arduino IDE Interface

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 Name Function

1 Menu Bar
2 Quick Access Tool Bar
3 Sketch Tab
4 Sketch Pad
This is where the File, Edit, Sketch, Tool, etc.
options are located. These options contain all the
commands needed by the user.
This is where the most commonly used commands
from the menu bar are placed. These commands
being Verify, Upload, new, etc. are already placed
so the user has an easier time compiling the sketch.
This is where the sketches are placed. The drop-
down arrow also provides the user with the
different commands for sketches.
This is where the user creates the code for the
Arduino. This is the main location for which the
codes are tested.

5 Compiler This is where the codes are compiled. This area

also shows the errors found in the code and where
they are located in the code.
Table 2. Arduino IDE User Interface Functions

Short Quiz #1
MULTIPLE CHOICE

1) What is NOT an example of a button that can simulate the circuit design in Proteus?
a) Run b) Replay
c) Advance d) Pause

2) This is where you see the overall view of the circuit design in Proteus.
a) Canvas b) Overall View
c) Overview Window d) Overview Project

3) What do you call the code created in Arduino IDE?

a) Code b) Sketch
c) Export d) Hex File

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Components
This section of the module will explain and discuss in detail each component
used in the project.

3.1 Arduino UNO

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform that makes it simple to use by
using minimal hardware and software. Arduino boards can take different inputs such as
motion, light, sound, and or distance from a sensor, pressure from a button, and even
online registers like a Facebook comment or a tweet and turn them into outputs such as
turning on an LED, triggering a motor, or publishing anything online. The board will only
require a set of instructions from the user that will be imported into the microcontroller
so that the board knows what the user wants it to do.
The Arduino is simple and user-friendly, which is why it has been integrated into
a lot of projects and circuit designs. It is easy enough that even beginners can use it but
flexible enough so that even advanced users can integrate it into their designs. Teachers
sometimes use the Arduino to teach students to build low-cost circuit designs, whether it
is for robotics or just to be familiar with programming.
The Arduino UNO (R3) being the most standard board available, which is based
on the ATmega328P. This Arduino UNO board is the board with which most users are
familiar with and are using. This board has Analog Pins and Digital Pins that can be used
in circuit design. This board can be directly connected to a computer via a USB cable so
that it can be programmed with the use of an Arduino IDE.

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 AREF
GROUND
IOREF DIGITAL PIN (SCK)
DIGITAL PIN (MISO)
RESET
DIGITAL PWM (MOSI)
3.3 V
5V DIGITAL PWM (SS)
DIGITAL PWM
GROUND DIGITAL PIN
GROUND
VIN DIGITAL PIN
DIGITAL PWM
ANALOG PIN A0 DIGITAL PWM
ANALOG PIN A1 DIGITAL PIN
ANALOG PIN A2 DIGITAL PWM
ANALOG PIN A3 DIGITAL PIN
ANALOG PIN A4 DIGITAL PIN
ANALOG PIN A5 DIGITAL PIN

Figure 3. Arduino UNO (R3) Board

IOREF – A voltage level corresponding to the input/output of the board.

RESET – This pin is used to reset the microcontroller.
3.3 V – This pin of the board is used to supply 3.3 Volts.
5 V – This pin of the board is used to supply 5 Volts.
GROUND – This pin of the board is used to ground the Arduino.
VIN – This is the pin that is used to provide an input supply from an external power
source.
ANALOG PIN (A0 – A5) – These pins are the analog pins of the Arduino and have an
input range of 0 – 5 Volts.
AREF – This is the analog reference pin of the Arduino board, meaning it can provide
the reference voltage that comes from an external power supply.

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DIGITAL PINS 13-10 (SPI) – Digital pins 13 to 10 are known as the Serial Peripheral
Interface Pins. These pins are used to maintain SPI communication which uses the SPI
library.
DIGITAL PIN 13 (SCK) – Digital pin 13, aside from being a digital pin, can be used as
a Serial Clock.
DIGITAL PIN 12 (MISO) – This digital pin can also be used as a Master In Slave Out.
DIGITAL PWM 11 (MOSI) – This digital pin can also be used as a Mater Out Slave In.
DIGITAL PWM 10 (SS) – This digital pin can also be used as a Slave Select.
DIGITAL PIN – From pins 0 – 13 these pins are all used as digital pins, meaning they
can either be digital inputs or digital outputs depending on how they are used.
DIGITAL PWM – Pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11 are digital pins as well, yet these pins are
used to convert a digital signal into an analog signal that varies on the width of the Pulse.
DIGITAL PIN 1 (TX) – This digital pin is the transmitter pin of the Arduino that is used
for serial communication with other devices. Communication is possible as long as the
device also has the UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) protocol.
DIGITAL PIN 0 (RX) – This digital pin is the receive pin of the Arduino that is also
used for serial communication with other devices.

3.2 PIR Sensor

The sensor is a type of device that senses input from its surroundings and takes
that input and first converts it into data. That data can either be interpreted by humans or
machines, depending on what the sensor is used for. Most sensors nowadays are electronic
components, in which the data gathered is converted into electronic data which means it
is interpreted by machines. Despite most sensors being electronic nowadays, this doesn’t
mean that all of it is, some sensors are still relatively simple just like a glass thermometer,
and it shows visual data of the current temperature. Sensors input a variety of data, from
temperature, distance, detection of smoke, regulation of pressure, and a lot more
applications.
A type of sensor is the PIR sensor, also known as the Passive Infrared Sensor.
This type of sensor allows the user to sense motion within a certain range. It senses
anything that either moves in or out of a certain range of the PIR sensor. The PIR sensor
is just a small and easy-to-use type of sensor which makes it a common type of sensor
that is being used.

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 Figure 4. PIR Sensor
The PIR Sensor has two methods on how to detect or input data, it is actually
split into two slots. It is made up of a pyroelectric sensor this means that any motion will
be detected at a certain range of the sensor as long as the body generates heat. The PIR
sensor senses heat through infrared radiation, hence the name Infrared Sensor. This type
of sensor is also a passive sensor, meaning it does not require any energy to detect motion,
it detects energy that the body generates. The lens is also an integral part of the sensor
because the Fresnel Lens is the cover that focuses the infrared signals into the pyroelectric
sensor.

3.3 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)

The Liquid Crystal Display or more commonly known as the LCD is a flat panel
type of display in which it uses liquid crystals as its primary form of operation, hence the
name Liquid Crystal Display. These LCDs are widely used in today’s progression of
technology, they are commonly found in our phones, televisions, computer monitors, and
laptop screens.

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 Figure 5. LCD
The LCD consists of millions of pixels, in which the LCD’s quality is based on
the number of pixels present in it. A pixel itself is made up of three subpixels, which are
red, green, and blue colors. This is where the term RGB comes from, in which the pixels
change from either any of the subpixels inside of it. The LCD works by a backlight that
will hit these subpixels, which will then provide an output on the screen of the LCD. The
output shown on the screen of the LCD is dependent on the program code, it should also
be known that due to the small screen of the LCD, the characters it can show at a time are
limited to its size.

Short Quiz #2
MULTIPLE CHOICE

1) What type of infrared sensor is the PIR Sensor?

a) Programmable b) Portable
c) Passive d) Active

2) These pins are used to convert a digital signal into an analog signal that varies on the
width of the Pulse.
a) Analog pin b) Digital pin
c) Digital PWM d) UART pin

3) What is the lens called that is focusing the infrared signals into the pyroelectric
sensor?
a) Frenzel lens b) Fresnel lens
c) Frensel lens d) Fernel lens

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Project creation
This section of the module will show the step-by-step procedure on how to
create the circuit design as well as the code for the circuit. Each step will also be given a
description and explanation.

4.1 Materials Required

Name Quantity Description

Arduino 1 This is the Arduino

Uno R3 board that we are
going to use. This is
where the code will
be executed for the
doorbell to work.

PIR Sensor 1 This is the type of

sensor that we are
going to use to detect
motion.

LCD 1 This is the model of

(LM016L) LCD that were are
going to use. This is
where the text will be
displayed.

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 Sounder 1 This will be where the
tune will come from.

Logic Toggle 1 This is the component

that will toggle the
PIR Sensor from low
to high. Since in
proteus, the PIR
Sensor does not have
the cone for high or
low readings.
Table 3. Project Materials

4.2 PIR Sensor Doorbell

Doorbells have been a staple in almost all homes to signal the people that live
inside the house that they have visitors or at the very least there are people outside of their
house that want to see them. With automation, the guests don’t need to physically touch
the activation button for the doorbell. Instead, the guests just need to wave their hand in
front of the sensor which in turn will sound the tune inside the house. The guests will also
be given an indicator as to where to wave, hence the use of the LCD. This will also prove
to be useful in terms of a no-contact type of doorbell, with the pandemic and physical
touch can be a carrier of the virus.
With this idea, we can incorporate the use of the Arduino which will give
us the ability to read the input, which will come from the motion of the guests, and turn
it into an output which is both the LCD message and the tune that the sounder will give
off.

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 First, we’re going to open our Proteus and create a new project (shown in Figures
4 – 4.6), after that we are going to search for the components needed for the project. To
search for our components, we are going to press the P button in proteus to search for the
specific components.

Figure 6. Proteus Pick Device

Now we are going to enter the name of the components that we will need for our
project in the keywords search bar and click ok, this selected component will then be
under the devices selector. An example of this is searching for the Arduino UNO R3.
Repeat this until all required components are in the device’s selector.

Figure 6.1 Proteus Pick Device Arduino UNO R3

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 The picked components can now be placed inside the canvas which these
components will form the circuit of the project. After placing the components, we will
now connect the components to the Arduino board.

Figure 6.2 Picking the components and placing them on the Canvas
Now we are going to connect the components to the Arduino pins starting with
the LCD. Take note that the connections shown are not the only way to connect the pins,
the connection will always depend on the user, just remember the pins used when
coding the program.

Figure 6.3 Arduino and LCD connections

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 The connections to the Arduino again are dependent on the user, but the
connections of the LCD are determined like that because first, the D0-D7 connections are
the data pins of the LCD. Only D4-D7 pins are going to be used because we are only
going to use the 4-bit mode of the LCD, meaning pins D0-D3 can be used in another
application if the need arises. The VSS and R/W pins of the LCD are connected, which
will later be connected to the ground, this is due to these two pins namely R/W are not
required for this program as the R/W pin writes into the LCD if it is low and reads from
the LCD if it is high which is the opposite of the code that we will be using. The two pins
RS and EN are the Register Select and Enable Pins. These two pins are connected to the
Arduino because the EN will take the data from the data pins and the RS is where the
register of the LCD will stay that will become its memory.

After connecting the LCD to the Arduino, we can now connect the sounder and
PIR sensor to the Arduino and the logic toggle to the sensor that will act as the high and
low input of the PIR sensor, which is fairly easy in comparison to the LCD. Again, the
connection to the Arduino pins will always be dependent on the user, as long as the user
remembers the pins used when coding the program later.

Figure 6.4 Sounder and PIR Sensor connections

The reason why the output pin of the PIR sensor is connected to the Arduino is
that the input of the sensor will come from the motion of any person within its range. The
input will then be converted into output stating that there is motion in front of the sensor,
which will then act as the high input for our program later.

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 We can now connect the voltage source and ground for the LCD, PIR Sensor,
and the sounder. This is required so that the components will not only work, but the circuit
itself will be a closed circuit due to the grounds connected to the components.

Figure 6.5 Terminals Mode

In the tools section of Proteus, we will make use of the Terminals mode and the
different devices under it will appear in the Device Selector area as highlighted in Figure
6.5.

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 After setting up the circuit itself we can save the project itself first so we can
create the program code and come back to the circuit later. To save the project, first, we
click the File tab and click Save Project As, then save the project with the filename the
user has chosen to name it as. After choosing the filename, click the Save button and the
project is now saved.

Figure 6.6 Saving the Project

For the coding of the program, we will use the software Arduino IDE. Let us
open our Arduino IDE and on the blank sketch, we can start with the coding required for
the PIR Sensor doorbell to work.

Figure 6.7 Arduino IDE

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 We can just delete the code placed in the new sketch provided by Arduino IDE.

In terms of coding the program, we have to first include the library for the LCD,
and also we are going to create a make-shift library for the tune of our melody which will
be played by the sounder.

Figure 6.8 New Tab

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 In the Sketch tab, click the drop down arrow and select the New Tab option, this
is where we will define the notes for the tone that will be used later. After clicking the
New Tab option, name the new tab “pitches.h” and input the following notes into the
sketch. Take note that these are public constants and should not be edited.

Figure 6.9 Pitches.h

These codes are public constants that should not be altered as they have a specific
definition for the codes. Each note has a specific tune that is defined in this code which
makes each of these notes unique.

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 After typing the code for the notes, we can now properly start coding out the
program, first in our code should be the libraries that we are going to use, which are the
LCD library and now the pitches.h library. After coding these libraries, we can start with
assigning the pins used. Take note that if the user did not follow the procedure of the
wiring, the user will have to determine the pins used for the code to work.

Figure 7. Libraries and Pin assignments

After the pin assignments, we will now create the melody and its duration that
will be played by the sounder in the simulation later.

Figure 7.1 Melody and Note durations

The melody created is the combination of the following notes, in which each of
these notes has a pre-defined sound that will come from pitches.h sketch. The note
duration shows how each note will last, and the 0 added in the melody is when the melody
will pause and it will last for about a quarter of a note. As shown in Figure 7.1 the 4 and
8s are the duration of the notes in which it is explained how long 4 and 8 last in terms of
notes.

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 After the melody and note duration, we can now start with the void set up of the
code itself, firstly we will have to setup the LCD and the pin modes.

Figure 7.2 Void setup

The numbers 16 and 2 are the size of the LCD used, meaning the LCD is a 16x2
display output. This means that the LCD can display 16 characters per line with 2 lines to
display. The pinMode code states that the sounder will be the output for the simulation
later.

We can now start with the void loop part of the code, this part of the code is the
main body of the code, which will determine how the simulation works and which of the
components will work at a given instruction.

Figure 7.3 Void loop If statement

This section determines how the components will work with the given set of
instructions provided by the program. Firstly we determined that the PIR sensor will be
in the digital pin 1 of the Arduino. The setCursor determines where the text will begin to
be displayed, the coordinates (0,0) means that the text that will be printed out will be
displayed starting from 0 columns and 0 rows. The LCD will then print out the statement
“Guest(s): “. The if statement then states that if the PIR sensor is at a low value of 0, the
next row of the LCD will print out the statement “Wave Here” signifying that if guests do
arrive, the LCD shows them where they should wave their hands. The digital write code

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is used for our output, the sounder. This code states that if the PIR sensor is low, the
sounder should also be at a low value, meaning it should not play the tune. The delay part
of the code is used so that the program will not have a bouncing circuit in which the on
and off function of the program will not alternate rapidly, but instead, it will have a smooth
transition from being off going to on state.

Now that the first part of the loop statement is done, we can now proceed into
the next part, which is the else if. This part of the code will now determine how the
components work and how the program will give out the set of instructions when the PIR
sensor, has a high state.

Figure 7.4 Void loop Else if statement

This part of the code is where if the PIR sensor has a high state, the first row of
the LCD will still display the text “Guest(s): “, but the second row will now display the
text “Welcome!” The for statement will now play the tune created in the melody section
of the code. The first line of code next to the for statement iterates the notes of the melody
from 0 to 8. Next, the note duration code, states that each note duration is equal to 1000
milliseconds or 1 second. Each note duration is divided by the values stated in the iteration,
which is dependent on the stated duration of each note in Figure 7.1. The tone section, is
used to distinguish the notes that will be played by the sounder, hence the number 3 which
is the digital pin used for the sounder. The next line of codes is used to set a minimum
time between each note that is played, wherein the pause is defined as the note duration
multiplied by 30% of its duration. After defining the tone and the pause, we can now add
the noTone statement on pin 3, meaning that this code stops the tone from playing unless
the PIR sensor has a high state again. This is used so that the tone does not loop itself and
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has a delay so that the melody will smoothly be produced by the sounder concerning the
LCD being cleared.

The final code of the sketch should look like this, in which the user can now save
both the sketch and the pitches.h library into the folder that the user will determine.

Figure 7.5 Final Sketch

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 Figure 7.6 Saving the sketch

After saving the sketch, we can now export the sketch so that we can now import
it into the Arduino for the circuit to program as a PIR Sensor Doorbell.

Figure 7.7 Exporting the compiled binary code

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 At the bottom of the sketch pad, the compiler will show the user if there are any
malfunctions seen in the code, it should be noted that the user should always have 0 errors
after compiling for the program to function properly.

Figure 7.8 Arduino IDE Compiler

After exporting our sketch code, we can now go back to our Proteus simulation
and import the required codes for the components for our doorbell to work. Firstly we are
going to import the necessary .hex file for the PIR sensor which is a built-in function of
Proteus. Double click the PIR sensor and click the folder in line with the Program file
section.

Figure 7.9 PIR Sensor Program File

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 Now we are going to locate the standard PIR sensor .hex file so that our PIR
sensor can function properly. The location of the .hex file for the PIR sensor will depend
on where the user installed the software, in my case, the location was at Local Disk
C/Program Files (x86)/Labcenter Electronics/Proteus 8 Professional/DATA/LIBRARY.
After locating the PIRSensorTEP.hex click the open button so that the .hex file will be
the program that the PIR sensor will run when the simulation starts.

Figure 8. PIR sensor .hex file

It should show at the program file section of the PIR Sensor properties that it is
selected. We can now click the ok button after the file has been selected.

Figure 8.1 PIR Sensor TEP .hex

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 Now that we have the proper .hex file for our PIR Sensor, we are also going to
do the same for our Arduino board, wherein we are going to locate the sketch code that
we created earlier. Double click the Arduino board, and just like the PIR sensor, click the
folder in line with the Program File section and locate the sketch code created earlier.

Figure 8.2 Arduino .hex file

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 After importing the proper .hex files for both the PIR sensor and the Arduino
board, we can now simulate our circuit project. We just have to click the Run button on
the lower left side of the software, and we can then see how the program code affects the
components and how our codes are shown in the components. An example of this is the
LCD in both the low and high value of the PIR Sensor and the sounder as well.

Figure 8.3 PIR Sensor low value

Figure 8.4 PIR Sensor high value

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 Now that concludes our PIR Sensor Doorbell simulation, it can be noted that the
user can edit with the simulation itself. Whether that be in the form of a different text
displayed in the LCD, another sensor used, a different output other than the sounder, or a
different circuit altogether.

Short Quiz #3
MULTIPLE CHOICE

1) What pins of the PIR Sensor are used as data pins of the sensor?
a) D0-D7 b) D1-D8
c) D0-D3 d) D4-D7

2) This is the part of the code that is the main body of the code.
a) Void setup b) #include
c) Void loop d) If Else If statement

3) What does 16x2 for the LCD mean?

a) 16 rows 2 columns b) 16 columns 2 rows
c) 16 characters 2 lines d) 16 length 2 width

4) This section of the Arduino IDE should have no errors for the code to work properly.
a) Sketch pad b) Compiler
c) Sketch export d) New tab

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Answers to Short Quiz #1

1. b) Replay. This is not a button that can simulate a circuit design in Proteus.
2. c) Overview Window. This is where the overall view of the circuit design can be
seen.
3. b) Sketch. This is what’s called a code being generated by the Arduino IDE.

Answers to Short Quiz #2

1. c) Passive. The PIR sensor is a passive infrared sensor.

2. c) Digital PWM. This is the type of pin that can convert a digital signal into an
analog signal that varies on the width of the Pulse.
3. b) Fresnel lens. This is the name of the lens that is used for cover that focuses the
infrared signals into the pyroelectric sensor.

Answers to Short Quiz #3

1. a) D0-D7. These are the data pins of the PIR Sensor.

2. c) Void loop. This is where the majority of the code is placed, making it the main
body of the code.
3. c) 16 character 2 lines. The LCD can display 16 characters per line with 2 lines.
4. b) Compiler. This is the section where the Arduino IDE shows if any error arises
from the code.

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References
Henry. (2020, January 19). Introduction to Proteus. Introduction to Proteus -
The Engineering Knowledge. Retrieved from:
https://www.theengineeringknowledge.com/introduction-to-proteus/

Robu. (2020, July 14). Arduino Pin Configuration – Complete Guide 2021. Arduino Pin
Configuration: A Detailed Guide (2021) | Robu.in. Retrieved from:
https://robu.in/Arduino-pin-configuration/

TechTarget Contributor. (2019, September). LCD (Liquid Crystal Display). What is

LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)? (techtarget.com). Retrieved from:
https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/LCD-liquid-crystal-display

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