Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
DIVISION OF CAPIZ
Banica, Roxas City
Tel. No./Fax No. (036) 6210974
E-mail: capiz@deped.gov.ph | http://depedcapiz.ph

ENHANCED RETELLING ACTIVITY THROUGH COMICS (E-RAC): A PEDAGOGICAL

TOOL IN IMPROVING STORY RETELLING ACTIVITY AMONG GRADE 8 STUDENTS

I. Context & Rationale

English language plays a crucial role to weave the world into a single thread (Ahmad, 2016).

Hence, the teaching of English in Junior High Schools should be emphasized at helping the students to

be able to communicate in English. They have to be fluent in using the target language in both written

and oral form. One of the English learning objectives is understanding and/or producing speech and/or

written texts which are realized in five skills namely listening, speaking, reading, writing, and viewing.

Among the skills aforementioned, speaking skill can be considered as the most important

skill as it tests out the success of language learning on how a person can carry out a conversation on

the target language. Moreover, it is highly important as speaking and human being cannot be separated

with which the former is used to be relevant in the civilized world (Sharma, 2018). However, as how

essential speaking skill is, many students face troubles in speaking in the target language. Most

students encounter difficulties in pronouncing English words. Likewise, they lack the necessary

vocabulary items, so the tendency is they find it difficult to form sentences in English. Consequently,

students are not willing to participate in the speaking activities or just sat silently at the desk without

desire to get involved in the speaking activities. If these upsetting circumstances become constant, the

students would never learn to speak in English comprehensively.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
DIVISION OF CAPIZ
Banica, Roxas City
Tel. No./Fax No. (036) 6210974
E-mail: capiz@deped.gov.ph | http://depedcapiz.ph

Moreover, students’ primary dilemma is not with their classroom environment but within

themselves. In fact, they tend to be better at memorizing rather than practicing the skill. (Royanti, 2017)

They do better when the lectures need to be memorized rather than to be delivered as performance

tasks. This is an indication that students may lack with self-assurance. Consequently, teachers might

look into such effective pedagogical strategies that can improve their lack of speaking manners.

Storytelling, per se, is one of these strategies. Students tend to speak more when they are interested to

what they are talking about. Further, they give more inputs if stories that they are going to retell are

relatable to their age.

With terms such as ‘effective’ and ‘interesting’, appropriate use of media is an important means. All

instructions require the selection and use of at least one medium to deliver lectures and discussions. In

order to select the appropriate media, the teacher must contemplate that aside from the pedagogical

context of media materials, individual learners between learners, complexities of contents, and desired

learning outcomes must work hand in hand and be related to what ‘boundary conditions’ mean (Bates,

2015).

` In the Philippines, K-12 implementation compels teachers to produce innovative materials that

are essential to the development of students' macro skills. Teaching every student in this digital age is the

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
DIVISION OF CAPIZ
Banica, Roxas City
Tel. No./Fax No. (036) 6210974
E-mail: capiz@deped.gov.ph | http://depedcapiz.ph

greatest challenge that teachers face today. Students have widely divergent needs, skills, and interests

because of the bombardment of media. Perhaps it would be helpful not to compete with the media and

the outside world but to incorporate materials like newspapers, magazines, cartoons, video and other

media to spark students’ interest. This leads the researcher to undertake the study on using comics as a

pedagogical tool in teaching speaking as it only has limited studies on its effect.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
DIVISION OF CAPIZ
Banica, Roxas City
Tel. No./Fax No. (036) 6210974
E-mail: capiz@deped.gov.ph | http://depedcapiz.ph

It was noted by the researcher upon checking the output of students from their returned

module during the first and second weeks, that there were poor in understanding and retention skills

even though repeated activity sheets were given to them. The students also show lack of

comprehension skills and necessary knowledge with regards to the subject. Here intervention is

definitely needed.

• The researcher proposes using the 4R’s strategy as an intervention for deeper

understanding of short stories and poem of Grade 10 students in English. In this kind of intervention

students will gain knowledge and skills by working for an extended period of time to investigate and

respond to an authentic, engaging and complex question, problem or challenge. Project-based

learning strategy also contributes to students with medium ability compared to students with skills

above or below average.

• 4R'ing (pronounced "four-are-ing") is a means of encouraging students to find answers

and personal meaning for information.  The four R's include: Research, Reason, Relate, and

Record

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
DIVISION OF CAPIZ
Banica, Roxas City
Tel. No./Fax No. (036) 6210974
E-mail: capiz@deped.gov.ph | http://depedcapiz.ph

• Students work on a school over an extended period of time- from a week up to each quarter

that engages them in solving real-world problems and understanding a complex question. They

demonstrate their knowledge and skill by creating a public product or presentation for a real

audience. As a result, students develop deep content knowledge as well as critical thinking,

collaboration, creativity, and communication skills. Therefore, 4R’s unleashes a contagious, creative

energy among students and teachers.

• With this, the researcher believed that using 4R’s strategy as intervention will improve the

level of understanding of Grade 10 students of David Moises Memorial High School in any English

literature such as short stories and poem.

II. Action Research Questions

• This action research study aimed to improve and deeper Grade 10 students’ understanding of

English selected literature such as short stories David Moises Memorial High School for the school

year 2021-2022. Precisely, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the level of understanding of the Grade 10 students in selected English literature such as

short stories and poem based on the result of their pre-test?

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
DIVISION OF CAPIZ
Banica, Roxas City
Tel. No./Fax No. (036) 6210974
E-mail: capiz@deped.gov.ph | http://depedcapiz.ph

2. What is the level of understanding of the Grade 10 students in selected English literature such as

short stories and poem based on the result of their post-test after intervention?

• III. Proposed Innovation, Intervention, and Strategy

In this time of pandemic where face to face classroom interaction is discouraged, the

researcher face with problems on how to fully address all the student’s need in English for grade 10

students. With the Modular mode of Learning Delivery, it is hard to fully measure the actual skills and

assess the performance of the students. Hence, the researcher has to find ways and means on how

to deliver the lesson without sacrificing the quality of the results. It is through this conviction that the

use of 4R’s strategy as a teaching intervention can fully capture the extent of learning of the student

as this method involves students to investigate, and respond to questions, problems or to an

authentic challenge for a given period of time and will engage them in solving and understand real-

world problem or answering a complex question to develop deep content knowledge, critical thinking,

collaboration, creativity and communication skills.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
DIVISION OF CAPIZ
Banica, Roxas City
Tel. No./Fax No. (036) 6210974
E-mail: capiz@deped.gov.ph | http://depedcapiz.ph

A pre-test will be administered to the targeted learners through their parents and

instructed to let their child answer the test as well as the next activities to be given every week. The

pre-test will be gathered after one week and data will be analyzed. After analyzing the data, the

researcher will study the content of the modules and to achieve the desired results, the researcher

will create a learning material focusing on few selected English literature such as short stories and

poem based on the modules containing the integration of the 4R’s approach. In the material, a short

story or a poem will be added and guide questions with different difficulties that will lead learners to

use 4R’s method. By these, the researcher is able assess students understanding. At the end of the

quarter, with given interventions students’ will be assess using post-test that will serve as the basis for

their final result. thus, the researcher can identify the effectiveness of the intervention.

To solve the problems that arise in an educational system particularly schools that adopted

modular print modality and with students who need more attention and guidance, teachers must

consider this as a challenge and think of a possible solution. And as researcher I see this as the very

reason to use 4R’s Strategy for better understanding of learner’s lessons.

IV. Action Research Method

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
DIVISION OF CAPIZ
Banica, Roxas City
Tel. No./Fax No. (036) 6210974
E-mail: capiz@deped.gov.ph | http://depedcapiz.ph

This action research employed a pretest-intervention-posttest design and made use of a

descriptive method to determine the effectiveness of 4R’s teaching strategy for deeper understanding

of short stories and poem.

a. Participants/Sources of Data and Information

The participants of this research study are the Grade 10 Newton of David Moises Memorial High

School for the school year 2021 – 2022. The number of participants will be determined by using their

scores in the pre-test for the second quarter and will be selected using purposive sampling.

b. Data Gathering Methods

The researcher will be utilized the descriptive method with researcher-made pre-test and

post-test questionnaires and module-based Learners Activity Sheet (LAS) with the integration of 4R’S

strategy. Data gathered will be tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted using appropriate statistical tools.

Pre-test. This will be used as the basis of the study. Hand in to their respective adviser

and will be given to the respondents through their parents.

Module based Learners Activity Sheet (LAS) with the integration of Project Based

learning strategy. This will be sent through Adviser to the student’s brought by parents upon retrieval

and release of modules. Attached to the SLM integrated, activity sheets with 4R’S strategy guide and

lastly, rubrics for respondents will be aware on how their output will be assess.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
DIVISION OF CAPIZ
Banica, Roxas City
Tel. No./Fax No. (036) 6210974
E-mail: capiz@deped.gov.ph | http://depedcapiz.ph

Post-test. This will be the last activity performed by the identified participants and

become the basis of the result of this study.

The data gathered will be analyzed and interpreted using frequency count, mean and

mean percentage. To describe the level of retention based on pre-test and post-test, the mean scale

below will be used.

Score Interpretation

21.00 - 30.00 High

11.00 – 20.00 Average

0.00 – 10.00 Low

• c. Ethical Issues
•

• Permission to conduct the research will be sought from the principal of David Moises Memorial

High School and authorized signatories at the Division of Capiz. The researcher will also ask for

approval from the parents of Grade 10-Newton, a face-to-face meeting with the parents by following

the AITF protocols, and sign the agreement of between the researcher and participants including

confidentiality of name, sex, and status. Collected data from other researches will be rightfully

acknowledged in the bibliography.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
DIVISION OF CAPIZ
Banica, Roxas City
Tel. No./Fax No. (036) 6210974
E-mail: capiz@deped.gov.ph | http://depedcapiz.ph

• d. Data Analysis Plan

•
• The researcher will use the quantitative descriptive methods of research using the following

statistical tools:

• Frequency count and Percentage. This was used to determine the result of the pre-test, and

post-test of the respondents in terms of scores.

• Mean. This was used to determine the level of conceptual understanding in Discipline and Ideas

in Social Sciences using teacher-recorded video discussion.

• V. Action Research Work Plan and Timeline

The research will begin in the first week, and will end at the last week of the second grading

period of school year 2021 – 2022 as shown below:

1st to 3rd to 1st to 1st to 4th

2nd 4th 4th week of
STRATEGIES 1st to 4th
week week week Februar
week of
of of of y
January
Novem Novem Decem 2022
2022
ber ber ber
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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
DIVISION OF CAPIZ
Banica, Roxas City
Tel. No./Fax No. (036) 6210974
E-mail: capiz@deped.gov.ph | http://depedcapiz.ph

2021 2021 2021

Identify the problem and

the respondent of the
study

Submission and approval

to conduct the study

Enhanced parental
involvement and
participation (Purpose,
benefits, and ethical
issues of the study)

Administration of pre-test
to the respondents as
baseline

Administration of module
based SLM with 4r’s
integration, & rubrics to
the respondents

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
DIVISION OF CAPIZ
Banica, Roxas City
Tel. No./Fax No. (036) 6210974
E-mail: capiz@deped.gov.ph | http://depedcapiz.ph

Monitor the progress of

the students

Conduct of post-test,
analysis, and
interpretation.

Submission and
presentation of the
research paper

• VI. Plans for Dissemination and Utilization

•
• The researcher will disseminate the result of the research to the students and parents,

collaborate with the teachers in school to generate added and essential information for the

improvement of the said research through LAC sessions, and to the school's division office.

VII. References

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
DIVISION OF CAPIZ
Banica, Roxas City
Tel. No./Fax No. (036) 6210974
E-mail: capiz@deped.gov.ph | http://depedcapiz.ph

• https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED585254.pdf.

• ttps://scholarworks.montana.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/1/3587/

RedmondK0814;jsessionid=2E138A36AD544431BE6DE4355F43B4D3?sequence=1

• https://www.edutopia.org/project-based-learning

Curriculum Vitae
•

Name: Rossana L. Gregorio

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
DIVISION OF CAPIZ
Banica, Roxas City
Tel. No./Fax No. (036) 6210974
E-mail: capiz@deped.gov.ph | http://depedcapiz.ph

Position: Teacher III

School: David Moises Memorial High School

Home Address: Mambusao Capiz

Cellphone Number:

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
DIVISION OF CAPIZ
Banica, Roxas City
Tel. No./Fax No. (036) 6210974
E-mail: capiz@deped.gov.ph | http://depedcapiz.ph

“4R’s teaching strategy for deeper understanding of short stories and poem”

APPROVAL SHEET

Prepared by:

ROSSANA L. GREGORIO
Researcher

Noted:

RIZALINA L. BARRUELA
Principal II

Recommending Approval:

MARGGIE A. OBLIGACION, PhD

Senior Education Program Specialist

SALVADOR DALE B. ARTATES

Education Program Supervisor in Mathematics

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
DIVISION OF CAPIZ
Banica, Roxas City
Tel. No./Fax No. (036) 6210974
E-mail: capiz@deped.gov.ph | http://depedcapiz.ph

SEGUNDINA F. DOLLETE, EdD

Chief, Curriculum Implementation Division

Approved:

SALVADOR O. OCHAVO JR., EdD., CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

December 03, 2021

SALVADOR O. OCHAVO, JR., EdD, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent
Division of Capiz
Banica, Roxas City
Sir:

I have the honor to request permission from your good office to conduct an action research on

“IDEA APPROACH: MATHEMATICAL APPROACH TO ENHANCE PROBLEM SOLVING SKILLS OF

GRADE 10 STUDENTS” at David Moises Memorial High School, Balit, Mambusao, Capiz.

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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
DIVISION OF CAPIZ
Banica, Roxas City
Tel. No./Fax No. (036) 6210974
E-mail: capiz@deped.gov.ph | http://depedcapiz.ph

Attached herewith are pertinent documents for this purpose.

I am hoping for your favorable action towards this request.

Very truly yours,

ELVIRA B. SALISTRE
TEACHER III
Noted:

RIZALINA L. BARRUELA
Principal-II

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