University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao Tuguegarao City i

Acknowledgement

This study will not be achieved without the unending support and help from the
people whom we came across to in our journey in accomplishing this research and
making this work a reality. The researchers would like to give their whole-hearted
gratitude and appreciation to the following:

To Dr. Liza Empedrad, our Instructor, in giving us the direction to what the
researchers should accomplished, for her professional advices, suggestions and
patience in reading and correcting our study,

To Dr. Olivia B. Pasicolan, for her unending support and for the realization of this
study,

To the Administrators of this University together with the Unlad Dunong Center
(UDC) Director, for allowing us to conduct our study,

To the respondents of each barangays in the Western part of Tuguegarao City

for their cooperation and honest response to our study,

To Mr. Leeh Mhar Lorenzo, for sharing his precious time in explaining statistical
methods,

To the Political Science Society, TFs and friends for the concern and moral
support,

To our beloved family, for the unconditional love and endless support: financially,
morally, spiritually and mentally, which served as an inspiration and guidance to finish
this study,

And above all, to GOD the source of all things that we have, the ultimate giver of
infinite knowledge, wisdom and love.

The Researchers
University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao Tuguegarao City ii

Dedication

We, the researchers dedicate this work of love and patience to You.

To our family who always give us their endless love and support in our journey of life,
and to our friends, who shared us their care and laughter,

To Dr. Liza Empedrad who extended great supervision and unending support during
the research study,

To PSS family who always cheer and inspire us,

To GOD and His only begotten son, Jesus Christ, the source of all strength.

Precious, Ruth, Riza,

Lady, Francisco
University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao Tuguegarao City iii

Approval Sheet

In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree Bachelor of Arts Major in
Political Science, this research entitled “MOST ENCOUNTERED PROBLEMS OF
BARANGAYS” has been prepared and submitted by PRECIOUS DIANNE
BAGALAYOS, RUTH ANN BINGCANG, RIZA JOY GATERING, LADY CARL
LORENZO and FRANCISCO ORALLO is hereby presented for final approval.

________________________
LIZA EMPEDRAD Ph. D.
Adviser

Approved by the panel of examiners on __________________with a grade of _____.

Member Member

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree Bachelor of Arts
Major in Political Science..

____________ _________________________________
Date THERESE MAY ALEJANDRINO, MBA, MPA
Dean, School of Education
Arts and Sciences
University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao Tuguegarao City iv

Table of Contents
Page
Acknowledgement …………………………………………………………………....... i
Dedication………………………………………………………………………………. ii
Approval Sheet…………………………………………………………………………. iii
Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………. iv
Abstract………………………………………………………………………………….. 1
Keywords………………………………………………………………………………... 1
INTRODUCTION…..…………………………………………………………………… 1
Background of the study……………………………………………………… 1
Statement of the Problem…………………………………………………….. 2
Significance of the Study……………………………………………………... 3
Literature Review…………………………………………………………........ 3
Underpinning Theory………………………………………………… 3
Discussion of Literature by Themes………………………………... 4
Hypothesis….………………………………………………………… 5
Research Paradigm………………………………………................ 5
METHODS……………………………………………………………………………… 6
Research Design……….……………………………………………………… 6
Respondents…………….……………..………………………………………. 6
Research Instruments…….…………………………………………………… 6
Research Procedures………………………………………………………….. 6
Data Analysis…………………………………………………………………… 7
RESULTS……………………………………………………………………………….. 7
DISCUSSION…………………………………………………………………………… 8
CONCLUSION………………………………………………………………………….. 10
REECOMMENDATION………………………………………………………………… 11
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………. 12
APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………………... 18
Literature 19
Matrix………………………………………………………………….
Data Matrix………………………………………………………………………. 43
Letter from Office of the Mayor.……………………………………………….. 64
Questionnaire…………………………………………………………………… 65
Curriculum Vitae………………………………………………………………………… 69
 University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao Tuguegarao 1
City

ABSTRACT

Keywords: social problems, environmental problems, leadership problems, measures

initiated, barangay officials, constituents

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Since time immemorial, man has always been confronted with problems that can
either challenge or spice life. Man surrenders a part of his freedom to form an organized
society and establish a government. People believe that the government can provide
everything that they need. Because of this, there is a great expectation on the
government to carry out its duties and functions effectively. However, the obligations
and responsibilities of the officials are all encompassing. They are responsible for the
protection, security, peace and order, protection of the environment and others. And
often times, they encounter predicaments or challenges on the enactment, execution or
enforcement of their activities that affects and interferes the free flow of duties of the
government at the same time the services given to the people.
The 1987 Philippines Constitution provides under Article X section 1 the territorial
and political subdivisions of the government, which includes the provinces, cities,
municipalities and including barangays. The executing law of this provision, which is the
Local Government Code of 1991 or Republic Act 7160 provides under section 6 the
creation of barangays through ordinance passed by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan or
by the Sangguniang Panlungsod concerned where the subject barangay is located.
With the barangay as a political subunit of the government it is vested with the extensive
power, delegated with both general powers (jus imperi) and corporate powers (jus
gestionis) (Batan, 2011). Creation, revision and amendments were done to be able to
University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao Tuguegarao City 2

come up with a very effective barangay system. Some of these laws are R.A. 2370, an
act granting authority to the Barrios of the Philippines, R.A. 3590 or the Barrio Charter
until such time that the Local Government Code of 1991 was created (R.A. 2370, R.A.
3590, LGC 1991 Jose Nolledo).
The Local Government Code states that the barangay “as a basic political unit
serves as the primary planning and implementing unit of the programs, projects and
activities of the government (LGC, Sec. 81). Barangay officials are responsible to
formulate measures, to eliminate drug addiction, maintain cleanliness and
beautification, promote well-being of woman and youth rights, and maintain barangay-
owned properties and infrastructures. According to ULAP (2013), constituents need to
respect their decisions and the rules being implemented by them. Problems like social,
political, and administrative also arises. Social problems are condition in the society
such as poverty and economic deprivation that induce material and psychic sufferings
for certain segments of population (Eitzen, 1983). And political and administrative
problems since barangay serves as the primary planning and implementing unit of the
government and forum wherein collective view of the people maybe expressed,
crystallized and considered and where disputes may be amicably settled (LGC 1991).
We then agree that the barangay government have the primary concern in finding
solutions to problems and provide essential needs of its people. These needs also
depend on the amount of power the barangay government will exercise and the
availability of funds to back it up (Ayson and Abletez, 1989 Edition).
This study was made by the researchers in order to track the problems of
barangays which is known to be the primary unit of the government. Problems are
conditions that disrupt the equilibrium or order; it will always be a part of all things, be it
internationally or domestically. We tend to find solutions for them, if not to remove all but
at least to lessen.

Statement of the Problem

The study aimed to determine the common problems most encountered by Barangays
as perceived by Barangay Officials and their constituents.
1. What are the problems most encountered by the barangays in Social,
Environmental and Leadership when grouped according to the perception of

a. Barangay officials
b. Barangay constituents

2. What are the measures initiated by barangay officials in addressing these

problems?
 3. Is there any significant difference in the perceptions of barangay officials and the
constituents as to the problems encountered in barangay and the measures
initiated?

University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao Tuguegarao City 3

Significance of the Study

The gathered information may help the barangay officials to know the problems
they usually encounter. With this, they will become knowledgeable in addressing these
problems, and they might possibly avoid such problems. This will also help the whole
barangay government to assure the good flow of work in the barangay. The study is
also important to the people because the barangay officials will be able to provide them
better resource if they are able to prevent the occurrence of the problems being
encountered. In this case, the people will be served by the barangay officials very well
and goods and services will be delivered to the people.

LITERATURE REVIEW

Underpinning Theory
This study is anchored on the Social Contract or Social Compact Theory, theory
of the functionalist Reab and Selznick (1961), Transformational Leadership Theory
(1998) and the Theory of Group Behavior (1952).

Social Contract/Social Compact Theory

John Locke believed that men were rational beings and could make use of
natural law for their own good. But they need the state to maintain peace and order,
provide them with essential services, and settle their quarrels and conflicts. Just like
what is being practiced nowadays, men live in an organized society; they elect leaders
to represent their views and to settle conflicts, disputes and problems which are also
practiced in the barangay. But in the execution and enforcement of their duties the
barangay officials encounter problems within their territory – socially, environmentally,
leadership.

Theory of the Functionalist Reab and Selznick

Social problems are simply widespread conditions that have harmful

consequences for society or they are problems in human relationship which threaten
society or impede the important aspirations of many people. The functionalist also
compares the society to the human being which is composed of different systems as
well as organs which are interdependent to each other. If one system organ does not
function well or it becomes dysfunctional, it adversely affects the other systems or
organs. It’s the same as well with the barangay. It might encounter problems that may
hinder its effective execution of its duties and the delivery of its services.

Transformational Leadership Theory by Bernard M. Bass

 With different problems that exist, this theory tells us that it is the duty of
officials/leaders to do something and show their leadership in helping the community.

University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao Tuguegarao City 4

Theory of Group Behavior of Lewin

People support what they help create. It talks about the involvement of people in
the creation and maintenance of a certain community. With this, it is right to say that in
the formation of a better community, leaders and their constituents must work together.
Men live with their thinking capacities and in the society they are led by the
leaders who are primary decision makers for the general welfare. Problems cannot be
shunned in the community. With the guide and help of the leaders, men can address
these problems.

Discussion of Literature by Themes

Social Problems
Social problems are general factors that affect and damage the society. Social
problems often involve problems that affect real life. Examples can include crime,
Sexual transmitted disease, Antisocial behavior, Poverty, Drug abuse, Alcohol abuse,
Economic Deprivation, and Unemployment.

Some of the social problems and issues of barangays were mostly drug
addiction, gambling, drug addiction, illegal activities that affect marine resources,
drunkenness and petty crimes. Just like what Barangay Taloto ,Tagbiliran is
experiencing. Whenever problems arise in a certain barrio, a katarungang pambarangay
is convened to settle disputes. This body is composed of the Sangguniang
pambarangay and the lupon. For how many years, this body really help but in some
other barrios, this council cannot solve disputes easily just like barangay Buaya,
Kalinga.

Another problem is the settling of disputes in the barangay. To address this

problem the Katarungang Pambarangay Law was created. The main purpose of this is
to reduce the number of court litigations and prevent the deterioration of the quality of
justice. It is useful especially when disputes pertaining to the barangay constituents are
concerned. It will resolve petty cases and make judgment run easily.

Environmental Problems

Environmental problems are known process (such as resource consumption) that

has negative effects on the sustainability of the environmental quality necessary for the
well being of the organisms living in it. Barangay officials direct their efforts and
energies to solve the major problems affecting the barangay. (de Leon &Lugue, 1984).
One of which is the problem encountered in the environment. Environmental problems
include the improper waste disposal, maintaining cleanliness, proper drainage system,
SMOG (smoke and fog) mostly on cities and others.
In addressing the problem on the environment the Environment officials in
Mandaue City called on the Barangay Captains in Mandaue to lead by example and to
encourage people to practice waste segregation. (Inquirer News, Cuyos, 2012) Based

University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao Tuguegarao City 5

from the article The Ten biggest Problems facing the Philippines today it includes Trash.
Flooding everytime there is rain and Pollution which I think the most common result of
the improper waste segregation or not observing the proper waste management.
Another seminar workshop attended by the barangay officials of Mandaue City was
thesolution to drainage problem. (Inquirer News, Cuyos, 2011) This drainage problem
happens mostly when there is heavy rain. Seminar workshops are helpful to be
prepared whenever problems arises on the Barangay.

Competencies of Barangay Officials

The competence of Barangay Officials determines how high is the ability of an
official to do his duties and how this may affect his work. If an official is not competent,
then this may be a cause of a problem in his performance. Competence, according to
law dictionary, is the capacity of a person to understand a situation and to act
reasonably. The rationality or thinking capacity of a person is needed especially in
decision making, which sometimes is also the problem of officials. Genevieve C. Taeza
(March 1996) made a research on the Perceived Managerial Competencies of
Barangay Officials in Tuguegarao, Cagayan and had found out that the officials are
competent in five managerial functions: planning, organizing, controlling, motivating and
coordinating. Another study/research by Irish P. Camayang, et. al. (March 1998) on the
Managerial Competencies of Barangay Officials in the Implementation of Infrastructure
Projects in Selected Barangay in Solana, Cagayan stated that their Barangay officials
believed that they possess managerial competencies of establishing basic infrastructure
projects in the barangay but their constituents convinced that they really possess the
managerial competencies based on their observations but constituents assessment are
less better. And lastly, the characteristics of officials do not influence the awareness on
the basic infrastructure project. Their competency is needed in order for them to avoid
greater problems.

Hypothesis
There is no significant difference in the perceptions of barangay officials and the
constituents as to the problems encountered in barangay and the measures initiated.

Research Paradigm

Independent Variables Dependent Variable

Social Problems Problems encountered

Environmental Problems in the barangay
Problems in Leadership
 Figure 1

University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao Tuguegarao City 6

Figure 1 shows our independent and dependent variables. The Social,

Environmental and Leadership problems are the factors that directly affect the
barangays. These factors give rise to the problems that the barangay officials might
encounter in their administration. Any change on the independent variable may take
effect on the dependent variable.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study made use of descriptive research design in collecting existing data to
answer questions about the current status of the subject or topic of study which is the
most encountered problems in the barangay. This method provided the most important
information that was needed in the study.

Respondents

The respondents of this study were barangay officials from selected barangays of
Tuguegarao City, namely barangay Ugac Sur, Ugac Norte, Cataggaman Nuevo,
Cataggaman Pardo, Cataggaman Viejo, Pallua Sur, Pallue Norte, Bagay, San Gabriel
and Buntun. Our estimated number of respondents was 100 officials (ten from each
barangay), which include the barangay captain, barangay kagawad, secretary and
treasurer and 100 constituents (ten from each barangay). The barangay officials were
chosen as respondents for they are the primary body who knows the real problems or
needs of their respective communities and the constituents were chosen through
purposive sampling.

Instruments

A questionnaire was constructed and developed by the members with the help of
the subject instructor and it was used as tool for the gathering of data. The
questionnaire is composed of four (4) parts: Part I is the Social Problems which are
encountered by the inhabitants of the barangay. These are issues and concerns that
affect the lives of the inhabitants in the community. Part II enclosed the Environmental
Problems which are encountered by the community in connection to keeping the
cleanliness, orderliness and care of the environment in the barangay. Part III is
leadership issues/concerns that are encountered by barangay officials in carrying out
their duties. Lastly, last questions referred to the measures/solutions in resolving these
problems.
Procedures
 The researchers, with the help of their instructor, asked for the approval of
floating of questionnaires in the Western barangays of Tuguegarao City from the office
of the Dean of School of Education, Arts and Sciences and office of the Vice President
for Academics. Following the approval to conduct survey, permission was asked to the
barangay captains and after conveying with them the purpose of the study the
University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao Tuguegarao City 7

questionnaire was given to them. Simple interviews followed in which the answers were
taken down by the researchers.Gathered data were tallied in order to determine the
most encountered problems of the barangay officials.

Data Analysis
Data gathered from the respondents were treated through the use of mean in
determining on how often the respondents see the item as a problem, median was also
used in finding out whether the respondents see Social, Environmental and Leadership
aspects as general problems of their barangay, and T-test with the use of SPSS (IBM)
in determining if there has been a significant difference between the answers of the
officials from that of the constituents.

RESULTS

Table 1. Problems Encountered in the Barangays

Problems Respondents Mean Median Description Interpretation

Barangay <26 not a problem
21.87 26 Not a problem
Social Officials >26 a problem
problems <26 not a problem
Constituents 22.51 26 Not a problem
>26 a problem
Barangay <24 not a problem
20.47 24 Not a problem
Environmental Officials >24 a problem
problems <24 not a problem
Constituents 20.78 24 Not a problem
>24 a problem
Barangay <36 not a problem
29.98 36 Not a problem
Leadership Officials >36 a problem
problems <36 not a problem
Constituents 32.13 36 Not a problem
>36 a problem

Table 1 shows the perception of barangay officials and constituents on problems

encountered in the barangays. Problems along social, environmental and leadership
are not considered problems as perceived by barangay officials and constituents.

Table 2. The Mean Distribution of Measures Initiated in Resolving Problems in the

Barangays

Solutions Respondents Mean Median Prescription Interpretation

Social Barangay 18.18 18 <18 not resolved Resolved
problems Officials >18 resolved
 Constituents 16.55 16 <16 not resolved Resolved
>16 resolved
Environmenta Barangay 19.36 16 <16 not resolved Resolved
l problems Officials >16 resolved
Constituents 17.01 16 <16 not resolved Resolved
>16 resolved

University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao Tuguegarao City 8

Leadership Barangay 21.15 16 <16 not resolved Resolved

problems Officials >16 resolved
Constituents 18.22 16 <16 not resolved Resolved
>16 resolved

Table 2 shows the perception of barangay officials and constituents on solutions

initiated on the problems in the barangays. Problems along social, environmental and
leadership are considered resolved as perceived by barangay officials and constituents.

Table 3. Significant Difference in the Problems and Measures Initiated

Variables Number of Mean T-Value Significance Decision
Respondents
Social Problems
Barangay Officials 100 21.87 -1.009 .314 Reject Ho
Constituents 100 22.51 -1.009 .314 Reject Ho
Environmental Problems
Barangay Officials 100 20.47 -.566 .572 Reject Ho
Constituents 100 20.78 -.566 .572 Reject Ho
Leadership Problems
Barangay Officials 100 29.98 -2.095 .037 Reject Ho
Constituents 100 32.13 -2.095 .037 Reject Ho
Measures initiated in Social Problems
Barangay Officials 100 18.18 3.548 .000 Accept Ho
Constituents 100 16.55 3.548 .000 Accept Ho

Measures initiated in Environmental Problems

Barangay Officials 100 19.36 4.428 .000 Accept Ho
Constituents 100 17.01 4.428 .000 Accept Ho
Measures initiated in Leadership Problems
Barangay Officials 100 21.15 5.521 .000 Accept Ho
Constituents 100 18.22 5.521 .000 Accept Ho
Table 3 shows that there is significant difference in the perception of barangay
officials and constituents along social, environmental and leadership problems, and
there is no significant difference in their perception with regard to the measures initiated
in the problems.
DISCUSSION
 Findings of the study shows that the most encountered problems as perceived by
the barangay officials in social aspect are unemployment and drunkenness while the
least encountered is prostitution. According to a survey conducted by the Labor Force,
the probable cause of unemployment in the Philippines is the unavailability of jobs
provided. The lack of investors and businesses that could provide good jobs for the
University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao Tuguegarao City 9

Filipino people is one key factor in the growing unemployment in the Philippines. But
probably, one cause of unemployment in the Philippines may be lack of education. In an
article, it negates the findings that drunkenness is a problem. It states that Filipinos
drink to socialize and it is not a problem. Alcohol drinking has been traditionally
associated with happiness, success, thrill and sexual prowess.

It was identified that poverty, gambling, land disputes, feud and early pregnancy
are the social problems which are sometimes encountered in the barangays according
to the officials. They also said that Non-payment of debts are also one of their major
problem under the social aspect. And for the constituents, drunkenness is the most
encountered social problem while suicide is least encountered. Poverty, gambling and
land dispute also occurred to be the problems that are sometimes encountered in the
barangays as perceived by the constituents.
Improper waste disposal is the most encountered environmental problem
according to the respondents, both from the barangay officials and constituents. This is
supported by the study of Manlapaz, Julieta. The study found out that most of the urban
barangays' residents were not segregating generated wastes at source or at homes and
that they contained more of the generated wastes in plastic bags which cause improper
waste segregation. Based on the result of the study, landslide is an environmental
problem which is not encountered in the barangay according to the respondents.
Barangay officials see improper waste management, flood, clogging of drainage, smoke
and fog, improper waste management segregation, lack of equipment and pollution as
specific environmental problems which are sometimes encountered in the barangay.
While improper waste management, flood, clogging of drainage system, absence of
clean water, smoke and fog, improper waste segregation, lack of equipment, pollution
and environmental degradation are the problems identified by the constituents that they
sometimes encounter.

It was found out in the result of the study that planned barangay activities which
are seasonal or timely is the most encountered leadership problem according to the
barangay officials and constituents. On the other hand, the least encountered problem
according to barangay officials is the lack of supervision, whereas the constituents
perceived slow settlement of disputes as the least encountered leadership problem.
This is supported by the study of Edelyn A. Cadorna, Ph.D. and Crescencio B. Velasco,
MPA, MBA that the performance of the barangays was found to have been affected by
the adequacy of non-human resources like barangay equipment and service vehicles,
as well as the responsiveness of the barangay in the issuance of barangay certificates.
The Barangay officials identified that in planning; there is a difficulty in soliciting the
ideas of the community, they lack materials and there is difficulty in responding
immediately. In organizing; resources are not available. In staffing; there is poor
attendance during scheduled meetings. And in controlling; funds are limited and there is
lack of equipment. The study also shows that the constituents perceived their barangay
officials sometimes to have difficulty or problems. They identified that in planning; there
is a difficulty in deciding the needs to be accomplished, difficulty in soliciting the ideas of
the community, they lack materials and there is difficulty in responding immediately. In
organizing; lack of communication, absence of unity among members and resources
are not available. In staffing; lack of initiative among the barangay officials, barangay
University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao Tuguegarao City 10

people are not interested in the barangay activities and there is poor attendance during
scheduled meetings. In directing; they have difficulty in requesting for programs,
difficulty in undertaking actions regarding solutions to problems, and very few
cooperates in planned activities. And in controlling; there is lack of supervision, funds
are limited and there is lack of equipment.

The result of the study, which is shown in table 2, indicates that social,
environmental and leadership problems are being resolved according to both barangay
officials and constituents. This is in relation to the Transformational Leadership Theory
of Bernard M. Bass that with different problems that exist, this theory tells us, it is the
duty of officials/leaders to do something and show their leadership in helping the
community.
In table 3, it shows that there is a significant difference in the perception of
barangay officials and constituents in social, environmental and leadership problems.
Under social problems there are 100 respondents which are barangay officials and 100
constituents. From the answers of the respondents we obtained a mean of 21.87 from
the barangay officials while 22.51 from the constituents. With a T value of -1.009 and a
significance of .314, we therefore reject Ho. As presented from the table above under
environmental problems, with the same number of respondents, we obtained a mean of
20.47 from the barangay officials while 20.78 from the constituents. And with the
obtained T value of -.566 and a significance of .572, we therefore reject Ho. Under the
leadership problems, with the same number of respondents, we obtained a mean of
29.98 from the barangay officials while 32.13 from the constituents. And with the
obtained T value of -2.092 and a significance of .037, we therefore reject Ho.
In the perception of officials and constituents along the measures initiated in the
problems, the study shows that there is no significant difference. Table 3 indicates that
under measures initiated in social, environmental and leadership problems there are
100 respondents from the barangay officials and 100 from the constituents. From the
answers of the respondents we obtained a mean of 18.18 from the barangay officials
while 16.55 from the constituents. With a T value of 3.548 and a significance of .000, we
therefore accept Ho. In the measures initiated in environmental problems with the same
number of respondents we obtained a mean of 19.36 from the barangay officials while
17.01 from the constituents. And with the obtained T value of 4.428 and a significance
of .000, we therefore accept Ho. Under the measures initiated in leadership problems
with the same number of respondents we obtained a mean of 21.15 from the barangay
officials while 18.22 from the constituents. And with the obtained T value of 5.521 and a
significance of .000, we therefore accept Ho.

CONCLUSION
 With all the data gathered and studied, it is important to know that even if the
barangays don’t see social, environmental and leadership as general problems, there
are individual problems that still occur along these aspects which the officials and
constituents need to address. The barangay officials and constituents have different
perceptions with regard the problems they encounter because at times barangay
University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao Tuguegarao City 11

officials know the problems that the barangay encounters more than the constituents.
They are the primary body that is concern in knowing the problems and in addressing
these. Therefore, they know better than the constituents. Some of the residents don’t
participate much with the barangay activities that is why the officials have hard time in
soliciting their ideas. Officials in the western part, together with the constituents of
Tuguegarao City, see that there is not much problem because they have solutions or
they initiate enough measures in acting on the problems they encounter.

RECOMMENDATION

In view of the findings presented and conclusions made, the following are
recommended: There should be regular Committee Reports that will be posted on the
bulletin of each barangays presenting the issues/problems/sentiments that they
encounter together with the actions that they will undertake in solving these. Evaluation
of officials by the constituents should be observed. Officials should also make ways on
how to make the people work with them actively, for example is giving incentives. There
should also be further studies in the other barangays in order for the officials and the
higher authorities to address problems that occur in all small units for them to deliver
better services.
University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao Tuguegarao City 12

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Zulueta, Francisco & Liwag Dolores (2001). “Social problems and Issues in the
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kurtada, www.studymode.com, 2010

Representative Edcel C. Lagman in his speech in Bicol, 2007

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R.A. 2370 An Act Granting Autonomy to Barrios of the Philippines, June 30, 1959
University of Saint Louis Tuguegarao Tuguegarao City 13

R.A. 3590 an act called “ The Barrio Charter” June 22, 1963

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