GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE

LUDHIANA PB(141006)

DESIGN OF MASONARY
STRUCTURES
Submitted By Submitted To
AYUSH JINDAL Prof. Tanpreet Singh
M.tech(Str.)
(2045001)
CONTENT
BRICKS
 (i) Take five random bricks samples and immerse them in water for 24 hours at
room temperature.
(ii) After 24 hours, take them out, allow them to drain and then clean the
surplus water. ‘
(iii) Now, fill their frogs (and any other voids) by a layer of standard
1:1 mortar (1 part cement and 1 part sand).
Store these bricks under damp sacks for 24 hours (to allow setting of mortar).
(iv) Place the bricks in water for seven days. (This is to allow the mortar to
STRENGTH harden).
(ISS 1077-1970) (v) Take the bricks out of the water, allow the water to drain and remove the
surplus water. When surface dry, each brick is tested for compressive strength
individually.
(vi) Place the brick flat-wise, with frog end facing upward, between two
plywood sheets.
(vii) Brick so adjusted between the plywood sheets is placed on the bed of
compressive strength of bricks testing machine and load is applied axially and
at a uniform rate of 140 kg/cm2/minute. (This is very important).
 (viii) Note the load at which the brick fails (gets broken). This load (P) is divided
by cross-sectional area (A) of the brick gives the compressive strength (Co).
Co=P/A
(ix) The arithmetic mean of the compressive strength of bricks values of all the
five bricks shall be taken as the compressive strength of that lot of bricks
represented by the test samples, (and not for all the bricks of a kiln).
(x) The brick shall be classified accordingly on the basis of the (Co) obtained as
above.
STRENGTH
(ISS 1077-1970)
 (i) Take five whole bricks randomly.
(ii) Dry these samples to a constant weight by placing them in a
ventilated oven at 110° C +- 5°C. This may take 48 hours or more time.
(iii) The specimens are weighed individually after cooling.
(iv) The dry, weighed samples are then immersed in water, at room
temperature, for 24 hours.
(v) After 24 hours the samples are taken out. Each sample is wiped dry
WATER and weighed individually within three minutes after it is taken out from the
ABSORPTION water.
(ISS 1077-1970) (vi) Absorption value is calculated by the simple relationship.
Absorption % = w2-w1/w1 x 100
where W1 is dry weight, and W2 is weight after immersion for 24 hours.
(vii) The average of five values for the five samples shall be taken as the
water absorption of the brick.
(viii) It shall be within the specified limits for the classification of the bricks.
STONES
 1. HARDNESS TEST 2. CRUSHING TEST

• Scratching of stone • To determine strength

• Moh’s scale of hardness • Cube size – 40mmx40mmx40mm

• Placed in water – 72 hours
• Compression testing machine

TEST ON
STONES
3. HARDNESS TEST (DORRY ABRASION)
• To find coefficient of hardness
• Cylinder – dia 25mm & height 25mm
• Load 1250gm
• Speed – 28rpm
• After 1000 revolution it is weighed-
Coefficient of hardness = 20 – loss in wgt3
 4. IMPACT TEST 5. FIRE RESISTANCE TEST
• To determine toughness index • Presence of Calcium
• Cylinder – dia 25mm & height 25mm carbonate
• Steel hammer – 20N • Sulphuric acid –Bubbles

6. ACID TEST
• Presence of Lime & Alkaline
content

TEST ON • Sulphuric acid - Efflorescence

STONES 7. ATTRITION or ABRASION TEST(Deval’s attrition

machine)
• To determine rate of wear of stones
• 50N sample taken
• Dia = 200mm, Length = 340mm
• 5hrs at 30rpm
• Sieve size = 1.5mm
• Retained material weighed-
Percentage wear = loss in wgt / Initial wt
 8. WATER ABSORPTION TEST
• To determine Electrical resistance
• 0.5N Cube
• W1, W2-
Percentage absorption = W2 – W1 X 100W

9. SMITH’S TEST
• To determine presence of earthly matter
TEST ON
10. CRYSTALLIZATION TEST
STONES • To determine durability or weathering quality
• Sodium sulphate
• Difference in weight

11. MICROSCOPIC TEST

• Geologist test

12. FREEZING & THAWING TEST

• 120C
 8. Porosity and Absorption test
• To ascertain the relative qualities of different stones, they are
immersed in water for 24 hours and the amount of water
absorbed by each specimen is noted. Greater absorption of
water by the stone means that it is porous and can not resist
weathering forces well. The test specimen which absorbs the
smallest amount of water is the best.

TEST ON
STONES
THANK YOU