Mark Geovan C.

Cadeliña
BSCPE 1-1

Final Discussion: Week 14 Japanese Occupation

How does the Greater-East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere of

Japanese led to World War II?
- From 1931 until 1945, the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, or GEACPS, was an
imperialist idea conceived under the Japanese Empire and disseminated to Asian
people conquered by it. It spanned the Asia-Pacific region, promoting East Asian,
Southeast Asian, South Asian, and Oceanian cultural and economic integration. It also
stated the objective of forming a self-sufficient Asian bloc led by the Japanese that
would be free of the influence of Western countries. Foreign Minister Ysuke Matsuoka
originally revealed the plan on August 1, 1940, in a radio address.

What 's the difference between the occupation of USA and

Japanese in the Philippines? In terms of the following:

a. Manner of colonization
- The Japanese occupation of the Philippines took place between 1942 and 1945, during
World War II, when Imperial Japan invaded the Commonwealth of the Philippines. The
invasion began on December 8, 1941, ten hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
On December 22, 1941, Japanese forces arrived in the Lingayen Gulf and pushed across
central Luzon towards Manila. General MacArthur proclaimed Manila an open city on
December 25, 1941, on the suggestion of President Quezon, and relocated the
Commonwealth administration to Corregidor. On January 2, 1942, the Japanese
captured Manila.

- The decision to annex the Philippines by US authorities was not without opposition in
the United States. Americans who supported annexation had a number of reasons for
doing so, including a desire for economic prospects in Asia, concerns that the Filipinos
were incapable of self-rule, and the worry that if the US did not take control of the
islands, another power (such as Germany or Japan) would.Meanwhile, American
resistance to the Philippines' colonial authority took various forms, ranging from those
who believed it was ethically wrong for the US to be involved in colonialism to those
who worried that annexation would allow non-white Filipinos to participate in
American national governance. Others were uninterested with imperialism's moral or
racial ramifications and were just interested in opposing President William McKinley's
actions.

b. Policies implemented
- The Japanese military has expressed an increasing interest in strengthening
relations with the archipelago and supporting the notion of a sovereign Philippines.
Simultaneously, the Japanese Empire's national policy adopted an aspirational pan-
Asianist worldview. Eventually, the official concept of 'Returning to Asia' supplanted
the strategy of 'Leaving Asia.' In 1940, this policy change was reflected by two
proclamations: Konoe's "The New Order in East Asia" in 1938 and Foreign Minister
Matsuoka Ysuke's "The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere." According to Miwa
Kimitada, the Dai-Ajia Kykai impacted the former statement, but the Shwa Kenkykai's
scientific approach shaped Matsuoka's idea of the GEACPS.

- With the signing of the Treaty of Paris on December 10, 1898, the United States legally
seized the Philippines from Spain. On December 21, 1898, the United States imposed
military control in the Philippines. On January 5, 1899, Filipino patriot Emilio Aguinaldo
declared the Philippines independent. On January 23, 1899, Emilio Aguinaldo founded a
rebel government in Malolos, and he was chosen president of the insurgent
government. On February 4, 1899, US government forces and Filipinos battled in
Manila. On May 18, 1899, US government forces gained possession of Jolo, a small
island off the coast of Sulu. President McKinley formed the Philippine Commission in
January 1899 to gather information about the islands different populations, their
legislative demands, and how best to maintain order, peace, and the general welfare.

c. Impact to the Filipinos

- During World War II, the Japanese wrested control of the Philippines from the
Americans. This occurred from 1941 to 1945, when the US was able to reclaim control
of the country. The United States abandoned power after reclaiming sovereignty
fulfilling its vow to offer the Philippines complete independence. The Japanese were
only in the Philippines for a brief time they didn't leave anything that was firmly
assimilated into Filipino culture. However, throughout their stay in the Philippines they
made significant changes to the way things were done. The Philippines way of life was
unaffected by Japan. When the Japanese left the Filipinos returned to life as it had
been before the Japanese arrived. Years would pass before the Japanese began to
have an impact on Filipino culture. Their impact in the Philippines is now quite strong.
But it wasn't always the case. Today technology such as karaoke, videoke and
cameras is the most visible Japanese impact on Filipino society.

- On July 4, 1946, the Philippines declared their independence from the US. The
connection between Americans and Filipinos is today quite positive and cordial. On
their jeepneys, Filipinos frequently fly American flags or sing "God Bless the USA." The
United States has a huge effect in the Philippines due to Filipino culture's influence on
American culture. Liberty of religion People in the Philippines were granted the option
to join any religion they wanted after the country was taken over by the US. There is no
payment for education. The notion of free education was brought to the Philippines by
Americans. English began to be taught in schools at this time, and it is now the official
language of the United States. During this time, English began to be taught in schools,
and instructors interacted in this language. Even today, the vast majority of Filipinos
are unable to avoid using English vocabulary in their speech. The term "taglish" has
been embedded in the culture.
 References
• Wikipedia contributors. (2021a, October 20). Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere.

Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_East_Asia_Co-Prosperity_Sphere

• Wikipedia contributors. (2021b, November 16). Japanese occupation of the Philippines.

Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_the_Philippines

• Milestones: 1899–1913 - Office of the Historian. (n.d.). *.

https://history.state.gov/milestones/1899-1913/war

• The Occupation of the Philippines. (n.d.). *.

https://brill.com/view/book/9789004305724/B9789004305724_005.xml

• The Philippines, 1898–1946 | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives.

(n.d.). *. https://history.house.gov/Exhibitions-and-Publications/APA/Historical-

Essays/Exclusion-and-Empire/The-Philippines/

• Japanese Influence on the Philippines. (n.d.). Lifey. http://lifey.org/japanese-influence-

on-the-philippines/

• America’s Influence in the Philippines. (n.d.). Lifey. http://lifey.org/americas-influence-

in-the-philippines/