Al-Alamein International University

Faculty of engineering

Mechanics

The Types of Steel Building Structures (Trusses & Frames)

Abstract
The steel framework Buildings are structures with a load-bearing structure built of structural
steel. The primary structure is commonly made up of section steel and steel plate beams,
columns, trusses, and other components. The secondary structure is made up of purlins, bracing,
and tie-beams composed of C-shaped steel, round steel, and angle steel. They constitute a full
building when combined with the enclosing structure, such as the roof, floor, and wall. Hot-rolled
angle steel, channel steel, I-beam, H-shaped steel, and steel pipes are all examples of building
steel. Steel structure buildings are those that have a load-bearing structure comprised of steel
components. The types of steel building structures and their classsifications are presented in this
report

Supervised by :
Prof. Dr/ Farouk Elbarki

Fatin Hany Mohamed

Academic no: 21100432
Classification of steel structure buildings
1- Large-span structure

The greater the proportion of the structure's weight in the load, the
higher the span. Reducing the structure's self-weight will have clear
economic benefits. Steel structures have the advantages of being
both strong and light, making them ideal for large-span
constructions. Steel structures are therefore commonly employed in
large-span space constructions and long-span bridge structures.

2- Industrial workshop building

Steel structure is commonly used as the major load-bearing

framework in workshops with a significant crane lifting capability or a
heavy workload. Furthermore, steel structures are frequently used in
radiant heat workshops.

3- Multi-story and high-rise buildings

Steel structures have been widely employed in various and high-rise

civil buildings in recent years due to their superior complete benefits. A
multi-layer frame, frame-bracing structure, Framed-tube structure,
suspended structure, Mega Frame structure, and other components
make up its structure.

4- Towering structure

Towers and mast structures, such as those for high-voltage

transmission lines, broadcasting, telecommunication, and television
transmission, and rocket (satellite) transmission towers, are examples of
towering structures.

5- Detachable structure

The steel construction is not only light in weight, but also connects
using bolts or other easy-to-disassemble mechanisms. It's ideal for
relocating buildings like construction sites, oil fields, and the skeletons
of production and dwelling homes that need fieldwork.
 6- Containers and other structures

Container structures are widely used in the petroleum and chemical

industries. Oil tanks, gas tanks, blast furnaces, and hot blast stoves are just a
few examples. Other steel structures commonly employed include belt steel
corridor trestles, pipeline supports, boiler supports, and other steel
structures. Steel constructions are also used on most offshore oil production
sites.

7- Lightweight steel structure buildings

the lightweight steel structure is not only beneficial to the large-span

structure but also advantageous to the small-span structure with particularly
light roof live load. Because when the live roof load is particularly light, the
self-weight of the small-span structure also becomes an essential factor.

8- The combined structure of steel and concrete

Steel components and plates must meet the stability requirements when they
compressed, and they often cannot fully exert the high strength. Concrete is
most suitable for compression and not suitable for tension. Use steel and
concrete together to make the two materials fully develop. It is a very
reasonable structure. [1]

The type of steel building structures

1- portal rigid steel frame

The major force-bearing components of the portal steel frame are hot-rolled or welded section
steel, cold-formed C/Z steel, and steel pipe, with a light roof and wall structure. The most
frequent type of light steel construction is the portal frame. The rigid portal frame is a structure
with firmly attached beams and columns. It has a basic structure, is lightweight, has a low stress
level, and is easy to produce. As a result, it's common in industrial, commercial, agricultural, and
institutional structures.
 1.1 The composition of Portal Steel Frame Buildings

a. Primary framing: transverse rigid frames (including middle and

end rigid framing), floor beams, crane beams, support systems,
etc.
b. Secondary framing: roof purlin and wall girt, etc.
c. Envelope structure: roof and wall panels;
d. Auxiliary structures: stairs, platforms, handrails, etc .
e. Foundation.

2- frame structure

Steel beams and columns support the steel frame structure,

which can sustain vertical and horizontal loads. To build a
flexible arrangement and produce more space, columns, beams,
bracing, and other parts are firmly or hingedly joined. Multi-story,
high-rise, and super-high-rise skyscrapers, commercial office
buildings, conference centers, and other structures all employ it.

3- truss structure

The steel truss construction is made up of many rods that are

hinged at both ends. There are two types of trusses: plane truss
and space truss. Tube truss and angle steel truss are the two
types of truss that may be found in the parts section. The upper
chord, lower chord, vertical rod, diagonal web, and inter-truss
support make form the truss. Trusses require less steel than
solid web beams, have a less structural weight, and are more
stiff.

4- grid structure

The grid structure is made up of several rods that are arranged in a

precise pattern and have low space stress, great stiffness, and good
seismic resistance. It serves as a gymnasium, an exhibition hall, and
an aircraft hangar.[2], [3]

References
[1] “Steel Structure Buildings, Metal Building Kits, Havit Steel.” https://havitsteelstructure.com/steel-structure-buildings-detail/ (accessed Jan. 28, 2022).

[2] “steel grid 2 | Free stock photos - Rgbstock - Free stock images | sundstrom | February - 16 - 2010 (22).”
https://www.rgbstock.com/photo/mif6n4M/steel+grid+2 (accessed Jan. 28, 2022).

[3] “Steel Building Structures,Type of Steel Structure Building.” https://havitsteelstructure.com/type-steel-building-structures/ (accessed Jan. 28, 2022).