Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ZAMBALES
Zone 6, Iba, Zambales
Tel./Fax No. (047) 602 1391
E-mail Address: zambales@deped.gov.ph
website: www.depedzambales.ph

Name: ______________________________________ Grade/Section__________

School: _____________________________________ Date: __________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

MATHEMATICS 8
Quarter I – Week 1

I. Introduction

Have you encountered dividing something into equal pieces,

exchanging money, comparing prices, understanding time or making
calculations during travel? If yes, you are actually applying factoring
in the real thing. So let us explore more about factoring on this lesson.

II. Learning Competency

Factors completely different types of polynomials (polynomials

with common monomial factor, difference of two squares, sum and
difference of two cubes, perfect square trinomials, and general
trinomials) (M8AL-Ia-b-1).

III. Objectives

At the end of this learning activity sheet, you are expected to:

1. recall on finding the Greatest Common Factor (GCF) of an

expression using prime factorization;
2. identify perfect and not perfect square trinomials; and
3. perform different rules and techniques including patterns and
concepts on special products in factoring different kinds of
polynomials.

1
IV. Discussion

Factoring is the reverse process of multiplication. When a

number or a polynomial is factored, it is rewritten as a product of two
or more factors. Factoring is a technique used in solving quadratic
equations, simplifying rational expressions, and graphing quadratic
functions.
Recall that a composite number can always be expressed as a
product of prime factors, and such process of factoring is called prime
factorization.
Examples of prime factorization for integers are:
13=1∙ 13
70=2∙ 5 ∙7
180=2∙ 2∙ 3 ∙3 ∙ 5∨22 ∙3 2 ∙ 5
3
750=2∙ 3 ∙5 ∙ 5∙ 5∨2∙ 3 ∙5
Note: 22 ∙ 32 ∙5 and 2 ∙3 ∙ 53 are in exponential forms.

A prime number is a number whose only factors are 1 and itself.

A composite number is a number that can be expressed as a product

of two or more numbers.

Like integers, a monomial can also be expressed as a product of

prime numbers and variables with no exponent greater than 1.
Examples of prime factorization for monomials are:
2
96 a b=2 ∙2 ∙ 2∙ 2∙ 2 ∙3 ∙ a ∙ a∙ b
130 x 3 y 2 z =2∙ 5 ∙13 ∙ x ∙ x ∙ x ∙ y ∙ y ∙ z
2
325( mn) =5 ∙5 ∙ 13∙ m ∙m ∙n ∙ n

Prime factorization is a very useful process in the study of

algebra and in solving many problems. It is used particularly in
finding the greatest common factor of two or more integers.

Greatest Common Factor (GCF)

The greatest common factor is the largest number that a set of

numbers or polynomials have in common.

Example 1: Find the greatest common factor of 84 and 120.

Solution: Express each as a product of prime factors.
84=2 ∙2 ∙ 3∙ 7
120=2∙ 2∙ 2 ∙3 ∙ 5
The common factors of 84 and 120 are 2, 2, and 3.

2
 Thus, the greatest common factor is 2 ∙2 ∙ 3∨12 .
Example 2: Find the GCF of 14 x 2 y 2 , 18 xy ,∧2 x 3 y 3 .
Solution: Express each as a product of prime factors.
2 2
14 x y =2∙ 7 ∙ x ∙ x ∙ y ∙ y
18 xy=2 ∙3 ∙ 3 ∙3 ∙ x ∙ y
3 3
2 x y =2 ∙ x ∙ x ∙ x ∙ y ∙ y ∙ y
The common factors are 2, x, and y.
Thus, the GCF is 2 ∙ x ∙ y ∨2 xy .

Example 3: Find the GCF of 18 a3 b2 c 3 ,30 a 2 b c 2 ,∧54 a2 b 3 c2 .

Solution: Express each as a product of prime factors.
18 a3 b2 c 3=2 ∙3 ∙ 3 ∙a 2 ∙ a ∙ b ∙b ∙ c 2 ∙ c
2 2 2 2
30 a b c =2 ∙3 ∙ 5 ∙ a ∙ b ∙ c
54 a 2 b 3 c 2=2 ∙ 3∙ 32 ∙ a2 ∙ b ∙ b2 ∙ c 2
Since the prime factors are in exponential form, we will
get all common factors with the highest value (that is with
the highest exponent). So the common factors are
2 2
2 , 3 , a , b ,∧c .
Thus, the GCF is 2 ∙3 ∙ a2 ∙b ∙ c 2∨6 a2 b c2 .

If all terms of a given expression have a common monomial

factor, the given expression can be expressed as a product of the
common monomial factor and the quotient obtained when the given
expression is divided by the common monomial factor (CMF).

Factoring by using the Common Monomial Factor (CMF)

Step 1: Find the greatest common factor of the terms in the

polynomial. This is the first factor.

Step 2: Divide each term by the GCF to get the other factor.

Example 1: Factor the expression 3 a+6.

Solution
Step 1: Determine the GCF of the terms.
3 a=3 ∙ a
6=3 ∙2
Thus, the GCF is 3. This is the first factor.
Step 2: Divide each term by 3.
3a 6
+ =a+2
3 3
Thus, the second factor is a+ 2.

3
 Therefore:
3 a+6 = 3 ( a+2 ) .
Example 2: Factor the expression 7 b5 −14 b 4 +35 b3 .
Solution
Step 1: Determine the GCF of the terms.
7 b5 =7 ∙b 3 ∙ b2
4 3
14 b =7 ∙ 2 ∙b ∙ b
35 b3 =7 ∙5 ∙ b3
Thus, the GCF is 7 ∙ b3∨7 b 3. This is the first factor.
Step 2: Divide each term by 7 b3 .
7 b5 14 b4 35 b3 2
− + =b −2b +5
7 b3 7 b3 7 b3
Thus, the second factor is b 2−2 b+5.
Therefore:
5 4 3 3 2
7 b −14 b +35 b = 7 b ( b −2 b+5).

Example 3: Factor the expression 15 x 2 y 3 +12 x 3 y 2−27 x 3 y 3 .

Solution
Step 1: Determine the GCF of the terms.
15 x 2 y 3=3 ∙ 5 ∙ x 2 ∙ y 2 ∙ y
3 2 2 2 2
12 x y =2 ∙3 ∙ x ∙ x ∙ y
27 x 3 y 3 =3∙ 32 ∙ x 2 ∙ x ∙ y 2 ∙ y
Thus, the GCF is 3 ∙ x 2 ∙ y 2∨3 x 2 y 2. This is the first factor.
Step 2: Divide each term by 3 x 2 y 2.
15 x 2 y 3 12 x 3 y 2 27 x 3 y 3
+ − =5 y +4 x−9 xy
3 x2 y2 3 x2 y2 3 x2 y2
Thus, the second factor is 5 y +4 x −9 xy .
Therefore:
2 3 3 2 3 3 2 2
15 x y +12 x y −27 x y = 3 x y (5 y +4 x −9 xy) .

When a binomial consists of two perfect squares separated by a

minus sign, we have an expression that can be factored by reversing
the multiplication process under special products.
The difference between the two squares can be factored into the
product of the sum and the difference of the square roots of the
squares.

Factoring the Difference of Two Squares

Step 1: Get the principal square root of each of the squares.

Step 2: Using these square roots, form two factors, one a sum,

4
 and the other a difference.

Formula:
A2−B2 =( A +B )( A−B )
Example 1: Factor (x 2−16).
Solution
Step 1: Get the square root of each term.
First term: √ x 2=x
Second term: √ 16=4
Step 2: Using the formula A2−B2 =( A +B )( A−B ),
let A=x∧B=4 then substitute.
( A+ B ) ( A−B )= ( x + 4 ) ( x−4 ) .
Therefore:
( x 2−16 )= ( x +4 )( x−4 ) .

Example 2: Factor (9 m2−49 n2) .

Solution
Step 1: Get the square root of each term.
First term: √ 9 m2=3 m
Second term: √ 49 n2 =7 n
Step 2: Using the formula A2−B2 =( A +B )( A−B ),
let A=3 m∧B=7 n then substitute.
( A+ B ) ( A−B )= ( 3 m+7 n )( 3 m−7 n ) .
Therefore:
(9 m 2−49 n2) = ( 3 m+ 7 n ) ( 3 m−7 n ) .

8 1
Example 3: Factor (25 a − ).
16
Solution
Step 1: Get the square root of each term.

First term: √ 25 a8=5 a4

Second term:
√ 1 1
=
16 4

Step 2: Using the formula A2−B2 =( A +B )( A−B ),

4 1
let A=5 a ∧B= then substitute.
4

(
( A+ B ) ( A−B )= 5 a 4 +
1
4 )( 1
5 a4 − .
4 )
Therefore:

5
 (25 a 8−
1
16 (
) = 5 a4+
1
4)( 1
)
5 a 4− .
4

This time, a binomial consists of two perfect cubes separated by

a
minus or a plus sign, we have an expression that can be factored by
reversing the multiplication process under special products.

Factoring the Sum and Difference of Two Cubes

Step 1: Get the cube root of each of the cubes.

Step 2: Using the operation between the cubes, obtain a binomial

factor using the cube roots in step 1.

Step 3: Form the second trinomial factor as follows:

a. Square the first cube root.

b. Multiply the two cube roots.
c. Square the second root.

For the sum of cubes, the terms of the trinomial have alternating
signs. For the difference of cubes, the terms of the trinomial are
all positive.

Formulas:
A3 + B3=( A+ B ) ( A2 −AB+ B2 )
A −B =( A−B ) ( A + AB +B )
3 3 2 2

Example 1: Factor (d 3 +8) .

Solution
Step 1: Get the cube root of each term.
First term: √3 d 3=d
Second term: √3 8=2
Step 2: Since the operation between the cubes is addition and
the cube roots are d and 2, therefore the binomial
represented by ( A+ B ) substituting the values of
A=d∧B=2 will gave us the first factor ( d +2 ) .
Step 3: For the second factor represented by ( A2 −AB + B2 ) with
alternating signs ¿ where A=d∧B=2 ;
2 2 2
A = ( d ) =d

6
 AB=( d ) ( 2 )=2 d
2 2
B =(2) =4
Thus, the trinomial which is the second factor
represented by ( A2 −AB+ B2 ) will gave us ( d 2−2d + 4 ) .
Therefore:
By using the first formula A3 + B3=( A+ B ) ( A2 −AB + B2 ),
(d +8) = ( d +2 ) ( d 2−2d + 4 ) .
3

Example 2: Factor (8 k 3−27) .

Solution
Step 1: Get the cube root of each term.
First term: √3 8 k 3=2 k
Second term: √3 27=3
Step 2: Since the operation between the cubes is subtraction
and the cube roots are 2k and 3, therefore the binomial
represented by ( A−B ) substituting the values of
A=2 k∧B=3 will gave us the first factor ( 2 k−3 ) .
Step 3: For the second factor represented by ( A2 + AB +B 2 ) with
all signs positive ¿ where A=2 k∧B=3 ;
2 2 2
A = ( 2k ) =4 k
AB=( 2 k ) ( 3 )=6 k
2 2
B =(3) =9
Thus, the trinomial which is the second factor
represented by ( A2 + AB+B 2 ) will gave us ( 4 k 2 +6 k+ 9 ) .
Therefore:
By using the second formula A3 −B3 =( A−B ) ( A2 + AB+B 2) ,
(8 k 3−27) = ( 2 k−3 ) ( 4 k 2 +6 k+ 9 ) .

Example 3: Factor (x 3 y 6 +125 z 3 ).

Solution: This time let us make it simple.

Step 1: Get the cube root of each term.

3 6
2
First term: √ x 3 y 6=x 3 ∙ y 3 =x1 ∙ y 2 =¿ x y
3

3
Second term: √ 125 z =√125 ∙ z
3 3 3 3
=5∙ z 1=5 z

Step 2: By looking on the operation between the cubes which is

addition, with the use of the first formula, we will
substitute the values of A=x y 2∧B=5 z .

7
 A3 + B3=( A+ B ) ( A2 −AB+ B2 ) ; where A=x y 2∧B=5 z

[ ( x y ) +( 5 z ) ] =( x y +5 z )[ ( x y ) −( x y ) (5 z ) +( 5 z ) ]
2 3 3 2 2 2 2 2

¿ ( x y +5 z ) ( x y −5 x y z +25 z )
2 2 4 2 2

Therefore:

( x 3 y 6+125 z 3 )= ( x y 2 +5 z )( x 2 y 4−5 x y 2 z +25 z 2)

Example 4: Factor 8( a+b)3−27

Solution

Step 1: Get the cube root of each term.

3
First term:√3 8 ( a+b )3=√3 8 ∙ ( a+b ) 3

1
¿ 2 ( a+b ) =2(a+ b)

Second term: √3 27=3

Step 2: Use the second formula.

A3 −B3 =( A−B ) ( A2 + AB+B 2) ; where A=2(a+ b)∧B=3

3
8( a+b) −27 ¿ [ 2 ( a+b ) ] −( 3 )3
3

¿ [ 2 ( a+b )−3 ] [ 2 ( a+ b ) +2 ∙3 ( a+ b ) +3 ]
2 2 2

¿ [ 2 ( a+b )−3 ] [ 4 ( a+b ) +6 ( a+ b ) +9 ]

2

¿ ( 2 a+2 b−3 ) ( 4 a2+ 8 ab+ 4 b2 +6 a+ 6 b+9 )

Therefore:

8(a+b) −27 ¿ ( 2 a+2 b−3 ) ( 4 a2+ 8 ab+ 4 b2 +6 a+ 6 b+9 )

3

Before having factoring perfect and not perfect square

trinomials,
let us try to find their differences given the table below.

8
 PERFECT SQUARE NOT PERFECT SQUARE
TRINOMIALS TRINOMIALS
2 2
y +8 y +16 b −7 b−18
2 2 2
16 x −72 xy + 81 y 3 p +7 p+ 2
6 4 3 2 2 2
36 m n −36 m n +9 4 x −6 xy+ 9 y

Observe that on the given perfect square trinomials, the first

and
last terms are perfect squares and the middle term is twice the
product
of the square roots of the first and the last (regardless of the sign).

In y 2 +8 y +16, √ y 2 is y while √ 16 is 4 , and 2 ( y ∙ 4 )=8 y , the middle

term.
In 16 x 2−72 xy + 81 y 2, √ 16 x2 is 4 x while √ 81 y 2 is 9 y , and
2 ( 4 x ∙9 y ) =72 xy , the middle term.

In 36 m6 n4 −36 m3 n2 +9 , √ 36 m 6 n 4 is 6 m 3 n2 while √ 9 is 3, and

2 ( 6 m n ∙ 3 )=36 m n , the middle term.
3 2 3 2

While on the given not perfect square trinomials, the first and
last terms are not perfect squares but if they are, the middle term is
NOT twice the product of the square roots of the first and the last
(regardless of the sign).

In b 2−7 b−18, b 2 is a perfect square but 18 is not.

In 3 p2 +7 p+ 2, 3 p2 and 2 are both not perfect squares.

In 4 x2 −6 xy+ 9 y 2, √ 4 x 2 is 2 x while √ 9 y 2 is 3 y , but 2 ( 2 x ∙3 y )=¿

12 xy, which is NOT the middle term.

Another concern is how to find missing terms of a perfect

square trinomial. Let us take the following examples:

Directions: Find the missing term in each of the following to make them a
perfect square trinomial.

Example 1: 49 x 2 +¿ +25 y 2
Solution: Since the given is a perfect square trinomial and the
middle term is twice the product of the square roots of

9
 the first and the last terms.
√ 49 x 2 is 7 x while √ 25 y 2 is 5 y , and 2 ( 7 x ∙5 y ) =70 xy .
Therefore, the perfect square trinomial is 49 x 2 +70 xy+ 25 y 2 .

Example 2: ¿¿ z 2 +9 z 4
Solution: To find the first term, we will divide the middle term
by
twice the square root of the last term then we will
square it.

2
78 z
√ 9 z 4 is 3 z 2 and 2∙ 3 z 2
=13 thus, the first term is ( 13 )2=169

Therefore, the perfect square trinomial is 169−78 z 2 +9 z 4 .

You are now ready for the next factoring technique.

Factoring Perfect Square Trinomials

Step 1: Get the square roots of the first and last terms.

Step 2: Check if the given is a perfect square trinomial.

Step 3: Use the sign of the middle term between these roots.

Step 4: Square the binomial obtained in step number 3.

.
Formulas:
2 2 2
A +2 AB + B = ( A+ B ) ∨( A + B )( A+ B )

2 2 2
A −2 AB +B =( A−B ) ∨( A−B ) ( A−B )

Note: If the given is not a perfect square trinomial then you cannot use
this factoring technique (either other way or not factorable).

Example 1: Factor (x 2+ 20 x +100).

Solution
Step 1: Get the square roots of the first and last term.
First term: √ x 2=x
Last term: √ 100=10
Step 2: Check if the given is a perfect square trinomial. The
middle term is twice the product of the square roots of

10
 the first and the last terms, regardless of the sign.
2 ( x ∙ 10 )=20 x thus, the given is a perfect square
trinomial.
Step 3: The sign of the middle term which is positive, so we will
be using the first formula. The binomial is ( x +10 ) .
Step 4: Square the binomial. That is, ( x +10 )2 .

Therefore:
( x 2 +20 x+100 )=( x +10 )2∨( x +10 ) (x +10)

Example 2: Factor (9 p2−48 pq +64 q 2) .

Solution
Step 1: Get the square roots of the first and last term.
First term: √ 9 p2=3 p
Last term: √ 64 q 2=8 q
Step 2: Check if the given is a perfect square trinomial. The
middle term is twice the product of the square roots of
the first and the last terms, regardless of the sign.
2 ( 3 p ∙ 8 q ) =48 pq thus, the given is a perfect square
trinomial.
Step 3: The sign of the middle term which is negative, so we will
be using the second formula. The binomial is ( 3 p−8 q ) .
Step 4: Square the binomial. That is, ( 3 p−8 q )2 .

Therefore:
( 9 p2−48 pq +64 q 2 )=( 3 p−8 q )2∨( 3 p−8 q ) (3 p−8 q)

4 2 25 2
Example 3: Factor (36 a −15 a b+ b ).
16
Solution
Step 1: Get the square roots of the first and last term.
First term: √ 36 a 4=6 a 2
Last term:
√
25 2 5
16
b= b
4
Step 2: Check if the given is a perfect square trinomial. The
middle term is twice the product of the square roots of
the first and the last terms, regardless of the sign.

( 5
)
2 6 a2 ∙ b =15 a 2 b thus, the given is a perfect square
4
trinomial.
Step 3: The sign of the middle term which is negative, so we will

11
 2 5
(
be using the second formula. The binomial is 6 a − b .
4 )
2
(
5 2
Step 4: Square the binomial. That is, 6 a − b .
4 )
Therefore:

( ) ( )
2
4 2 25 2 2 5 2 5 2 5
(36 a −15 a b+ b )= 6 a − b ∨ 6 a − b (6 a − b)
16 4 4 4

Factoring Not Perfect Square Trinomials

In this type of factoring technique, we will divide into two parts:

A. Factoring Trinomials of the Form ax 2 +bx +c , where a=1.

B. Factoring Trinomials of the Form ax 2 +bx +c , where a ≠ 1.

Note: We can interchange the position of the factors in our final

answers.
That is done by using the Commutative Property of Equality.
A. Factoring Trinomials of the Form ax 2 +bx +c , where a=1.

Step 1: Find the factors of c whose sum equals the coefficient b .

Step 2: Using the form ¿ ¿, fill this up with the two

factors found in step 1.

Example 1: Factor x 2−7 x−18

Solution
Step 1: In x 2−7 x−18 , c=−18 ,∧b=−7.List all the possible
factors of −18 then find the sum of each pair of factors.

Factors of −18 Sum of factors

( 1 ) (−18) ( 1 ) + (−18 )=−17
( 2 ) (−9) ( 2 ) + (−9 )=−7
( 3 ) (−6) ( 3 ) +(−6)=−3
( 6 )(−3) ( 6 )+ (−3 )=3
( 9 ) (−2) ( 9 ) + (−2 )=7
( 18 ) (−1) ( 18 ) + (−1 )=17

Step 2: The factors that give a sum of b=−7 are 2 and −9 .

12
 Therefore:

x 2−7 x−18=( x+2 ) ( x−9 )∨( x−9 ) ( x+ 2 ) by Commutative Property

Example 2: Factor t 2+ t−6

Solution
Step 1: In t 2+ t−6 , c=−6 ,∧b=1.List all the possible
factors of −6 then find the sum of each pair of factors.

Factors of −6 Sum of factors

( 1 ) (−6) ( 1 ) + (−6 )=−5
( 2 ) (−3) ( 2 ) + (−3 ) =−1
( 3 ) (−2) ( 3 ) +(−2)=1
( 6 )(−1) ( 6 )+ (−1 )=5

Step 2: The factors that give a sum of b=1 are 3 and −2 .

Therefore:

t 2+ t−6=( t +3 ) ( t −2 )∨( t −2 ) ( t +3 ) by Commutative Property

Example 3: Factor p2 +6 pq−16 q2
Solution
2 2
Step 1: In p +6 pq−16 q , c=−16 q ,∧b=6 q
2
( use the second
variable
. )
List all the possible factors of −16 q 2 then find the sum
of each pair of factors.

Factors of −16 q 2 Sum of factors

( q ) (−16 q) ( q )+ (−16 q ) =−15 q
( 2 q ) (−8 q) ( 2 q ) + (−8 q )=−6 q
( 4 q ) (−4 q ) ( 4 q ) + (−4 q )=0
( 8 q ) (−2 q) ( 8 q )+(−2 q)=6 q
( 16 q ) (−q) ( 16 q )+ (−q ) =15 q

Step 2: The factors that give a sum of b=6 q are 8 q and −2 q .

Therefore:
p2 +6 pq−16 q2=( p+8 q ) ( p−2 q ) ∨( p−2 q ) ( p +8 q ) .

B. Factoring Trinomials of the Form ax 2 +bx +c , where a ≠ 1.

13
 Step 1: List all factors of a and c .

Step 2: Try and check combinations of the factors of a and c

until the correct middle term, bx , is obtained.

Example 1: Factor 8 y 2−10 y +3

Solution
Step 1: Using guess-and-check method, list all possible factors
of a=8∧c=3 . Then test which of these pairs of
factors will give the coefficient of the middle term.

Factors of 8 :± 8 , ± 4 , ±2 , ±1

Factors of 3 :± 3 ,± 1

Step 2: The sign of c will reduce the number of possible

factors. Since c >0 , the second terms of the binomial
factors must have the same sign. See table below.

Possible Factors Outer Inner Sum of the

of 8 y 2−10 y +3 terms Terms Products
(8 y +3)( y +1) 8y 3y 11 y
(8 y−3)( y−1) −8 y −3 y −11 y
(8 y +1)( y +3) 24 y y 25 y
(8 y−1)( y −3) −24 y −y −25 y
( 4 y +3)(2 y +1) 4y 6y 10 y
(4 y−3)(2 y−1) −4 y −6 y −10 y
( 4 y +1)(2 y +3) 12 y 2y 14 y
(4 y−1)(2 y−3) −12 y −2 y −14 y

The factors that give the middle term −10 y are

( 4 y−3 ) ∧( 2 y −1 ) .
Therefore:
8 y −10 y +3=¿ ( 4 y−3 ) ( 2 y−1 )∨( 2 y−1 ) ( 4 y −3 ) .
2

Example 2: Factor 2 w2 +11 w+12

Solution
Step 1: Using guess-and-check method, list all possible factors
of a=2∧c=12. Then test which of these pairs of

14
 factors will give the coefficient of the middle term.

Factors of 2 :±2

Factors of 12 :±12 , ±6 ,± 4 ,± 3 , ±2 , ± 1

Step 2: Since c >0 and the middle term is positive, the second
terms of the binomial factors must have the same +
sign.
The table below shows on Trial 3, we obtained the
middle
term which is 11 w from the factors ( 2 w+3 )∧( w+ 4).

Trial Factors Factors of Trinomial Middle Term

1 1 ,12 ( 2 w+1 ) ( w+12) 25 w
2 6,2 ( 2 w+6 ) (w+ 2) 10 w
3 3,4 ( 2 w+3 ) (w+ 4) 11 w

Note: The number of trials depend on the moment you

already got the middle value of the given.
Therefore:
2 w +11 w+12 ¿ ( 2 w+3 )( w+4 )∨( w+4 ) ( 2 w+3 ) .
2

Example 3: Factor 3 j 2−10 jk−8 k 2

Solution
Step 1: To factor this kind of trinomial, we will start on its
numerical coefficients, since j 2 ∧k 2 are both perfect
squares, we will just get their factors and to be added to
our possible factors later. For now, let us find first the
list of possible factors of a=3∧c=8

Factors of 3 :± 3

Factors of 8 :± 8 , ± 4 , ±2 , ±1

Step 2: Since c <0 and the middle term is negative, the second
terms of the binomial factors must have different signs
(one is positive and the other is negative).

Possible Factors Outer Inner Sum of the

of 3 j 2−10 jk−8 k 2 terms Terms Products

15
 (3 j+8 k)( j−k ) −3 jk 8 jk 5 jk

(3 j−8 k )( j+k ) 3 jk −8 jk −5 jk

(3 j+ k)( j−8 k ) −24 jk jk −23 jk

(3 j−k )( j+8 k ) 24 jk − jk 23 jk

(3 j+ 4 k )( j−2 k ) −6 jk 4 jk −2 jk

(3 j−4 k)( j+2 k ) 6 jk −4 jk 2 jk

(3 j+2 k )( j−4 k ) −12 jk 2 jk −10 jk

(3 j−2 k)( j+4 k ) 12 jk −2 jk 10 jk

The factors that give the middle term −10 jk are

(3 j+2 k )∧( j−4 k).

Therefore:
2 2
3 j −10 jk−8 k =¿ (3 j+2 k )( j−4 k )∨( j−4 k )(3 j+2 k ).

V. Activities

Answer the corresponding activity each day by following the

given directions.

Day 1

A. Find the greatest common factor (GCF) of each group of numbers.

1. 14 , 24 4. 32 , 40 , 56

2. 35 , 49 5. 174 , 216 , 162

3. 144 , 126

B. Determine the common monomial factor of each set of monomials.

1. 15 j 2 k 2, 21 j 3 k 3

2. 24 r s2, 32 r 2 s

3. 18 x y 3, 54 x 2 y 2

16
 4. 50 a5 b 4 c3 , 35 a2 b3 c 5

5. 144 m6 n3, 48 m 8 n5, 96 m4 n 4

Day 2

A. Supply the missing factor to make the following statements true.

1. 2 x+ 4 y =¿ ¿

2. 4 w3 −28 w=¿ ¿

3. 10 q3 r 2 s 4 −15 q2 r 3 s 4=5 q 2 r 2 s 4 (¿ ¿ )

4. 36 b3 −24 b 2+8 b=¿ ¿

5. 7 m 4 n4 + 35 m5 n5 +105 m 6 n6=7 m 4 n 4 (¿¿ )

B. Factor out each of the given polynomials to get the code to be used in
finding the answer to this question:
What is the only metal that’s not a solid at room temperature?

POLYNOMIALS FACTORS (write here)

2 2 2 2 2
C 28 a b c + 21 a b c −14 abc

Y 3 a2 ( 2 b−5 c ) +15 a(2b−5 c)

4 3 2
M 12 a −8 a −4 a
4 5 2
R 18 a b c−6 a b

E 12 a+20 b+32 c
3 2 2 2 3 2
U 9 a b +21 a b +6 a b +12 a b

17
 Decode the
FACTORS (choices)
letters here
2 2
4 a (3 a −2 a−1)
4 (3 a+ 5b +8 c)

6 a b 2 ( 3 a 3 b 3 c −1 )

7 abc (4 abc +3 ac−2)

2 2
3 a b (3 a + 7 a+2 b+ 4)

6 a b 2 ( 3 a 3 b 3 c −1 )
3 a ( a+5 ) (2 b−5 c )

What is the answer to the question?

Day 3

A. Factor out each given difference of two squares.

1. 25 n2−1=¿

2. 64 a2−121 b2=¿

3. 169−4 x 2 y 2 =¿

4. 0.09−4 f 4 =¿

1 2 1 2
5. p − q =¿
36 81

B. Factor out each of the given polynomials to get the code to be used in
finding the answer to this question:
What is the only 15-letter word that can be spelled without
repeating a letter?

A B C E
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
4 x −9 y x y −z 25 x y −49 z x −81

G H I L
25 x −16 y 2
2
x −16 y 4
4
4 x −81 y 2
2
625 x −81 y 4
8

18
 N O P R
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
36 x −225 1−64 z x −100 y z 400 x −49 y

T U Y
2 2 4 2 2
9 x −196 441−x y x −324 y

Decode the
FACTORS
letters here
( 21+ x y 2) ( 21−x y 2 )
( 6 x−15 ) ( 6 x+ 15 )
( 5 xy +7 z )( 5 xy −7 z)
( 1−8 z ) (1+8 z )
( x−10 yz ) (x +10 yz)
( x +18 y ) (x−18 y)
( 20 x−7 y ) (20 x+ 7 y)
( 2 x+ 9 y )(2 x−9 y )
( 5 x+ 4 y ) (5 x−4 y )
( x−2 y )( x +2 y ) (x 2+ 4 y 2 )
( 3 x+ 14 ) (3 x−14)
( 2 x−3 y ) (2 x +3 y )
( xy + z ) (xy−z )
( 5 x −3 y ) ( 5 x 2 +3 y ) (25 x 4 +9 y 2 )
2

( x−9 ) ( x+ 9)

What is the answer to the question?

Day 4

A. Factor out each given sum and difference of two cubes.

Show your solutions.

1. h3 +216 2. 27 c 3−64

19
 3. 8 x 3−125 y 3 4. 1+729 m6

5. 8( z−1 )3−343

B. Factor out each of the given polynomials to get the code to be used in
finding the answer to this question:

What do Albert Einstein, Tom Cruise and Walt Disney have in common?

A D E I
3 3 3 3 6 6 3
8x −y 8 x + 27 y x −64 y 64 x +27

L S X Y
8 x 6−1 x y −125 z 6
3 3
8 x + 216 y 3
3
27 x −125 y 3
3

Decode the
FACTORS
letters here
( 2 x+3 y ) ( 4 x2 −6 xy+ 9 y 2 )
( 3 x−5 y ) ( 9 x 2 +15 xy +25 y 2 )

20
 ( xy−5 z 2 ) ( x 2 y 2 +5 xy z 2 +25 z 4 )
( 2 x 2−1 ) ( 4 x 4 + 2 x 2+ 1 )
( x−2 y )( x +2 y ) ( x 4 + 4 x 2 y 2+16 y 4 )
8 ( x +3 y ) ( x −3 xy +9 y )
2 2

( 4 x+3 ) ( 16 x 2−12 x+ 9 )
( 2 x− y ) ( 4 x 2 +2 xy + y 2 )

What is the answer to the question?

Day 5

A. Write YES if the given polynomial is a perfect square trinomial and

NO if not.

__________ 1. 20 e 2−32 ef +16 f 2

2 2
__________ 2. w −4 wx−x

2 2
__________ 3. a +3 ab+9 b

__________ 4. m2−2 m+ 1

4 2 4 2
__________ h + hk + k
5.
9 3
B. Factor out each of the given polynomials to get the code to be used in
finding the answer to this question:
What is the largest volcano in our solar system?

L M N O
2 2 2 2 2
6 x −x−2 4 x −11 x−3 3 x +2 xy−8 y 2 x −x−6

P S U Y
16 x + 40 xy +25 y 2
2
8 x −56 xy +98 y 2
2
x −10 x 2+25 x
3 2
x −3 x−10

Decode the
FACTORS
letters here
( 2 x+3 )( x−2 )
( 3 x−2 ) ( 2 x +1 )
( x−5 ) (x +2)

21
 ( 4 x+1 ) (x −3)
( 4 x+5 y ) ( 4 x+ 5 y)
x ( x−5 ) ( x−5)
2 ( 2 x−7 y ) (2 x−7 y )
(space)
( 4 x+1 ) (x −3)
( 2 x+3 ) (x−2)
( x +2 y ) (3 x−4 y )
2 ( 2 x−7 y ) (2 x−7 y )

What is the answer to the question?

VI. Assessment

Direction: Encircle the letter of your answer.

1. What must be added to m2 +25 to make it a perfect square

trinomial?

A. 10 m C. 4 m

B. 5m D. m

2. What is the common monomial factor of 12 x2 and 8 x 5?

2
A. 4x C. 24 x 2

B. 4 x D. 24 x 5
3. Factoring is a process of _______.

A. obtaining a product C. breaking down of a product

into its factors

B. verifying a common factor D. simplifying an algebraic

expressions

4. Which of the following is factorable?

2
A. 6 y +7 y−1 C. 9 y 2−7 y +6

B. 8 y 2− y −3 D. 6 y 2 +23 y +20

5. All of the following are perfect cubes except ______.

6 12
A. 64 x y C. 49 x 12

22
 6
B. 125 t D. 27 r 9

6. The factored form of 8 x−12 y is _______.

A. 4 (2 x−3 y) C. 8 x−12 y

B. 2( 4 x−6 y ) D. 4 (2 x+ 3 y )

7. Which of the following expressions is a difference of two squares?

2 2
A. ( x− y ) C. x −6 x +9
2 2 2
B. 4 x −8 D. x −100 y

8. 27 a 3+125 b 3 in factored form is:

A. (3 a+5 b)( 9 a2−15 ab−25 b2 ) C. (3 a+5 b)( 9 a2−15 ab+ 25 b2)

B. (3 a−5 b)(9 a2 +15 ab−25 b2 ) D. (3 a−5 b)(9 a2 −15 ab+25 b2 )

9. d 2 +7 d−18=¿ _______.

A. ( d−9 ) (d +2) C. ( d−6 ) (d +3)

B. ( d +9 )(d−2) D. ( d +6 ) (d−3)

10. Which of the following is NOT in factored form?

A. 8 ( 5 p +3 ) + x (5 p+ 3) C. ( 3 r +5 ) (5 m−1)

B. ( 8+ x ) (5 t+ 3) D. 4 x3 ( p−3 )+5 ( p+3)

11. Which of the following has (4 z+ 3) as a factor?

3
A. 64 z +27 C. 8 z 2+ 2 x−6

3
B. 16 z −81 D. 12 z3 +8 z +9

12. Factor 4a 2−8 a+3

A. ( 2 a+1 ) (2 a+3) C. ( 2 a−1 )( 2 a+3)

B. ( 2 a−1 )(2 a−3) D. ( 2 a+1 ) (2 a−3)

13. What is the value of c makes x 2−9 x +c a perfect square?

23
 9 81
A. C.
2 4

81
B. D. 9
2

14. Use the perfect square trinomial formula to factor the polynomial:

( b−2 )2 +12 ( b−2 ) +36 .

2
A. (b+ 4) C. (b+ 6)2

2
B. (b−4 ) D. (b−6)2

15. Which of the following is a perfect square trinomial?

2 2
A. g −h + 1 C. 4 h2−4 h+1

2 2 2
B. g +h +1 D. g −6 g+ 36

16. Find the missing term in the perfect square trinomial:

( q+ 12 )2=q2 + ¿ ¿.

A. 24 q C. 12 q

B. 144 q D. 6 q

17. The factored form of 9 f 2−30 f +25 is _______.

A. ( 3 f −5 ) (3 f + 5) C. (3 f + 5)2

B. (3 f −5)2 D. 9 ( f −5 ) ( f −5)

18. Which of the following is the correct form of n2 −12n+ 32?

A. ( n−8 ) (n+ 4) C. ( n+ 8 ) (n−4)

B. ( n+ 8 ) (n+ 4) D. ( n−8 ) (n−4 )

19. The factors of the expression 3 t 3 −3 t 2−18t are 3 t and _______.

A. ( t−3 ) (t +2) C. ( t+ 3 ) (t−2)

B. ( t+ 3 ) (t+ 2) D. ( t−3 ) (t−2)

20. The factored form of [ 16 ( x− y )2−56 ( x− y )+ 49 ] is _______.

24
 A. ( 4 x−4 y+ 7)2 C. ( 4 x−4 y+7 )( 4 x−4 y−7 )

B. ( 4 x−4 y−7)2 D. ( 4 x+ 4 y−7 )( 4 x +4 y −7 )

VII. Reflection

Direction: Given the different polynomials and the different factoring

techniques, match column A to column B that corresponds to what
technique we are going to use to factor the given expressions. Write
the letter of your answer on the space provided before each item.

A B

_________ 1. 8 c 3 d 6−27 e 9 f 12 a. Factoring by using the

_________ 2. 9−(a+1)2
_________ 3. 7 q 2+53 q +28
4. (10− y)2− y 10
_________ 5. 81+180 p+100 p 2
_________ 6. 2 ab+2 ax−4 ay
_________ 7. 12 w2 +5 w−3
(m+n)3 +8(m−n)3
_________ 9. 12 x 4−8 x 3−4 x 2
_________ 10. s2 t 2−22 st+121
common monomial factor
b. Factoring the difference of _________
two squares
c. Factoring the sum and
difference of two cubes
d. Factoring perfect square _________ 8.
trinomials
e. Factoring not perfect square
trinomials

VIII. References

Mathematics Learner’s Module Grade 8. 2013. Manila, Philippines:

DepEd IMCS

Unfurling Mathematics: A Work text in High School Math Grade 8. 2013.

Sta. Ana, Manila: Futurebuilder Publications, Inc.

25
 Math Essentials Elementary Algebra First Year. 2009. Panginay,
Guiguinto, Bulacan: Victorious Publications, Inc.

Math Essentials Intermediate Algebra Second Year. 2008. Panginay,

Guiguinto, Bulacan: Victorious Publications, Inc.

Elementary Algebra: Step-by-Step Approach Math I. 2007. Sampaloc,

Manila: St. Augustine Publications, Inc.

Elementary Algebra Textbook for First Year. 2009. Araneta Avenue,

Quezon City: SD Publications, Inc. DepEd NPSBE

Elementary Algebra: Next Century Mathematics First Year. 2010.

Quezon Avenue, Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc.

Algebra I Prentice Hall. 1993. Division of Simon & Schuster Englewood

Cliffs, New Jersey 07632: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/uncopyrightable

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/dyslexia

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olympus_Mons

IX. Key to Corrections

ACTIVITIES Day 3
Day 1 A.
A. 1. ( 5 n+1 ) ( 5 n−1 )∨ (5 n−1 ) (5 n+1)
1. 2 2. ( 8 a+11 b )( 8 a−11 b )∨( 8 a−11 b ) ¿)
2. 7 3. ( 13+12 xy )( 13−2 xy ) ∨( 13+12 xy ) ¿)
3. 18 4. ( 0.3+ 2 f 2 )( 0.3−2 f 2) ∨( 0.3−2 f 2 ) (0.3+ 2 f 2)
4. 8
5. 6 5. ( 16 p+ 19 q)( 16 p− 19 q)∨( 16 p− 19 q)( 16 p+ 19 q)
B.

26
 1. 3 j 2 k 2 B.
2. 8 rs U
3. 18 x y 2 N
4. 5 a2 b3 c 3 C
5. 48 m 4 n 3 O
Day 2 P
A. Y
1. 2 R
2. 4 w I
3. 2 q−3 r G
4. 4 b H
5. 1+5 mn+ 15 m2 n2 T
B. A
(first table) B
7 abc ( 4 abc +3 ac−2) L
3 a ( a+5 ) (2 b−5 c ) E
Day 4
4 a2 (3 a 2−2 a−1)
A.
6 a b 2 ( 3 a 3 b 3 c −1 ) 1. ( h+6 ) ( h2−6 h+ 36 )
4 (3 a+ 5b +8 c) 2. ( 3 c−4 ) ( 9 c 2 +12 c+16 )
3 a b2 (3 a2+ 7 a+2 b+ 4) 3. ( 2 x−5 y ) ( 4 x 2+ 10 xy +25 y 2 )
4. ( 1+9 m 2 ) ( 1−9 m2 +81 m4 )
(second table)
5. ( 2 z−9 ) ( 4 z2 +6 z +39 )
M
B.
E
R D
C Y
U S
R L
Y E
X
I
A
Day 5 ASSESSMENT
A.
1. NO
2. NO
3. NO
4. YES
5. YES
B.
O

27
L 1 A 11 A
Y 2 A 12 B
M 3 C 13 C
P 4 D 14 A
U 5 C 15 C
6 A 16 A
S
7 D 17 B
8 C 18 D
M 9 B 19 A
O 10 A 20 B
N REFLECTION
S
1 c
2 b
3 e
4 b
5 d
6 a
7 e
8 c
9 a
10 d

(For teacher’s copy only. Don’t include this part in the distribution)

Prepared by:

____________________________________
JOEBEN DM. MARCELO
Teacher - I
SUBIC NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Subic District

Note: Practice Personal Hygiene Protocols at all times.

Please include this in All Learning Activity Sheets.

28