T ADM 27

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
DIVISION OF BATANGAS
Batangas Provincial Sports Complex, Bolbok, Batangas City
Template 2: SLK Format
Self-Learning Module for Grade 11

The Process of Evolution
EARTH and LIFE SCIENCE
Introduction
Darwin’s ideas about descent with modification have given rise to the study
of phylogeny or evolutionary relationships among organisms. Biologists now
group organisms into categories that represent lines of evolutionary descent or
phylogeny, not just physical similarities. The strategy of grouping organisms
together based on their evolutionary history is called evolutionary classification
(Miller et.al, 2004).
Directions for the User

Here are some reminders to guide as you go through this module:
1. Read and follow each directions carefully;
2. Answer the pre-test before proceeding to the activity;
3. Take down notes and record points for clarification;
4. Always aim to get at least 80% of the total number of items given;
5. Be sure to answer the post test at the end of the module.
Pre-test
Directions: Read each statement and choose the letter of the correct
answer. Shade the circle that corresponds to the correct answer.
1. Evolutionary relationships among organism

A B C D a. cladogram
b. phylogeny
c. both a and b
d. None of the above
A B C D 2. Useful tool that help scientists understand how one lineage
branched from another in the course of evolution
a. cladogram
b. phylogeny
c. both a and b
3. It shows the relationship among different linages within a family.

A B C D a. Tree of Life
(043) 722-1840 / 722-1796 / 722-1437 / 722-2675 / 722-1662 (043) 723-2816  deped.batangas@deped.gov.ph  depedbatangas.org
b. Evolution
c. Family Tree
Competency : Describe how the present system of classification of organisms is

based on evolutionary relationships S11/12LT-IVfg-27
Objectives:
1. List down at least ten (10) 1st degree relatives in your mother side or father
side;
2. Identify the relationship of the listed relatives;
3. Create family tree based on phylogenetic tree concept.
Procedure / Learning Experience
A. Engage (Activity 1)
List down at least ten (10) 1st degree relatives in your mother side or father
side.
Mother Side (or Father Side)

1. ________________
2. ________________
3. ________________
4. ________________
5. ________________
6. ________________
7. ________________
8. ________________
9. ________________
10. ________________
B. Explore (Activity 2)
From the lists in Activity 1, fill up the table below and mark the relationship
to you of each.
Characteristic
Mother
Relatives Grand Aunt/
Cousin (Or Sibling
Parent Uncle Father)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
C. Explain
Phylogenetics deals with the evolutionary history of an organism. We are
able to understand how organisms are related to one another by studying the
pieces of evidence such as heritable characteristics in the DNA sequences and
structural features of certain organisms. The role of studying evolution is crucial
to understanding how organisms are grouped together.
Cladogram are useful tools that help scientists understand how one
lineage branched from another in the course of evolution. Family tree shows the
relationship among different linages within a family, a cladogram represent a type
of evolutionary tree showing evolutionary relationships among a group of
organisms
A
Ancestor of
A&B
B
Ancestor of
All
C
Ancestor of
C&D
D
Figure 3.1
Phylogenetic Tree Concept
D. Elaborate (Activity 3)
Make a family tree showing your ancestor in your mother side (or father
side) using the phylogenetic tree concept. Include the listed relatives from Activity
2.
E. Evaluate
DERIVED CHARACTERS IN ORGANISMS
Derived Character
Organism
Wings Legs Tail
Bird Present Present Present
Cat Absent Present Present
Cow Absent Present Present
Dog Absent Present Present
1. What trait separates the least closely related organism from the other
animals?
2. What trait shows the most closely related organism from the other
animals?
Reflection
Family, like branches on a tree, we all grow in different directions yet our
roots remain as one.
-Anonymous
Post-test
Directions: Read each statement and choose the letter of the correct
answer. Shade the circle that corresponds to the correct answer.
1. Tool that help scientists understand how one lineage branched from
A B C D another in the course of evolution
a. cladogram
b. phylogeny
c. both a and b
2. This states the evolutionary relationships among organism

A B C D a. cladogram
b. phylogeny
c. both a and b
3. The relationship among different linages within a family is called
A B C D __________.
a. Evolution
b. Family Tree
c. Tree of Life
e. None of the above
Answer Keys
Pre Test
1. b
2. a
3. c
Activity 1
Answers may vary
Activity 2
Answer may vary
Activity 3
Answer may vary
Evaluate
1. Wings
2. Legs and tail
Post Test
1. a
2. b
3. b
References:
Miller, K. R.. & Levine, J. (2004). Prentice Hall: Biology. New Jersey,
Pearson Education Inc.

T ADM 27

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T ADM 27

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Republic of the Philippines

Template 2: SLK Format

Self-Learning Module for Grade 11

Directions for the User

1. Evolutionary relationships among organism

3. It shows the relationship among different linages within a family.

Competency : Describe how the present system of classification of organisms is

Procedure / Learning Experience

Mother Side (or Father Side)

2. This states the evolutionary relationships among organism

Answer may vary

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