2nd engineer , answers for the 30 suggested questions OCT.

2017 – Ship Stability

Q1)
a- freeboard is the vertical distance in meter from the water line to the most upper continuous
deck at the mid ship or the mean draught marks.
b-DWA = FWA * ( density s.w - density dock ) / 25
= 160 * ( 1025 – 1014) / 25 = 70.4 mm
Dock Minimum freeboard = summer freeboard – DWA
= 2800 – 70.4 = 2729.6 mm
Initial freeboard = 3210 mm
Permitted sinkage = 3210 – 2729.6 = 480.4 mm = 48.4 cm
w = Sinkage * TPCdock
= 48.04 * ( 12 * 1014 / 1025 )
= 570.3 t

Q2)
a- Draught is the vertical distance in meter for the water line to the ship keel at the mean
draught marks
b- DWA = FWA (  s.w -  dock water ) / 25
DWA= 150 * ( 1025 – 1020 ) / 25 = 30 mm
Initially the vessel summer loadline is submerged by 10mm
Therefore the ship may further submerged by 20 mm ( 2cm ), sinkage is 2 cm
Additional cargo allowed to be loaded ( w ) = 2cm x TPC dock
TPC dock = TPC s.w * (  dock /  s.w )
= 15 * ( 1020 / 1025 ) = 14.927
w = S * TPC dock
= 2 * 14.927 = 29.85 t

Q3)
a- Reserve buoyancy is the all enclosed spaces in the ship above the water line.
b-True mean free board = ( 2420 + 2404 ) / 2 = 2412 mm
DWA = FWA * ( 1025 – 1009 ) / 25 = 190 ( 16 / 25 ) = 121.6 mm
When ship at dock water her free board will be maximum = initial free board + DWA
= 2412 + 121.6 = 2533.6 mm
Loaded sea water free board = 2310 mm ( given )
Permitted Sinkage when in dock = 2533.6 – 2310 = 223.6 mm = 22.36 cm
Cargo to load = S * TPC dock = 22.36 * { 19 * ( 1009 / 1025 ) }
= 418.2 t

1
B - KG, GM calculation

Q4)

Take moment about the Keel

Weight KG in Moment in t.m

in t m
19850 6.2 123070
250 8.3 2075
170 3.0 510
50 4.0 200
- 600 8 - 4800
-100 5 - 500
- 250 3.75 - 937.5
+250 11 2750
Wf = 19620t Mf = 122367.5
t.m

KGf = Mf / Wf
= 122367.5 / 19620
= 6.23 m

Q5)
To calculate the 
CB = C P * CM
= 0.93 * 0.862 = 0.8
 =  * CB * 
= 90 * 22 * 6.3 * 0.8 * 1.025
= 10228.68 t

Weight in t KG in Moment n t.m

m
10228.68 4.5 46029.06
540 5 2700
380 7.1 2698
- 918 6.9 - 6334.2
- 516 7 - 3612
+516 3.3 1702.8
W total = 10230.68 43183.66

2
KG f = M final / W final
= 43183.66 / 10230.68 = 4.22 m
GM = KM – KG = 4.5 – 4.22 = 0.28 m

Q6)

Take moment about the keel , let x = cargo to load on deck at Kg 12 m ,

The final KG is known = 5.8 m

Weight in t KG in m Moment in t.m

Initial  16420 5.64 92608.8
Load 1500 6.5 9750
Load 1200 5 6000
Load 900 4.2 3780
Load 1000 8.2 8200
Discharge -220 1.5 - 330
Deck x 12 12 x
cargo
20800 + x 5.8 120008.8 + 12 x

KG final = Moment final / Weight final

5.8 = ( 120008.8 + 12 x ) / ( 20800 + x )
5.8 * ( 20800+ x ) = 120008.8 + 12 x
120640 – 120008.8 = 12x – 5.8 x
631.2 = 6.2 x
X = 101.8 t

Q7)
a- centre of buoyancy this can be defined as the geometric centre of the underwater
volume of the ship and the point at which the buoyancy force (Bf) is considered to act
vertically upwards.

b-KM = KB + BM
= d/2 + ( I / V )
= d/2 + ( LB3 /12 LBd )
= d/2 + ( B2 / 12d )

3
To be continued in the next page

Draught in KB = d/2 in m BM = B2 / 12d in KM = KB +

m m BM
1 0.5 10.1 10.6
1.5 0.75 6.73 7.48
2 1 5.05 6.05
2.5 1.25 4.04 5.29
3 1.5 3.67 5.17
3.5 1.75 2.88 4.63
4 2 2.52 4.52
4.5 2.25 2.2 4.45
5 2.5 2.02 4.52
5.5 2.75 1.83 4.58
6 3 1.68 4.68

Now plot the curve

1- KM minimum = 4.45 m, and occurs at draught 4.5 m

2- Ship was unstable between draught 3.5 m to draught 5.8 m
3- At draught 2.5 m, the KM is 5.45m, Since KG is 5m , then
GM = KM – KG
= 5.45 – 5 = 0.45 m
RM =  * GZ RM =  * GM Sin 

4
 RM = ( L*B*d * ) * GM Sin 
= ( 70 * 11 * 2.5 * 1.025 ) * 0.45 Sin 4
= 61.94 t.m
4- At draught of 5 m, KM is 4.52 m
RM =  * GM Sin 
= ( L * B * d *  ) * GM Sin 
130 = ( 70 * 11 * 5 * 1.025 ) GM Sin 5
GM = 130  ( 70 * 11 * 5 * 1.025 Sin 5 )
= 0.378 m
KG = KM – GM
= 4.52 – 0.378
= 4.1 m

Q8)
A-
when ship is stable , then : GM =
KM – KG, GM is positive,
at (a): ship is neutral, GM = Zero
at (b): ship is neutral, GM = Zero
at (c): minimum KM
Between (a) and (b) ship was unstable, since
KG  KM and GM will be negative.

B-
KM = KB + BM
KM = d/2 + B2 / 12d

d in m KB = d/2 BM = B2/ 12d KM = KB + BM

1.2 0.6 10 10.6
1.7 0.85 7.06 7.91
2.2 1.1 5.454 6.55
2.7 1.35 4.444 5.794
3.2 1.6 3.75 5.35
3.7 1.85 3.242 5.092
4.2 2.1 2.857 4.957
4.7 2.35 2.553 4.903
5.2 2.6 2.307 4.907
5.7 2.85 2.105 4.955
6.2 3.1 1.935 5.035
6.7 3.35 1.791 5.141
7.2 3.6 1.667 5.267

5
To be continued on next page

2-

a) KM min. = 4.903 m , at draught 4.7 m

b) the ship is unstable between draught 3.8 and 5.8 m
c) ship is neutral at draught 3.8 m and at draught 5.8 m

Q9)
a-
(GGv) = (lb³  12) x 
that the most influencing factor is the tank width.
The 2nd factor is the tank length and the density of the liquid in the tank
b-
FSEM = l * b3 * density / 12
= 30 * ( 20 )3 * 0.86 / 12
= 17200 t.m
Weight in t KG in Moment in t.m
m
Ship  10500 7.6 79800
oil 9600 8 76800
FSEM 17200
Final 20100 173800

6
KG fluid = M final / Weight final
= 173800 / 20100 = 8.647 m
GM effective = KM – KG effective GM = 8.8 – 8.647 = 0.153 m
Q10 )
a-
FSEM= (L B3 / 12) * 
From the above formula for calculating the free surface effect moment , it’s clear that the
main effective factor is the tank breadth, there for FSE can be minimized by subdivided
the tank longitudinally by means of water tight bulk head.

b-
1-
Mass of water loaded = volume * density
= 13 * 17 * 1.1 * 1.010 = 245.5 t
FSEM = lb * density / 12 = 13 * 173 * 1.010 / 12 = 5375.6 t.m
3

Take moment about the keel

Weight in t KG in m Moment in t.m
6280 8.88 55766.4
245.5 0.55 135
FSEM 5375.6
Final W = 6525.5 t M = 61277

KG fluid = M final / W final = 61277 / 6525.5

= 9.39 m
GM fluid = KM - KG = 9.9 - 9.39
= 0.52 m
2-

RM = GZ * 
= GM Sin  * 
= 0.52 Sin 8 * 6525.5
= 469.8 t.m

7
Q11)
a-
Righting arm is the horizontal distance in meter between the ship centre of gravity and
the vertical action line of the buoyancy force when the ship heeled by certain angle 
b-
First find out the GZ values cross bounding the KN values.
GZ = KN – KN correction

Angle of heel in degrees

5 10 20 30 45 60 75 90
KN 0.65 1.35 2.7 4.1 5.8 6.7 6.9 6.5
KN correction 1.19 4.8
0.601 2.36 3.45 5.98 6.66 6.9
= KG Sin  8 8
GZ = KN – KN 0.049 0.15 0.34 0.65 0.9 0.72 0.24 - 0.4
correction 2 2

Now plot the GZ curve.

8
2- 4-
ROS between angle .DEI takes place about angle of 33
of 1.5 to angle of 81
RM at angle of 50 =  * GZ
GZ = 0.9 m
RM = 10400 * 0.9 = 9360 t.m

3- GM initial = 0.96 m 5- Maximum GZ = 0.91 m

9
Q12)
a-
1- Possible Causes:

An angle of loll situation can arise in a ship for a number of reasons:

1. Ships carrying timber deck cargoes.

2. Consumption of fuel and water and introduction of free surfaces.
3. Heavy lift operations using ship’s lifting gear
4. Shift of bulk cargo.

2-  How to Recognize:

1- Vessel will not remain upright and will assume a list to either port or starboard.
2- Vessel “flops” to port or starboard.

3- Corrective Measures:

1- Eliminate Free Surface and Free Flow Effects (if present).

2- Add low weight symmetrically about centerline.
3- Remove high weight symmetrically.
4- Shift weight down symmetrically.(reduce KG)
b-
RM =  * GZ
=  GM Sin 
GM = KM – KG
= 15.1 – 14.3
= 0.8 m
RM = 73580 * 0.8 * Sin 3
= 3080.7 t.m

Q13)
Take moment about the Keel to calculate the final KG

10
Weight in t KG in m Moment in t.m
9250 7.9 73075
400 0.9 360
300 7 2100
- 150 2 - 300
- 450 10.9 - 4905
Wf = 9350 t Mf = 70330 t.m

KGf = Mf  Wf
= 70330 / 9350
= 7.52 m

GM = KM – KG
= 10 – 7.52
= 2.48 m

To calculate the final GGH take moment about the CL.

Weight in t Distance off CL Moment

Port
Starboard
9250 0 0 0
400 7 ------- 2800
300 8 2400 ---------
- 150 5 + 750 -750

- 450 6
+ 2700
- 2700
Wf = 9350 t MP = MS =
3150 t 5500 t.m
m
Mf = 5500 – 3150
= 2350 t.m to
S

GGH = Mf  Wf
= 2350 / 9350
= 0.251337 m to S
Tan  = GGH  GM
= 0.251337 / 2.48
= 0.10134557
 = tan – 1 0.10134557
 = 5.8  to S

11
Q14)
a-
The list is the transverse inclination due to misdistribution of weight in the ship about the
longitudinal centreline
b-
Tan  = GGH  GM
GM = KM – KG
= 12 – 10.5
= 1.5 m
GGH initial = GM tan 
= 1.5 * tan 4
= 0.105 m to Port
When ship in the upright Moment port = Moment starboard
 * GGH = w * distance
5000 * 0.105 = w * 18
w = 1575 / 18 = 87.5 t

Q15)
1- Max. angle of list will occurs when the load is just suspended.
Tan  = GGH  GM
To calculate the GM, will take moment about the keel

Weight in t KG in m Moment in t.m

20000 7.5 150000
105 23 2415
Wf = 20105 Mf = 152415

KG = Mf  Wf = 152415 / 20105 = 7.581 m

GM = KM – KG = 8 – 7.581 = 0.419 m
To calculate the GGH
GGH = w * distance / final
= 105 * 16 / 20105 = 0.0835613 m to P
Tan  = 0.835613 / 0.419 = 0.19943
 = tan-1 ( 0.19943 ) = 11.3 to P
2-
Calculate the KG after weight in stowed position
12
Weight in t KG in m Moment in t.m
20000 7.5 150000
105 8.88 932.4
Wf = 20105 Mf = 150932.4

KGf = Mf  Wf = 150932.4 / 20105 = 7.51 m

GMf = KM – KG = 8 – 7.51 = 0.49 m

To calculate GGH
Weight in t Distance off CL Moment in t.m
Port Starboard
20000 0 0 0
105 6.88 ---- 722.4
Wf = 20105 Wf = 722.4

GGH = Mf  Wf = 722.4 / 20105

= 0.0359313 m to S
Tan  = 0.359313 / 0.49 = 0.07333
 = tan -1 ( 0.07333 ) = 4.2 to S

Q16)

GM initial = KM – KG = 5.07 – 4.75 = 0.32 m

GGH initial = GM initial * tan 4
= 0.32 tan 4 = 0.022377 m to port

Weight in t distance off CL in m moment in t.m

Port stbd,
7500 0.022377 167.824 ---------------------------
Let w will loaded 15 ------------------- 15 w
To stbd.

600 –w ( port ) 15 9000 – 15 w -----------------

Final moment ----------------------------------- 9167.824 15 w

When up right  moment port = moment starboard

9167.824 - 15 w = 15 w
30 w = 9167.824
W = 305.6 t to be loaded in stbad.
600 – 305.6 = 294.4 to port side.

13
Q17)
a-
This is the sum total of the changes in the initial and final trim prior and after a cargo
operation takes place.
b-
Bodily rising = Weight discharged/ TPC = 400/25 = 0.16 m
Change of trim = trimming moment/ MCTC = 400 x 30/ 200 = 60cm = 0.6 m by stern .
Ta = Tf ( since LCF at amidships ) = COT / 2 = 0.6 / 2 = 0.3 m
Final draughts : forward aft
Initial draught 8.0 7.8
Rise - 0.16 - 0.16
Ta --------- + 0.3
Tf - 0.3 --------

Final draught 7.54 m 7.94 m

Trim ( 7.54 – 7.94 ) = 0.4 m by stern

Q18)
a-
MCTC : This is the moment necessary to produce a change in ship’s trim by exact of one
cm.
MCTC = ( x GM)  100 LBP

b-
COT = trimming moment / MCTC
Distance that the water will traveled = 205 – 175 = 30 m
= w * distance / MCTC
= 1000 * 30 / 300 = 100 cms = 1 m
Ta = ( a / LBP ) * COT = ( 109 / 210 ) * 1 = 0.519 m ( decreased )
Tf = ( b / LBP ) * COT = ( 210 – 109 / 210 ) * 1 = 0.481 cms ( increased )

Since the weight was shifted, then neither sinkage nor rise takes place

Now calculate the Draught final :

Initial draught Forward Aft

14
 8.3 9.6
Ta -------- - 0.519
Tf + 0.481 ---------

Final draught 8.781 m 9.08 m

Trim = ( 9.08 – 8.781 )  0.3 m by stern
Q19)
a-
Before enter into dry dock, vessel must be:
Positive initial GM (GM fluid) .
In upright .
If possible even-keel or slight trim by stern (as confirmed with dry dock authority) .
Double bottom tank kept either dry or pressed up to reduced FSE.
If initial GM is small, double bottom tank to be pressed up to increase GM .
All items should be secured.
Gang way should stow in sailing position.
The Elevator to be lowered in the bottom flower and turn off.
The ship’s derricks and cranes to be stowed in secured sailing position
b-
1-
P = ( MCTC x trim )  distance from LCF to Aft perpendicular
Trim = aft draught – fore draught = 4.0 – 3.5 = 0.5 m = 50 cms
P = ( 86 * 50 ) / 57.5 = 74.8 tonnes

2-
Virtual loss of GM
GG1 = ( P x KG ) / W – P
= ( 74.8 x 7.2 ) / 4600 – 74.8
GG1 = 0.119 m
GM initial = KM – KG
= 7.65 – 7.2 = 0.45 m
GM dry dock = GM initial – virtual loss of GM
= 0.45 – 0.119 = 0.331 m

Q20)
To calculate the KG prior entering the drydock

Weight in t KG Moment
26270 8.46 222244.2
204 2.2 448.8
FSEM 840
Final weight= Final moment = 223533
26474

15
KG final = M / W = 223533 / 26474 = 8.444 m
GM = KM – KG
= 9.32 – 8.444 = 0.876 m
Reduction in buoyancy when taking the blocks (P) = (Trim * MCTC)/ LCF
= ( 101 * 175.3 ) / 68
= 260.37 t
GM dry dock = Old GM – ( P * KM /  )
= 0.876 – ( 260.37 * 9.32 / 26474 ) = 0.784 m

Q21)
TO solve this problem, will apply constant, constant KG method
NOTE: added weight method can be applied as another solution for the problem.

To calculate the KM in the bilged condition, the new draught should be calculated.
New draught = initial draught + ( sinkage ), let sinkage = X
Volume of lost buoyancy = volume of gained buoyancy
(60 – 12) * 9 * X = 12 * 9 * 4.5
X = 12 * 9 * 4.5 / ( 48 * 9 ) = 1.125 m
New draught = 4.5 + 1.125 = 5.625 m
KM = KB + BM
= d/2 + B2/ 12d = 5.625 / 2 + ( 81 /12*5.625) = 2.8125 + 1.2 = 4.0125m
GM = KM – KG = 4.0125 – 3.85 = 0.1625 m

Q22)
TO solve this problem, will apply constant, constant KG method
NOTE: added weight method can be applied as another solution for the problem.

Will follow constant weight, constant KG method.

RM =  * GM sin
Since constant weight method applies
=L*B*d*
= 100 * 18 * 4 * 1.025 = 7380 t
GM = KM – KG
Volume of buoyancy gained = volume of buoyancy lost
((L – l) * B * X) = l*B*d , let increase in draught = X
(100 – 20 ) * 18 * X = 20 * 18 * 4
X = 1440 / 1440 = 1 m
New draught = 4 + 1 = 5 m

16
KM = KB + BM
= d/2 + B2 / (12d) = 5/2 + 324 / ( 12 * 5) = 7.9 m
GM = KM – KG
= 7.9 – 7.0 = 0.9 m
RM = 7380 * 0.9 Sin 6 = 694.278 t.m

Q23)
1-
GM = { (f * B)/ Tr}2
= { (0.44 * 58)/11}2 = 5.38 m
2-
 = L*B*d* * CB
= 208 * 58 * 12 * 1.025 * 0.83 = 123161.37 t
V = 17* 1852/3600 = 8.74 m/sec
r = 0.85 * 1852/ 2 = 787.1 m
F =  * V2 / r = 123161.37 * (8.74)2 / 787.1 = 11952.74 KN

Q24)
a-
1. Draught should be carefully read forward, amidships and aft on both sides and the
mean draught will be calculated.
2. Two or more plumbline should be used for accurate deflections.
3. The line should be as long as possible to minimize the readings error
b-
GM as the ship inclined = w  d  length of the plumbline /   deflection of the
plumbline
= ( 25 * 16 * 14.7 ) / ( 16000 * 0.34 )
= 1.08 m
KG as the ship inclined = KM – GM = 9.1 – 1.08 = 8.02 m

25)
1-

17
 ½ ordinates Simpson’s multiplier Area function = ( ordinate * SM )
0.0 1 0.0
9.0 4 36.0
18.1 2 36.2
23.6 4 94.4
25.9 2 51.8
26.2 4 104.8
22.5 2 45
15.7 4 62.8
7.2 1 7.2

 Area = 438.2
Half water plan area = 1/3 * h *  Area
= 1/3 * 45 * 438.2 = 6573 m2
Full water plan area = 6573 * 2 = 13146 m2

2- To calculate TPC
TPC = ( WPA *  ) / 100 = ( 13146 * 1.025 ) / 100
= 134.74

Q26)
1-
Take moment about the keel and calculate final displacement , KG and GM
Weight in t KG in m Moment in t.m
Initial  24600 5.84 143664
load 300 7.46 2238
load 460 6.92 3183.2
load 1930 15.4 29722
Final 27290 178807.2

18
KG = M final / W final
= 178807.2 / 27290 = 6.552 m
2-
By using the calculated KG and the heel / GZ values , GZ curve can be plotted

Using Simpson’s rule , calculate the area under curve Area from 0 to 30

Heel GZ SM Area Fn.

0 0 1 0
10 0.51 3 1.515
20 1.06 3 3.186
30 1.71 1 1.71
Sum 6.411
Area = 3 / 8 * 10 / 57.3 * 6.411 = 0.42 m.r
Area from 0 to 40 
Heel GZ SM Area Fn.
0 0 1 0
10 0.51 4 2.021
20 1.06 2 2.124
30 1.71 4 6.838
40 2.21 1 2.205
Sum 13.188

Area = 1 / 3 * 10/ 57.3 * 13.188 = 0.767 m.r

Area under the curve between 30 to 40 = 0.767 – 0.42 = 0.347 m.r
From the above GZ curve and calculated areas gives the following
IMO Min. criteria Actual criteria Complies or no
GM Not less than 0.15 m 2.768 yes
Area 0 to 30 Not less than 0.055 m.r 0.42 yes
Area 0 to 40 Not less than 0.09 m.r 0.767 yes
Area from 30 to Not less than 0.03 0.347 yes
40
GZ max. At least 0.2 m 2.4 yes
Heel at max. GZ At least 30 deg. Approximately 51 deg yes

19
The ship’s loaded condition does satisfy the IMO minimum criteria

Q27)
1. The fuel consumption / day = (2/3 x V3 )  fuel coefficient

26.5 = { ( 10000 )2/3 x V3 }  55000

V3 = ( 26.5 * 55000) / ( 10000 )2/3
= 1457500 / 464.16
= 3140.1
V = 14.6 knots

2. Let X is the old daily fuel consumption, then

X / ( X – 31 ) = ( 21 / 16 )3
= 2.261
X = 2.261 ( X – 31 )
1.261 X = 70.091
X = 55.58 t
New daily consumption = 55.58 – 31 = 24.58 t

Q28)
To calculate the residuary resistance for the ship
Rr2 / Rr1 = ( L2 / L1 )3
Rr2 = 29 ( 165/ 9 )3
= 178699.07 N

To calculate the ship corresponding speed

(V2 / V1 )2 = L2 / L1  V2 / V1 = ( L2 / L1 )1/2
V2 = V1 ( L2 / L1 ) 1/2
= 3.5 ( 165 / 9 )1/2 = 3.5 * 4.2817 =
V2 = 14.986  14.99 knots.

Power = Rr * V ( m / sec. )
= 178699.07 * 14.99 ( 1852 / 3600 )
= 1378041.85 W
 1378.042 KW

20
Q29)

F = C *A*V2
= 580 * 18 * ( 16* 1852 / 3600 )2
= 707322.425 N
T = Fn * b
= F Sin  * b = 707322.425 Sin 35 * 1.1 = 446273.8 N.m
T/ J = q / r
J = Tr / q
r4/ 2 = Tr/q
r 3 = 2T/q
= ( 2 * 446273.8 )/ (3.142 * 58*106)
= 0.0048977567 m3
r = 0.1698 m
diameter of stock = r * 2 = 0.3396 m
= 33.96 cm

Q30)
a-
1- calculate the distribution of the lightweight displacement of the ship
Light displacement = L * B * d * 
45 * 8 * 3 * 1 = 1080 t
Lightweight / m = 1080 / 45 = 24 t / m
Cargo / m for hold # 2 = 90 / 15 = 6 t / m
Buoyancy force = Loaded displacement / m = ( 1080 + 90 ) / 45 = 26 t / m
Final load for each hold :

Hold Light Dead Total Buoyancy Load

number weight t/m weight t/m weight t/m force t/m t/m
3 24 0 24 26 2 up
2 24 6 30 26 4
down
1 24 0 24 26 2 up

Now plot the load curve starting from AP

21
b-
Calculate the area under each hold in the load curve as follow, starting from
FP.

SF (shear force) at AP(aft perpendicular) =0

SF at 5 m foap = 2 t/m * 5 m = 10 tonnes
SF at 10 m foap = 2 t/m * 10 m = 20 tonnes
SF at 5 m foap = 2 t/m *1 5 m = 30 tonnes
SF at 20 m foap = (2 t/m *1 5 m) + (-4 t-m * 5 m) = 10 tonnes
SF at amidships (22.5 m foap) = (2 *1 5 ) + (-4 * 7.5 ) = 0 tonnes
SF at 25 m foap = (2 *1 5 ) + (-4 * 10 ) = -10 tonnes
SF at 30 foap = (2 *1 5 ) + (-4 * 15 ) = -30 tonnes
SF at 35 foap = (2 *1 5 ) + (-4 * 15 ) + (2 *5 )= -20 tonnes
SF at 40 foap = (2 *1 5 ) + (-4 * 15 ) + (2 *10 )= -10 tonnes
SF at 45 foap = (2 *1 5 ) + (-4 * 15 ) + (2 *15 )= 0 tonnes

Now plot the shearing force curve starting from FP

C-

22
To find the bending moment, calculate the area under the shearing force
curve starting from AP

Once past bulkhead 3/2 it is necessary to consider the area of a trapezium formed by the area
under the shear force curve to the right of the bulkhead as seen in the figure

( 30t +10 t )
BM 20 m foap= (1/2 * 15 * 30 t ) + ∗5 m ¿=325 t−m
2

BM at amidships (22.5mfoap) = ½ * 22.5 * 30= 337.5 t-m

BM at 25 m foap = 337.5 t-m + (1/2 * 2.5 m * -10t)= 325 t-m

(Since we know the area from 0 to 22.5m foap, being 337.5t-m)

BM at 30m foap (bulkhead 2/1) = 337.5+(1/2 * 7.5m * -30t)=225 t-m

(−30t +−20 t )
BM at 35m foap=225+ * 5 m) =100 t-m
2

(since we know the area from 0 to 30 m foap, being 225 t-m!)

(−30 t+−10 t )
BM at 40m foap = 225+ * 10m ) = 25 t-m
2

BM at FP = 0 t-m

Now plot the bending moment curve starting from AP

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d-
the maximum shear force values at positions:
30 tonnes at 15m foap
30tonnes at 30m foap
Maximum bending moment value of – 337.5 t.m, occurs at Midship (22.5 m
foap ).

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